热暴露对欠时效态Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金拉伸性能的影响

采用拉伸力学性能测试、透射电镜微观组织分析和扫描电镜断口分析等方法,研究热暴露对一种欠时效态Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金力学性能及微观组织的影响.结果表明:在150 ℃热暴露下,欠时效态Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金的剩余强度先上升后下降,强度峰值出现在100 h;热暴露1 000 h后,合金的力学性能相对欠时效态合金的无明显下降;在200～300 ℃热暴露时,合金强度随时间的延长而下降,伸长率随着时间的延长而增大;在300 ℃热暴露时,强度明显下降,热暴露10 h后,其抗拉强度只有272.5 MPa,暴露100 h后, 其抗拉强度降至114.5 MPa;欠时效态合金细小分布的Ω相随着热暴露温度的升高,Ω相长大并粗化,θ′相析出,无沉淀析出带(PFZ)变宽;在250 ℃下热暴露时,Ω相明显粗化且数量稀少;合金中的Ω相和θ′相在300 ℃热暴露100 h后,均转变成平衡θ相.     

一种Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金欠时效态的耐热性能

研究了欠时效态(165℃,2 h)Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金在热暴露、高温持久过程中组织与性能的变化.结果表明,试样在200℃,200 MPa高温持久下,随时间延长,其剩余强度先上升后下降,强度峰值出现在持久20 h.延伸率变化与强度变化基本相似.持久100 h后,合金力学性能相对欠时效态无明显下降,显示出优良的热稳定性;合金欠时效状态的组织为细小分布的Ω相,随着高温持久时间的延长,θ'相与Ω相竞争析出.无析出带(PFZ)逐渐增宽,同时发现晶界上有颗粒状析出物.在200℃热暴露下,其剩余强度的变化趋势与高温持久相同,但延伸率随时间延长而下降,其组织为过时效组织.     

2A97铝锂合金时效行为研究

通过DSC、XRD、TEM、硬度测试和拉伸测试等手段,研究了2A97铝锂合金时效组织和性能变化.结果表明:2A97合金淬火后在165℃时效18 h的显微组织以θ″/θ′和δ′相为主,出现了大量分布不均匀T1相.在165℃时效,随时间延长,T1数量密度增加,平均长度减小,δ′数量密度增加,θ′数量密度和长度增加.在165℃时效18 h得到较高的强度和塑性.淬火变形后于135℃时效的组织以细小θ″/θ′、T1和δ′为主,T1和θ″/θ′数量明显高于未变形时效组织.淬火变形后于135℃时效36 h的强度明显提高,σ0.2,σb和δ5分别为441 MPa,519 MPa和7.4%.     

预拉伸对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金析出相与力学性能的影响

研究时效前预拉伸对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金析出相和力学性能的影响。结果表明:165℃时效前的预拉伸可提高合金的峰值硬度及强度,延长峰值时效的时间;合金的主要强化相是Ω相和θ′相,预拉伸引入的位错抑制了Ω相的析出与长大,细化Ω相的尺寸,同时促进θ′相的析出;时效前未经变形时,合金出现峰值的时间是10h,对应的σb为492MPa;时效前经4%预拉伸变形后,合金出现峰值的时间是18h,对应的σb为508MPa。     

时效制度对2A97铝-锂合金组织和性能的影响

通过拉伸测试和透射电镜分析,研究时效温度和时间对2A97铝锂合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:经淬火后分别在135℃和155℃时效,随着时效温度升高,2A97合金强度升高,达到峰值强度的时间提前,延伸率降低;随着时效时间延长,合金屈服强度升高,抗拉强度则先升高而后降低,出现峰值强度,延伸率下降;当合金在155℃时效36 h,获得最佳强度和塑性匹配,抗拉强度为500 MPa,屈服强度为413 MPa,延伸率为7%;随着时效温度升高,合金组织中T1(Al2CuLi)相数量增加;135℃的过时效合金显微组织主要为θ′/θ″(Al2Cu)相和δ′(Al3Li)相,155℃的时效合金显微组织主要为T1相、θ′/θ″相和δ′相。     

一种2050铝锂合金薄板的微观组织与力学性能

通过力学性能测试和微观组织观察研究了不同热处理工艺对一种2050铝锂合金薄板力学性能和组织结构的影响。结果表明:2050铝锂合金主要强化析出相为T1相和θ′相,并可能存在少量S′相析出。在T6态(175℃)、T8态(6%预变形+155℃)时效时合金具有不同的时效析出特征;相比于T6态时效,由于时效前预变形的引入,T8态时效时合金中T1相和θ′相析出密度提高,尺寸减小,其对应的强度及延伸率均提高,T8峰时效(32 h)时σ_b、σ_(0.2)和δ分别为531MPa、488 MPa和11.4%。T8态时效(155℃/32 h)时,2%~10%预变形均可促进T1相形核,2%~6%预变形可促进θ′相形核,过大的预变形(如10%)并不能促进θ′相进一步形核,但可显著抑制θ′相长大。     

热暴露对新型铝基活塞合金组织和性能的影响

研究了Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni新型活塞合金经过固溶时效热处理后,再在350℃热暴露不同时间(0～1 000 h)后的显微组织和性能.结果表明:随着暴露时间的延长,合金的室温和高温剩余强度明显下降,在0～10h,强度降低较快,10h后,合金的室温和高温抗拉强度基本稳定在209 MPa和51 MPa;随着暴露时间的延长,合金的伸长率明显提高,在0～1 00 h,伸长率显著提高,100 h后,其室温和高温伸长率基本稳定在2.8％和8.9％.随着热暴露时间延长,热处理组织中的块状初生硅无明显变化,粒状共晶硅长大并粗化,均匀地分布于基体中,Q和θ相长大并粗化.     

Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Zr铝合金热稳定性能研究

研究了Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Zr合金高温短时拉伸和热暴露行为及其微观组织.高温拉伸试验结果表明,在150～250 ℃范围内,高温强度下降比较平缓,且250℃下的拉伸强度达到270MPa;在250～300 ℃范围内,高温强度迅速下降.热暴露试验结果表明,在相同时间的条件下,暴露温度从室温至150℃合金的强度和伸长率几乎没有变化,从200～300 ℃合金强度下降,但在200℃热暴露后的拉伸强度仍保持386MPa.透射电镜分析表明,合金欠时效状态由大量细小分布的Ω相及极少量的θ'相组成,随着暴露温度的提高,Ω相长大并粗化,至250℃热暴露后Ω相大幅度减少,无析出带(PFZ)宽化.研究表明,短时高温拉伸条件下,Ω相在250℃下仍能保持稳定,而长时间(100h)热暴露时,Ω相只能在200℃下维持稳定.     

人工时效对喷射成形2195-T4搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能的影响

对喷射成形2195-T4铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊接头在205℃进行6、12、18和24 h的时效处理，采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和电子万能试验机等对接头的显微组织和力学性能进行分析。结果表明：205℃时效24 h后，接头晶粒大小和形貌无明显变化；随着时效时间的延长，焊核区与热影响区的T₁、θ′、δ′相持续析出并粗化，时效12 h时，焊核区的T₁、θ′、δ′相与热影响区的θ′、δ′相数量最多，热影响区T₁相的数量在时效18 h时达到最大值；接头硬度与抗拉强度在时效12 h时达到峰值，此时接头平均硬度为166.7 HV0.1,抗拉强度为453 MPa,断裂方式为沿晶脆性断裂。     

喷射沉积过共晶AlSiCuMg合金的时效行为和力学性能

利用扫描电镜(SEM+EBSD)、透射电镜(TEM)、硬度测试以及室温拉伸实验研究了喷射沉积过共晶AlSiCuMg合金的时效组织演变规律及力学性能。结果表明：随时效时间的延长，喷射沉积AlSiCuMg合金的硬度先增加后降低；随着时效温度的升高，合金硬度达到峰值所需时间分别为24 h (170℃)、2 h(185℃)和0.5 h (200℃)。合金经185℃时效0.5 h后，在位错处可观察到非均匀析出的细小针状θ″相。在(185℃, 2 h)峰时效状态下，析出相包含细针状θ″相和点状Q′相，同时存在粗针状θ′相。峰时效硬度约为91HRB，比挤压态提高了近72%。合金经185℃时效28 h后，θ′相体积分数明显增加。合金经185℃时效48 h后，析出相演变为粗大的板条状θ相和方块状Q相；过剩Si相开始析出，同时在与入射轴垂直的晶面上观察到包围Si相的粗大盘片状富Cu相。合金经185℃时效56 h后，θ相和Q相演变为粗大椭球状。合金的硬度下降至约80HRB。喷射沉积AlSiCuMg合金的时效析出惯序为：过饱和固溶体→GP区→θ″+Q′→θ′+Q′→θ+Si+Q′→θ+Si+Q。合金的峰值时效...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.