High Power, p-i-n Diode Controlled, Microwave Transmission Phase Shifters

An iterative circuit, diode, transmission phase shifter is discussed, having a canonic form that consists, of a length of transmission line symmetrically loaded at its ends by small susceptances whose values are diode controllable. The spacing of the susceptances is chosen so that their reflections are nearly mutually canceling, (about a quarter wavelength if equal magnitude, opposite sign susceptances are used). A change of electrical length of the section of 23/spl deg/, in principle, is obtainable with a maximum input VSWR of 1.04. Eight section, experimental circuits yielded 180/spl deg/ total phase shift with less than one decibel of loss in the L and S bands and peak RF power capability to 15 kilowatts. Operation to 140 kilowatts peak power was achieved with reduced phase shift per section. The transmission phase shifter is believed to be well suited as a phase control element for beam steering of array antennas.     

Phase Shift by Periodic Loading of Waveguide and Its Application to Broad-Band Circular Polarization

A rectangular or square waveguide may be loaded periodically by thin capacitive or inductive irises in order to produce phase delay or phase advance, respectively. The amount of phase shift may be calculated with accuracy by making use of available theoretical values of iris susceptance and of transmission line theory. The phase shifting sections maybe designed for low voltage standing-wave ratio (vswr) over a considerable bandwidth. When a square waveguide capable of supporting two fundamental modes is loaded periodically, the irises act inductively for one mode and capacitively for the other, thus introducing a differential phase shift. This differential phase shift may be made equal to 90°, in order to convert linear to circular polarization. Furthermore such a device may be made, by proper choice of parameters, to yield near-circular polarization over a bandwidth of 1.65:1, because the variation in phase delay for one mode and phase advance for the other tend to compensate each other as the frequency is varied. Several of these circular polarizers have been built and tested at X band and the measured results of ellipticity and vswr, as well as broad-band performance check with theoretical values quite closely.     

低电压驱动的硅基Ka波段级联式MEMS移相器

通过在共平面波导上周期性地分布微机械电容,外加电压驱动改变电容值,可实现级联式MEMS移相器.本文讨论了优化相移特性对共平面波导特性阻抗及下拉电压的要求,通过工艺参数优化制备了高阻硅基上的Ka波段级联式MEMS移相器,测试结果表明制备器件具有较低的驱动电压,8V时即产生明显的相移量,在36GHz处15V驱动电压时相移量为118°,25V时为286°.对微结构弹性膜的机械振动寿命测试表明,13级级联的MEMS移相器所有弹性膜同步振动的寿命为3×10⁶次.为器件的实用化提供了重要保障.     

Novel Schiffman phase shifters

In a standard Schiffman phase shifter a coupled section and a uniform transmission line are used to give a differential phase shift. In order to achieve larger bandwidth it is necessary to use tight coupled sections which are difficult to realize. It is shown how different configurations of coupled lines or parallel connected coupled lines can be used together with a uniform transmission line, other coupled lines, or parallel connected coupled lines in order to obtain a differential phase shifter with loose coupled lines and the same performance as for the standard case. The measurements confirm the calculated results, leading to a more realizable structure     

RF MEMS phase shifters based on PCB MEMS technology

An X-band main-line type loaded line RF MEMS phase shifter fabricated using printed circuit based MEMS technology is reported. The phase shifter provides a phase shift of 31.6/spl deg/ with a minimum insertion loss of 0.56 dB at 9 GHz for an applied DC bias voltage of 40 V. These phase shifters are suitable for monolithic integration with low-cost phased arrays on Teflon or Polyimide such as low dielectric constant substrates.     

Some Effects of Dielectric Loading on Ferrite Phase Shifters in Rectangular Waveguide

The use of dielectric loading with the ferrites in nonreciprocal transmission lines has becolme quite prevalent. The theoretical analysis of unloaded ferrite phase shifters in rectangular waveguide has been extended to the dielectrically loaded case by Soohoo. The boundary-value problem of ferrite phase shifters in dielectrically loaded coaxial lines, which possesses a transcendental equation similar to the waveguide case, has been throughly discussed by several authors. The present commumcation reports the solution of the boundary-value problem of a dielectrically loaded ferrite phase shifter in rectangular waveguide to yield values of the lossless propagation constant for various slab positions for both directions of propagation. The theoretical values of the differential phase shift for slab positions about the center of the waveguide were compared with the measured values for three different applied magnetic fields.     

推–推振荡器共用谐振器分析与低相位噪声设计

为实现低相位噪声平面振荡器,对推-推振荡器的共用谐振器与相位噪声优化方法进行了研究。提出一种基于多环式开口谐振环的差分传输线,通过加载一对耦合谐振环的方式实现2个单元振荡器之间的弱耦合,提高了共用谐振器的频率选择特性。基于该结构设计并实现了一种X波段推-推振荡器,在设计中采用一种基于振荡器有源品质因子的相位噪声优化方法。测试结果表明：该振荡器在输出二次谐波9.52 GHz处的相位噪声为-115.48 dBc/Hz@100 kHz,基波抑制度达到-54.55 dBc。     

X 波段铁电薄膜移相器设计

本文基于传输线周期性加载可变电容理论,设计了一种X 波段的铁电薄膜移相器。测试结果表明,随着偏压的增加,移相度增大、插损减小。在32 伏的直流偏压下,X 波段最大移相度为140°,最大插损为10dB,回波损耗优于-10dB。     

An impedance matched phase shifter using BaSrTiO/sub 3/ thin film

We present a distributed phase shifter with an equal ripple return loss at its operation frequency range. The phase shifter is based on a periodic structure and consists of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) line periodically loaded with voltage-variable barium strontium titanate (BST) interdigitated capacitors. Measurements show that its return loss is better than -15dB at frequencies from direct current to 16GHz, and at 9.4GHz, its phase shift is 41/spl deg/ under 120-V applied bias voltage.     

Periodically Loaded Nonreciprocal Transmission Lines for Phase-Shifter Applications

Nonreciprocal transmission lines periodically loaded with thin metallic diaphragms are analyzed using the wave transmission matrix approach. An approximate equivalent circuit representation of the diaphragm is proposed and discussed. Using this representation, the differential phase-shift and impedance characteristics of the periodically loaded line are computed for assumed parameters, for "shunt-capacitance" and "shunt-inductance" loading. The range of validity of the approximate results is examined using a certain criterion. The differential phase shift for both capacitive and inductive loading is found to be greater than that of the unloaded line and the results show the same general trends as those previously observed experimentally.     

基于载波和边带相位控制的微波光子移相器

为了实现一种360°相移新型微波光子移相器，通过使用一个相位调制器、延迟线和光学滤波器来控制载波和边带的相位，最终控制射频信号的相位。相位调制器只需控制一个电压来调节移相角度，减少了使用复杂双平行马赫-曾德尔调制器所导致的漂移带来的影响，具有结构简单、成本较低等优点。结果表明，仿真验证的微波光子移相器可以在0GHz~40GHz频率范围内实现从0°~360°的全相移范围，并且在同一输出相位情况下，频率在0GHz~40GHz范围内，功率基本保持不变。此研究对微波光子移相器技术有一定参考意义。     

The Generalized Direct-Coupled Cavity Linear Phase Filter

A procedure is described whereby narrow-band waveguide generalized direct-coupled cavity linear phase filters may be designed from a low-pass prototype linear phase network. The structure is comprised of two identical conventional half-wave direct-coupled cavity filters with shunt inductive irises, cross coupled by small apertures in the narrow wall between adjacent cavities. Explicit formulas for the susceptances of the irises, the cross coupling apertures, and the electrical lengths of the cavities are given in terms of the element values of the low-pass prototype. Measured results on two X-band filters are given with fractional bandwidths of 0.15 percent and 0.85 percent. Both were designed upon the maximally flat prototype, the former being an 8-cavity filter while the latter is a 14-cavity version and illustrates the dispersion effect due to the frequency-dependence of the inductive irises.     

Ferroelectric Phase Shifters for VHF and UHF

The analysis, construction, and performance of compact surface wave ferroelectric phase shifters suitable for operation in the100-to1000-MC frequency range are described. Although this ferroelectric loaded parallel-plane structure is a very low impedance structure, a satisfactory terminal impedance matching technique has been devised. Kilovolt level voltages are needed; but since the current required to maintain or rapidly shift phase is low, the over-all control power requirements are at least an order of magnitude less than those for comparable ferrite phase shifters. One of these room temperature operable phase shifters provided 348/spl deg/ of phase shift at 207 Mc. It had an insertion loss which varied from 3.7 to 2.2 db over a zero- to 4000-volt range of applied dc control voltage.     

应用于DBS移动接收中的5位数字移相器——低成本、Ku波段

提出了一种应用于DBS移动接收中的5位数字移相器的设计方案,并通过实验验证了其实际性能。该移相器采用加载线型和反射型移相原理,首先应用ADS软件进行设计仿真;仿真结果显示该移相器具有频带内高移相精度、低插入损耗和低VSWR等性能,符合设计要求。最后使用Agilent矢量网络分析仪对实物进行测试,进而验证了设计方案的正确性。     

Design Equations and Bandwidth of Loaded-Line Phase Shifters (Short Papers)

Design equations for a loaded-line phase shifter are derived for any susceptance spacing. An analysis based on these relations shows that maximum bandwidth is obtained when the spacing between the switched susceptances is 90 degrees.     

Susceptance computation of a meander-line polarizer layer

The solution to the problem of scattering of a plane wave by an infinite periodic array of meander-line thin conductors on a dielectric sheet is considered. Numerical results on perpendicular and parallel polarization susceptances are given as well as a comparison with experimental data over a large frequency range. Results showing variations of array's susceptances with respect to constitutive parameters are also presented.     

A new design approach for low phase-noise reflection-type MMIC oscillators

In this paper, optimization of the loaded quality factor Q/sub L/ for reflection-type heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) oscillators is investigated. The main result is an optimum relation between the S-parameter phases at the three transistor ports. A new design strategy for this type of oscillator is proposed. The analysis is verified by comparing several Ka-band monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit oscillators in GaAs HBT technology with different resonators. The measured loaded Q/sub L/ values correspond to the measured phase noise of the circuits. At an oscillation frequency of 33 GHz, an excellent phase noise of -87 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset frequency is achieved over the whole tuning range.     

A 270-MHz to 1.5-GHz CMOS PLL clock generator with reconfigurable multi-functions for FPGA

A PLL clock generator with reconfigurable multi-functions for FPGA design applications is presented. This clock generator has two configurable operation modes to achieve clock multiplication and phase alignment functions,respectively.The output clock signal has advanced clock shift ability such that the phase shift and duty cycle are programmable.In order to further improve the accuracy of phase alignment and phase shift,a VCO design based on a novel quick start-up technique is proposed.A new delay partition method is also adopted to improve the speed of the post-scale counter,which is used to realize the programmable phase shift and duty cycle.A prototype chip implemented in a 0.13-μm CMOS process achieves a wide tuning range from 270 MHz to 1.5 GHz.The power consumption and the measured RMS jitter at 1 GHz are less than 18 mW and 9 ps,respectively.The settling time is approximately 2μs.     

基于非整数阶SSC盲移频的LFM雷达干扰技术

传统频谱扩展与压缩(SSC)盲移频干扰的阶数为整数,为了实现精确的位置干扰,需要调整不同的处理延时,在实际应用中存在一定的局限性。该文对整数阶盲移频技术进行了改进,提出了一种基于非整数阶SSC盲移频的LFM雷达干扰技术。该技术在干扰机处理延时不变的情况下,通过改变SSC盲移频的阶数来实现精确的位置干扰。该文推导了一种高效的非整数阶SSC盲移频干扰实现方法,同时通过Newman序列控制信号的初相来减小压制干扰信号的峰均比(PAPR)。仿真结果表明,该文算法在指定干扰机处理延时的情况下,可以实现假目标欺骗干扰和相参密集压制干扰,能够有效对抗脉冲压缩体制雷达,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

设计小椭圆度的圆波导移相器的新方法

本文介绍设计小椭圆度的圆波导移相器的新方法。该方法在理论上虽不严格,但在工程应用上作为处理某些难解决的相移问题却是有效的。在4GHz频段500MHz带宽内,90相移量的理论值与实测值间的最大差异仅为1.4。