Grouped DCT precoding for PAPR reduction in optical direct detection OFDM systems

A new grouped precoding technique based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) is presented for peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction of optical intensity modulated/direct detection (IM/DD) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. The computational complexity of the scheme is reduced by at least about 15% compared with that of the ordinary DCT precoding scheme when the number of groups is 2. The PAPR with this method can be reduced by about 0.8 dB. Meantime, compared with original OFDM, the bit error rate (BER) performance of system is improved. So the proposed scheme for reducing PAPR is very effective in optical IM/DD OFDM systems.     

光OFDM系统中削波噪声的建模与研究

针对光正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中峰值平均功率比(PAPR)较高的缺点,研究了削波法降低PAPR的原理;根据这一原理,通过大量数据分析计算,建立了基于MQAM调制下光OFDM系统中的削波噪声模型;由所建立的模型,直接计算得出不同调制下光OFDM系统削波后的误符率。仿真结果表明,每种进制调制下,根据本文建立的削波噪声模型与OFDM具体系统模型仿真所得到的两条曲线基本吻合,并且这两条曲线在不同削波比下的最大均方误差(MSE)不超过1.26×10-2。这充分论证了所建立的削波噪声模型的可行性与适用性。     

A post-coding scheme for peak-to-average power ratio reduction in intensity modulated optical OFDM systems

An efficient post-coding strategy is proposed in this letter to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio （PAPR） of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） signals for optical intensity modulated direct detection （IM/DD） systems. The post-coding scheme based on discrete cgsine transform （DCT） is employed after the inverse fast Fourier transform （IFFT） in the transmitter to reduce the PAPR of OFDM signals. This method is different from the conventional pre-coding scheme which is employed before IFFT operation. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the new DCT post-coding strategy can significantly reduce the PAPR than the conventional pre-coding scheme. Meantime, the bit error rate （BER） performance of the proposed post-coding system can be improved compared with the conventional pre-coding scheme.     

The New Peak-to-Average Power Reduction Algorithm in the OFDM System

In this paper, we proposed a new peak-to-average power reduction (PAPR) algorithm of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system using block coding scheme and discrete cosine transform (DCT). We are using DCT to concentrate the energy of the original signal into a few coefficients. After the DCT data were fed into the IDFT, the output of signal of OFDM appeared to have uniform distribution. With the newly proposed schemes, that we founded those three important properties, the first property is the PAPR used be reduced by 9.4419 dB for BPSK mapper. The second property is the OFDM signals have capability of noise immunity and of error correction. And the third property is the effect of PAPR reduced can be implement by cascaded different method.     

基于DHT的光OFDM系统PAPR抑制算法

针对光OFDM系统存在高峰均功率比(PAPR),提出了一种基于离散哈特利变换(DHT)的选择映射抑制算法。采用快速哈特利逆变换(IFHT)代替传统的快速傅立叶逆变换(IFFT)和Hermi t i an对称算法,并结合非对称限幅法产生满足光OFDM系统要求的正、实值信号送入光纤信道。     

Performance of the deliberate clipping with adaptive symbolselection for strictly band-limited OFDM systems

The performance of the strictly band-limited OFDM systems with deliberate clipping is examined in terms of the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and the resultant bit error performance. The clipping is performed on the OFDM signals sampled at the Nyquist rate, followed by the ideal low-pass filter, Since the low-pass filter considerably enlarges the PAPR, there is a severe limitation in PAPR reduction capability. Thus, in order to achieve further reduction of the PAPR, the application of the adaptive symbol selection scheme is also considered. It is shown that the significant PAPR reduction with moderate complexity can be achieved by the combination of the clipping and the adaptive symbol selection. The price to be paid for PAPR reduction by this scheme is its performance degradation. The paper theoretically analyzes the bit error rate performance of the OFDM system with the Nyquist-rate clipping combined with the adaptive symbol selection, and considers the use of the forward error correction for compensation of the degradation. It is shown that even though the clipping scheme causes severe loss in required signal-to-noise ratio, the use of a powerful channel coding scheme such as turbo codes significantly alleviates the bit error rate performance degradation     

An Adaptive Clipping and Filtering Technique for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signals

In recent years, many peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction techniques have been proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. Among various techniques, the iterative clipping and filtering (ICAF) technique has been considered as a practical scheme, and widely used owing to its non-expansion of bandwidth, low computational complexity, and simplicity in implementation without receiver-side cooperation. However, the performance of conventional ICAF technique is degraded, because the same signals are iteratively clipped with a fixed clipping threshold (CT) in every clipping operation. In this paper, we analyze the performance of conventional ICAF technique, and then propose an adaptive ICAF scheme, which clips the signal with an adaptively modified CT in every clipping operation to achieve enhanced PAPR reduction of OFDM signals. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms the conventional scheme, in PAPR reduction of OFDM signals at the same number of iterations.     

Hartley变换OFDM调制的可见光通信研究

针对正交频分复用(OFDM)可见光通信系统中存在高峰均功率比的问题，将预编码与迭代限幅滤波技术相结合应用于Hartley变换OFDM调制的可见光通信系统中，并对传统的采用FFT/IFFT限幅滤波的OFDM系统进行改进。根据建立的FHT的可见光OFDM系统模型，分别比较了不同方案下系统的频谱利用率、PAPR和误码率等性能，并分析了离散余弦变换和Hadamard矩阵预编码对PAPR的抑制作用以及FFT/IFFT、DCT/IDCT和FHT/IFHT三种不同变换方案的滤波性能。结果表明:FHT的可见光OFDM系统比FFT的OFDM系统的计算复杂度低、频谱利用率高；DCT预编码技术在克服系统PAPR及提升系统误码性能上更具优势；FHT/IFHT迭代限幅滤波的误码性能优于FFT/IFFT和DCT/IDCT。      

A Low-BER Clipping Scheme for PAPR Reduction in STBC MIMO-OFDM Systems

Clipping is a simple scheme to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Further, it can be extended to space-time block coding (STBC) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) OFDM systems for the PAPR reduction. In the conventional clipping schemes for STBC MIMO-OFDM systems, the input symbols are first encoded and then clipped. In this paper, a new scheme is proposed, where the clipping operation is performed before space-time block coding. We theoretically prove that the proposed scheme has better bit-error rate (BER) performance while maintaining the same PAPR reduction as the conventional schemes. Additionally, we derive the symbol-error rate (SER) and BER expressions for the new scheme over multipath fading channels. The simulation results show a good match with our analysis.     

Adaptive PAPR Reduction Scheme for OFDM Using SLM with the Fusion of Proposed Clipping and Filtering Technique in Order to Diminish PAPR and Signal Distortion

One of the main disadvantages of multicarrier transmission is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal. If the highest transmitted power is confined by the application restrictions or regulatory, the result is to decrease the average power permitted under multicarrier transmission. Selected mapping (SLM) is a standard PAPR reduction scheme that is appropriate for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme as it realizes the performance of PAPR reduction without signal distortion. This paper proposes a method in order to handle the difficulties of high PAPR in OFDM scheme. The offered system is an arrangement of two distinguished methods, such as clipping and SLM. Compared to other hybrid methods, where the individual methods are implemented sequentially, this paper integrates the clipping method in the SLM procedure. This produces a supplementary PAPR reduction associated to the serial arrangement. Simulation results specify that the offered scheme acquires the performance of appropriate PAPR reduction with low computational complexity. The PAPR reduction at different number of subcarriers is analyzed and compared with the existing research work. The performance of relative energy efficiency has also been focused on this paper.

     

PAPR reduction for OFDM‐based visible light communication systems using proposed hybrid technique

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is utilized with visible light communication (VLC) systems to decrease the impacts of inter‐symbol interference and to achieve communication with high speed of data transmission and huge bandwidth. In any case, the main problem in OFDM‐based VLC systems is high peak‐to‐average power ratios (PAPRs). This paper proposes a hybrid PAPR reduction technique based on signal transformation combined with clipping. The Hadamard transform is used in the proposed technique to reduce the PAPR without affecting the bit error rate (BER) of the VLC systems. The optimum clipping threshold at which the PAPR is reduced simultaneously with the improvement the BER of the VLC systems is also determined. The performance of the proposed system is assessed in terms of complementary cumulative distribution function and the BER. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed procedure can simultaneously decrease the PAPR and achieve good BER performance compared to the OFDM‐based VLC system.     

OFDM系统中基于压缩感知恢复由限幅和HPA产生的非线性失真研究

正交频分复用（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM）系统的主要缺点之一就是有较高的峰均功率比（Peak to Average Power Ratio,PAPR）,降低了功率放大器（High Power Amplifier,HPA）的工作效率,同时HPA引入的非线性失真,恶化了系统的误比特率（Bite Error Rate,BER）性能.本文所提算法将限幅和HPA引入的非线性失真视为一个整体来考虑,利用与限幅噪声在时域上的近似稀疏性,对整个非线性过程进行建模.发送端通过限幅降低了OFDM信号的PAPR,在接收端,选取受噪声干扰小的可靠性观测向量,最小化信道噪声的影响,基于非线性模型计算得到的参数,利用压缩感知（Compressive Sensing,CS）算法能有效地恢复总的非线性失真信号,提升了系统的BER性能.     

A PAPR reduction technique using Hadamard transform combined with clipping and filtering based on DCT/IDCT for IM/DD optical OFDM systems

In Intensity Modulator/Direct Detection (IM/DD) optical OFDM systems, the high peak-to-power average ratio (PAPR) will cause signal impairments through the nonlinearity of modulator and fiber. In this paper, a joint PAPR reduction technique based on Hadamard transformation and clipping and filtering using DCT/IDCT transform has been proposed for mitigating the impairments in IM/DD optical OFDM system. We then experimentally evaluated the effect of PAPR reduction on the bit error rate (BER) performance and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique. At a bit error rate (BER) of 1 × 10⁻³, the receiver sensitivity of the proposed 2.5 Gb/s IM/DD optical OFDM system after 100-km standard single-mode fiber transmission has been improved by 0.8 dB, 1.3 dB and 3.1 dB for a launch power of 6.4 dBm, 8 dBm and 10 dBm respectively when compared with the classical system.     

面向5G三大应用场景的F-OFDM系统PAPR抑制算法研究

曾作为5G候选波形技术的基于子带滤波的正交频分复用(Filtered-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,F-OFDM)是基于正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)发展而来的,和OFDM一样存在峰值平均功率比(Peak to Average Power Ratio,PAPR)的问题。高PAPR的信号在发送时对系统功率放大器的性能要求很高,容易发生信号失真,并且会直接影响整个系统的运行成本和效率。为了提高F-OFDM系统在5G三大应用场景中的PAPR抑制性能,引入一种基于迭代限幅滤波的次优PTS抑制算法。该算法主要分为两个过程,先对F-OFDM系统的各子带的高PAPR值信号进行线性抑制,然后待各子带的信号经过各自的数字子带滤波器合并后再进行迭代限幅滤波处理,从而完成对F-OFDM信号PAPR的抑制。仿真表明,该算法相对于单独使用次优PTS算法或迭代限幅滤波算法,能提高F-OFDM系统的PAPR抑制性能。     

Performance Analysis of the Clipping Scheme with SLM Technique for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signals in Fading Channels

Since one of major problems of OFDM-based systems is high peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) of its transmitted signal, many PAPR reduction techniques and combined schemes with individual techniques have recently been developed. Among various techniques, the clipping technique has been widely used as a practical scheme owing to its low computational complexity and simplicity in implementation, while the selected mapping (SLM) technique is known to provide good PAPR reduction performance without signal distortion. Generally, the combined scheme of two PAPR reduction techniques, which are the clipping and the SLM, is expected to provide the enhanced performance of PAPR reduction, because the clipping noise of combined scheme would be less than that of single clipping technique, when the SLM technique is employed before clipping. However, the performance of clipping scheme with SLM technique has not been evaluated for practical systems over fading channels. In this paper, the performance of the clipping scheme with the SLM technique is theoretically analyzed and compared with simulation results over fading channels. The performance of combined scheme is analyzed with various clipping ratios, phase sets for SLM, and modulation schemes over flat and frequency selective fading channels. In addition, the effects of the clipping at the receiver and the oversampling on the BER performance are discussed. Based on the results of analysis, therefore, one can design the effective clipping scheme with the SLM technique for the PAPR reduction of OFDM-based systems.     

一种OFDM系统中PAPR的抑制算法

为降低正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中发射信号的峰值功率,提出了在一个OFDM符号内使用两种信号星座图对二进制数据进行编码,通过在各个子载波处选用合理的信号星座图来实现对峰值均值功率比(PAPR)的抑制。由于算法不改变现有OFDM系统的实现结构,在不影响OFDM中其它信号处理性能的条件下,仿真表明算法能有效地降低系统的峰值均值功率比。     

OFDM系统中基于限幅和压缩感知的非线性失真补偿算法

正交频分复用（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM）信号具有较高的峰均功率比（Peak to Average Power Ratio,PAPR）,不仅影响功率放大器（High Power Amplifier,HPA）的工作效率,而且HPA使得OFDM信号产生严重的非线性失真,导致系统的误比特率（Bite Error Rate,BER）增大.本文基于限幅和压缩感知（Compressive Sensing,CS）提出了改进的补偿算法,发送端采用限幅降低信号的PAPR,接收端首先采用改进的逆模型方式减小HPA引入的非线性失真,再采用CS抵消由限幅引入的信号失真.仿真表明,所提方法不仅明显降低了OFDM信号的PAPR,而且有效提高了系统的BER性能.     

基于分数阶Fourier变换减小OFDM系统PAPR的研究

介绍了基于分数阶Fourier变换的OFDM系统,给出了这种系统中经过变换后的信号的表达形式,探讨了该系统在不同的调制方式下（QAM调制和QPSK调制）使用Clipping算法降低系统PAPR的情况,并使用Matlab对不同阶数的CCDF进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,QAM调制下基于分数阶Fourier变换的Clipping算法性能不如基于傅立叶变换的Clipping算法好,而在QPSK调制方式下基于分数阶Fourier变换的OFDM系统PAPR性能比基于傅立叶变换的OFDM系统性能有了显著的提高。     

Adaptive multiple stage K-best successive interference cancellation algorithm for MIMO detection

In this study, we propose a novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm for joint peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. High PAPR not only complicates a distortion of a signal at the nonlinear high-power amplifier of a transmitter the design, but also in significant performance degradation. Tone injection (TI) scheme is a well-known PAPR reduction technique for OFDM systems. The key idea of the proposed method is a distortionless technique that can reduce PAPR significantly without data rate loss and does not require the extra side information. But unfortunately, in optimal TI-based OFDM systems, the PAPR reduction performance mainly requires an exhaustive search over all possible constellations, which is a hard optimization problem and potential problem for practical applications. To address this problem, an efficient scheme based on firefly algorithm is introduced to search over all combinations of possible permutations of the expanded constellation with low complexity and fast convergence. The simulation results reveal that our system can achieve good tradeoff between PAPR reduction performance and low computational complexity.     

OFDM系统中基于压缩感知的非线性失真恢复研究

正交频分复用系统(OFDM)的高峰均比(PAPR)问题降低了系统传输效率,增加了解调难度,使高功率放大器(HPA)满负载工作。该文针对削波与HPA引入的非线性失真问题,提出在接收端采取基于泰勒级数的预处理方式对非线性干扰进行处理,最小化信号畸变影响。在发送端通过削波降低信号的PAPR,并利用削波噪声在时域上的稀疏性特性,将传输过程作为整体考虑,最后利用正交匹配追踪算法(OMP)恢复总的非线性失真信号。仿真结果表明,该文所提方法能够有效抑制系统的干扰信号,减少了有用信号受到的非线性影响,验证了该方案的正确性。