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1.
Recent research has shown that offenders high on impression management report fewer antisocial attitudes and less antisocial history and are objectively rated at less risk to commit a criminal offense. Further, impression management has been shown to be significantly and negatively related to criminal behavior. The present research investigated the hypothesis that this relationship may be due to the honest responding of offenders to items measuring relatively minor antisocial and criminal behaviors. The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (now the Paulhus Deception Scales; D. L. Paulhus, 1994, 1998) is shown to be confounded with criminal-risk variance, and it may lead to incorrect conclusions when used with correctional samples. The discussion centers on the relationship of socially desirable responding with other constructs important in the prediction of reoffending within a correctional population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

2.
The goal of the present investigation is to compare the factor structure of the revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R; P. T. Costa & R. R. McCrae, 1992) in samples of respondents differentially motivated to respond in a socially desirable manner. In the French sample, the authors compared the NEO PI-R structure of job applicants (N=12,631) subgrouped by relative degree of socially desirable responding with that of a normative sample (N=801). In the Belgian sample, the authors compared the NEO PI-R structure in naturally occurring groups, including job applicants (N=3,028), individuals receiving career counseling (N=221), and a normative sample (N=549). Results indicate that the NEO PI-R factor structure remained stable across all samples. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

3.
Although there is an emerging consensus that social desirability does not meaningfully affect criterion-related validity, several researchers have reaffirmed the argument that social desirability degrades the construct validity of personality measures. Yet, most research demonstrating the adverse consequences of faking for construct validity uses a fake-good instruction set. The consequence of such a manipulation is to exacerbate the effects of response distortion beyond what would be expected under realistic circumstances (e.g., an applicant setting). The research reported in this article was designed to assess these issues by using real-world contexts not influenced by artificial instructions. Results suggest that response distortion has little impact on the construct validity of personality measures used in selection contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

4.
In the current investigation, the authors examined the validity of the L-r and K-r scales on the recently developed Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF; Y. S. Ben-Porath & A. Tellegen, in press) in measuring underreported response bias. Three archival samples previously collected for examining MMPI-2 validity scales were reanalyzed in 2 studies. In Study 1 L-r and K-r significantly differentiated 2 groups of participants (patients with schizophrenia and university students) who had been instructed to underreport on the MMPI-2 from participants who took the test under standard instructions. L-r and K-r also added incremental predictive variance to one another in differentiating these groups. In Study 2 a similar set of outcomes emerged through the use of a differential prevalence design in which L-r and K-r significantly differentiated a group of child custody litigants who were administered the MMPI-2 from university students taking the test under standard instructions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

5.
Responses of 110 female college students from four subgroups with differing prior experiences as measured by a biographical questionnaire were evaluated for reaction time, commonality score, and idiodynamic response set on the Kent-Rosanoff Word Association Test. Hypotheses of differing subset verbal behaviors were based upon the research literature and upon anticipated group differences on scales of cultural-literary interest, maladjustment, social leadership, extraversion-introversion, and inhibition-impulsivity. Differences between groups were significant at the .01 level for both a multivariate discriminate analysis and for post hoc tests across all of the independent variables. Each group possessed a pattern of unique verbal abilities commensurate with differences in prior experiences. Cultural-literary interest and inhibition impulsivity were found to be important developmental dimensions in the differentiation of verbal behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

6.
The authors address conceptual and methodological foundations of incremental validity in the evaluation of newly developed clinical assessment measures. Incremental validity is defined as the degree to which a measure explains or predicts a phenomenon of interest, relative to other measures. Incremental validity can be evaluated on several dimensions, such as sensitivity to change, diagnostic efficacy, content validity, treatment design and outcome, and convergent validity. Indices of incremental validity can vary depending on the criterion measures, comparison measures, and individual differences in samples. The authors review the rationale for, principles, and methods of incremental validation, including the selection of comparison and criterion measures, and address data analytic strategies and the conditional nature of incremental validity evaluations in the selection of measures. Incremental validity contributes to, but is different from, cost-benefits, which reflect the cost of acquiring the data and the benefits from the data. The impact of an incremental validity index on whether a measure is selected will be moderated by the cost of acquiring the new data, the importance of the measured phenomenon, and the clinical utility of the new data. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

7.
This study found mixed support for the hypothesis that the difference in criterion-related validity between unstructured and structured employment interviews is due solely to the greater reliability of structured interviews. Using data from prior meta-analyses, this hypothesis was tested in 4 data sets by using standard psychometric procedures to remove the effects of measurement error in interview scores from correlations with rated job performance and training performance. In the 1st data set. support was found for this hypothesis. However, in a 2nd data set structured interviews had higher true score correlations with performance ratings, and in 2 other data sets unstructured interviews had higher true score correlations. We also found that averaging across 3 to 4 independent unstructured interviews provides the same level of validity for predicting job performance as a structured interview administered by a single interviewer. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

8.
The purpose of this study was to assess the construct validity of adolescent-report parenting behavior measures (primarily derived from the Parental Behavior Measure) in a sample of 480 adolescents from Beijing, China. Results suggest that maternal support, monitoring, and autonomy granting were valid measures when assessing maternal socialization strategies and Chinese adolescent development. Measures of punitiveness and love withdrawal demonstrated limited validity, whereas maternal positive induction demonstrated little validity. The major implications of these results are that measures of "negative" parenting that included physical or psychological manipulations may not have salience for the development of Chinese adolescents. Moreover, researchers and clinicians should question the applicability of instruments and measures designed to assess family process when working with individuals in families from diverse cultural backgrounds. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

9.
Wiggins (1959) evaluated several MMPI measures of the social desirability variable in a role-playing experiment, and concluded that his Sd scale was the preferred measure. The effectiveness of several social desirability measures in detecting role-playing subjects was cross validated in a sample of psychiatric patients by the contrasted groups method. Contrary to Wiggins' conclusion, the results indicated that the Sd, the Cof, the SD, and the MMPI L and K scales were of comparable efficiency in discriminating between the control and experimental conditions in the role-playing experiment, even though Sd and Cof were specifically designed for this purpose. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

10.
This study provides initial evidence for the criterion-related validity of tacit knowledge (TK) as an alternative measure for selecting psychology graduate students and adds insight to the construct of TK by evaluating its factor structure, assessing convergent relationships with other variables, and exploring alternative reasons for why TK predicts performance. TK provided incremental validity beyond GRE scores, undergraduate GPA, and 7 personality dimensions in predicting graduate school performance. Moreover, TK scores computed from experts at different universities yielded nearly identical criterion-related validity coefficients, thus strengthening the generalizability of the predictor. Although the results of the present study demonstrate convergent relationships between TK and conceptually related variables, factor analyses conducted on the TK measure did not support the subdimensions proposed by the authors of the scale. Limitations of the present study, issues involving revision of the TK measure, and recommendations for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

11.
"This study was concerned with the hypothesis that a personal desirability set operates somewhat independently of a social desirability set in determining response selection on the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule. To test this hypothesis 248 college Ss were administered the PPS." "It would appear that utilization of only social values for matching purposes does not represent a crucial flaw in Edwards' attempt to minimize desirability of verbal statements as an important source of performance variance." "The hypothesis of some independent effects of personal and social desirability sets upon response endorsement was supported." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

12.
This article describes the development and validation of a biographical data (biodata) measure and situational judgment inventory (SJI) as useful predictors of broadly defined college student performance outcomes. These measures provided incremental validity when considered in combination with standardized college-entrance tests (i.e., SAT/ACT) and a measure of Big Five personality constructs. Racial subgroup mean differences were much smaller on the biodata and SJI measures than on the standardized tests and college grade point average. Female students tended to outperform male students on most predictors and outcomes with the exception of the SAT/ACT. The biodata and SJI measures show promise for student development contexts and for selecting students on a wide range of outcomes with reduced adverse impact. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

13.
A comprehensive meta-analysis of the validity of general mental ability (GMA) measures across 12 occupational categories in the European Community (EC) is presented. GMA measures showed that there is validity generalization and large operational validities for job performance and training success in 11 occupational groups. Results also showed that job complexity moderated the magnitude of the operational validity of GMA tests across three levels of job complexity: low, medium, and high. In general, results were similar to those found in the United States, although the European findings showed a slightly larger magnitude of operational validity in some cases. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings for personnel selection are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

14.
Interpretation of psychological measures is sometimes based on relationships between test characteristics (factor loadings, proportion of items keyed True, etc.). The direction of measurement adopted for a scale often determines how test characteristics are recorded. Failure to regulate direction of measurement, called here direction error, produces misleading results by affecting the distribution and intercorrelations of test characteristics. Examples are drawn from criterion analysis, the study of acquiescence, social desirability, and communality. A method for regulating direction of measurement is discussed. Its rationale is based on a distinction between directional and differential measurement. (34 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

15.
In a previous study, the authors have identified an "agreeing response set" and this may be related to what Edwards had identified as "social desirability set." Evidence (correlations between the OAS scale, a measure of agreement set, and responses on the MMPI), indicates that both scales are influenced by acquiescent tendencies as well as by social desirability tendencies. From Psyc Abstracts 36:01:3HF73E. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

16.
The goal of this study was to examine whether data from 3 different measures of communication (i.e., self-report, quasi-observational, and observational) can predict relationship adjustment and stability 1 year later when used conjointly in a sample of 62 young couples. The 3 measures of communication were the Communication Skills Test-Revised (CST-R), the Communication Box (CB), and the Demand/Withdraw Pattern Questionnaire (DWPQ). Through hierarchical multiple regression analyses, results revealed that the CST-R and the DWPQ predict both genders' relationship adjustment 1 year later when used conjointly. Logistic regression analyses revealed that none of the measures of communication significantly predicted relationship stability. In conclusion, the combination of the CST-R and the DWPQ appears to be useful for longitudinally predicting relationship adjustment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

17.
Ss were asked to use Leary's Interpersonal Check List (ICL) to describe people they liked, disliked, and knew well but neither liked nor disliked. Social Desirability Scale (SD) values had been obtained on each of the 12 items of the ICL in a previous study by Edwards (see 32: 464). The present list selections were evaluated in terms of this dimension. Liked people are characterized by items high in SD; disliking people correlates less, but in the predicted direction. A positive relationship also exists between a Ss own SD score and that he attributes to others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

18.
200 college sophomores took the MMPI 3 times. Analysis showed the following results: (1) Variation of order or time of testing in the personal or social condition seemed to make no difference. (2) Intercorrelations between the 3 forms were low enough to show that the 3 tasks were different. (3) Variance on all 3 forms was lower than in the standardization of the MMPI. (4) The mean profiles were highly similar in all 3 groups. (5) The clinical scales were in general highest on self, as were the Si, A, and obvious scales. The L, K, and subtle scales were in general lowest on self. (6) Results based on analysis of item discrepancies rather than scale comparisons showed that the discrepancies tended to be very sizable. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

19.
20.
The authors undertook a comprehensive examination of the construct validity of an assessment center in this study by (1) gathering many different types of evidence to evaluate the strength of the inference between predictor measures and constructs (e.g., reliability, accuracy, convergent and discriminant relationships), (2) introducing a theoretically relevant intervention (frame-of-reference [FOR] training) aimed at improving construct validity, and (3) examining the effect of this intervention on criterion-related validity (something heretofore unexamined in the assessment center literature). Results from 58 assessees and 122 assessors suggested that FOR training was effective at improving the reliability, accuracy, convergent and discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity of assessment center ratings. Findings are discussed in terms of implications and future directions for both FOR training and assessment center practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

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