经皮肺穿刺活检和经支气管肺活检对不同周围型肺病诊断价值的评价

目的 评估CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检(TNLB)和支气管镜下经支气管肺活检(TBLB)两种途径对肺部周围性病变诊断的有效性.方法 268例患者肺部CT表现为周围型肺病,其中108例接受CT引导下TNLB,160例接受TBLB.结果 TNLB和TBLB阳性率分别为65.7%和42.5%,对恶性病变的特异性均为100,0%,...     

经支气管镜穿刺针吸活检在鉴别诊断纵隔气管周围淋巴结病变中的价值

目的探讨经支气管镜穿刺针吸活检技术(TBNA)在鉴别诊断纵隔气管周围淋巴结病变中的应用价值。方法选择68例胸部CT或增强检查显示肺部肿块或纵隔气管周围淋巴结出现病变为研究对象,均行TBNA和经支气管镜超声引导针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA),以病理诊断结果或临床诊断为标准,比较TBNA、EBUS-TBNA的诊断价值。结果 68例患者中,病理及临床诊断恶性肿瘤50例,良性患者18例。TBNA诊断阳性51例(75%),其中恶性肿瘤38例,良性病变13例。EBUS-TBNA诊断阳性57例(83.82%),其中恶性肿瘤41例,良性病变16例;50例恶性肿瘤患者中,TBNA诊断阳性39例(78%),EBUS-TBNA诊断阳性45例(90%)。EBUS-TBNA诊断纵隔淋巴结病变灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值均明显高于TBNA;EBUS-TBNA诊断恶性肿瘤的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均明显高于TBNA。结论 TBNA能够明确肿瘤手术分期,在熟练掌握操作技术和定位的方法下,配合经纤维EBUS-TBNA,可以获得满意的效果。     

CT引导下经皮肺细针抽吸活检对肺周围性病变的诊断价值

目的 评价CT引导下经皮肺细针抽吸活检术在肺内病变中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析165例行CT引导下经皮肺细针抽吸活检术的肺内周围性病变资料.结果 经手术、病理及临床随访证实恶性肿瘤114例,良性病变51例.穿刺病理恶性108例,准确率为94.7%,假阴性6例,无假阳性;良性病变41例,准确率为80.4%,穿刺总准确率为90.0%.发生并发症11例,发生率为7.0%,其中气胸4例,少量肺出血2例,肋间神经痛1例.结论 CT引导经皮肺细针抽吸活检术是一种微创、准确度较高、并发症较少的有效检查方法,有助于肺部病变的诊断与鉴别诊断,具有较高的临床价值.     

经支气管镜肺活检联合肺泡灌洗对周围性肺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨经支气管肺活检(TBLB)联合支气管肺泡灌洗液(BAL)的脱落细胞学检测对周围性肺癌的诊断价值。方法对65例肺部占位可疑肺癌患者分别行经支气管肺活检,获取标本满意后再行病灶部位的局部肺泡灌洗,将收集的灌洗液及肺活检标本分别送病理室行细胞或组织的病理学检查。病理结果进行整理、分析,将联合检测(TBLB+BAL)结果的阳性率分别同单独的TBLB或BAL进行比较。结果 65例肺部患者中,TBLB确诊肺癌共32例,BAL确诊肺癌41例,联合检测(TBLB+BAL)确诊肺癌共52例,其中TBLB及BAL均找到癌细胞者共27例,TBLB结果阴性而BAL结果阳性者共20例。联合组阳性率(85.2%)高于单独应用组(TBLB 49.2%,BAL 63.1%,P<0.05)。结论经支气管肺活检联合支气管肺泡灌洗较单纯的支气管肺活检或肺泡灌洗能明显提高肺癌的诊断率,值得临床推广。     

多种活检在周围型肺癌诊断中的应用

目的研究CT引导下经皮肺活检（CT-PLB）与经支气管镜肺活检（TBLB）或经支气管针吸活检（TBNA）在周围型肺癌诊断中的应用。方法对143例周围型肺癌患者的诊断方法进行分析,其中137例通过单用或联合采用CT-PLB、TBLB、TBNA等检查手段取得病理学诊断,6例为术后病理学诊断。结果 CT-PLB确诊率为85.4%,TBLB确诊率为68.4%,TBNA确诊率为80%,联合应用总确诊率为95.8%。结论对于肺周围型病变,根据病灶大小、位置、与胸壁距离、有否纵隔淋巴结转移等具体情况选择合适的活检方式可取得病理学诊断,多种方法联合应用可提高检出率。     

CT定位后经支气管镜肺活检对周围型肺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨CT肺段定位后经支气管镜肺活检(TBLB)对周围型肺癌的诊断价值.方法 对35例疑似周围型肺癌患者参照CT肺段定位行TBLB.结果 确诊周围型肺癌18例(51.4％),腺癌8例,腺鳞癌2例,鳞癌6例,未定型2例;肺良性病变11例,其中非特异性炎7例(20％)、坏死性炎3例(8.5％),结核1例(2.8％),阴性6例(17.1％),总确诊率82.9％.结论 CT肺段定位后TBLB能显著提高周围型肺癌的诊断阳性率,安全且并发症少.     

模拟定位下经皮肺活检对周围型肺块影的诊断价值

目的 探讨肺部周围型病变经皮肺活检的诊断价值。方法 对痰细胞学阴性、纤支镜不能确诊的68例肺部周围型病变患者，在模拟定位下经皮肺穿刺活检取材。结果 68例均一次活检成功；64例获阳性结果，阳性率94％(64／68)；4例获阴性结果，阴性率6％(4／68)，其中3例为假阴性．假阴性率4．4％(3／68)。并发症发生率6％，少量气胸2例，术后咯血1例，术后胸痛及呼吸困难1例。结论 模拟定位下经皮肺活检是一种安全、有效的检查手段，对肺部周围型病变具有较高的诊断价值。     

EBUS-TBNA在肺和/或纵隔疾病中的诊断价值

目的探讨超声内镜引导下支气管针吸活检在肺和/或纵隔疾病的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院2014年01月-2017年06月接受超声内镜引导下支气管针吸活检(EBUSTBNA)或传统支气管针吸活检(c TBNA)检查的142例患者的医疗记录,对两组患者的病理学检查结果、阳性率、灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值进行统计分析。结果 EBUS-TBNA组77例患者共穿刺158组淋巴结,c TBNA组65例患者共穿刺134组淋巴结,EBUS-TBNA组的阳性率、灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值为:65.8%、86.1%、100%、87.0%、100%、33.3%,c TBNA组的阳性率、灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值为:41.8%、60.7%、100%、63.1%、100%、14.3%;两组患者对检查的耐受性均较好,未出现严重并发症;对影响病理阳性的因素行Logistic回归分析,发现病灶越大病理阳性率越高,穿刺次数越多,病理阳性率越高,EBUS-TBNA组较c TBNA组病理阳性率高。结论 EBUS-TBNA具有较高的诊断阳性率、灵敏度以及准确度,且未增加相关并发症,在肺和/或纵隔疾病诊断中具有更高的价值。     

超细支气管镜肺活检并刷检结合经皮肺自动弹性活检对肺周边病灶的诊断

目的评价经X线引导超细支气管镜活检并刷检,结合B超引导经皮肺自动弹性穿刺活检在肺周围型病变诊断中的价值。方法89例肺外周病变患者先进行X线引导超细支气管镜肺活检并刷检共110次,对于经超细支气管镜检未获得诊断的26例患者,再进行B超引导经皮肺自动弹性穿刺活检共32次。结果经超细支气管镜肺活检并刷检获得诊断者63例,诊断率70.8%。经皮肺自动弹性穿刺活检获得诊断者21例,诊断率80.08%。二者结合后的诊断率明显提高为94.4%。结论经X线引导超细支气管镜肺活检并刷检,结合B超引导经皮肺自动弹性穿刺活检,可明显提高肺外周病变的诊断率,值得临床推广应用。     

不同方式的经气管镜肺活检在肺周围型病变中的诊断价值

目的评估不同方式的支气管镜下肺活检对肺周围型病变诊断的诊断价值。方法分析湖北医药学院附属医院诊断为肺周围型病变原因待查的201例患者的临床资料,依据病变类型采取不同肺活检方式,其中126例接受常规支气管镜下经支气管肺活检(R-TBLB),75例接受气道内超声引导下经支气管肺活检(EBUS-TBLB)组,分析两种活检方法的诊断阳性率、并发症发生率及相关影响因素。结果 201例肺部周围型病变患者经TBLB获得明确诊断的总阳性率为57.7%,并发症发生率为9.5%。其中EBUS-TBLB组的诊断阳性率高于R-TBLB组,而其并发症发生率低于R-TBLB组,差异均有统计学意义。影响因素分析:在RTBLB组,气胸发生率与病灶范围相关;而在EBUS-TBLB组,活检阳性率与病灶大小及位置相关。结论不同方式的TBLB在不同类型的肺周围型病变均具有较高诊断价值,可作为其重要的诊断方法之一。     

The effect of lung biopsy on lung function in diffuse lung disease.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on lung function of lung biopsy used in the diagnosis of diffuse lung disease carried out by an open procedure or by video-assisted thoracoscopy. One hundred and sixteen patients with diffuse lung disease who attended the Royal Brompton Hospital were studied retrospectively. Thirty five patients underwent open lung biopsy, and 33 video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy and 48 had their diagnosis made without biopsy. All patients underwent lung function tests before and after surgery, or at an interval of 3-6 months in those who did not undergo biopsy. No significant differences were found in changes in lung function between those who had and had not undergone biopsy, and the proportions of patients whose lung function improved or deteriorated were similar. Lung biopsy by an open procedure or by video-assisted thoracoscopy did not differ in its effects on lung function. The results for older patients, those with severe disease and those with fibrosing alveolitis were the same as for the whole group. Open lung biopsy for the diagnosis of diffuse lung disease does not deleteriously affect lung function whether carried out by an open or a minimally invasive procedure.     

Indirect assessment of lung compliance in chronic lung diseases

The slope of the flow volume curves was analysed in 20 normal subjects 28 patients with irreversible chronic airway obstruction, 24 patients with bronchial asthma, 8 patients with diffuse interstitial fibrosis and 7 patients with extensive bronchiectasis. Time constant of the system was taken as the slope of the curve between 50 and 25% of the vital capacity. When considered along with plethysmographically obtained airway resistance, an indirect estimate of the lung compliance was obtained. Significant differences in the estimated lung compliance in the normal subjects, patients with obstructive lung disease or diffuse interstitial fibrosis were demonstrated.     

开胸肺活检对肺间质疾病的诊断价值

目的探讨开胸肺活检对肺间质疾病的诊断作用。方法对１９９３～１９９８年６月２４例开胸肺活检的肺间质疾病患者进行回顾性分析。结果２４例患者均获病理确诊,其中普通型间质性肺炎（ＵＩＰ）７例,闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎（ＢＯＯＰ）３例,结节病３例,弥漫性泛细支气管炎（ＤＰＢ）２例,肺结核２例。其他急性间质性肺炎（ＡＩＰ）、呼吸性细支气管炎伴肺间质病（ＲＢＩＬＤ）、肺组织细胞增生症Ｘ、炎性结节、多发性肺脓肿、肺组织炎症和肺泡细胞癌各１例。结论开胸肺活检作为一种诊断方法,能获得足够的肺组织,具有很高的敏感性和特异性,能明确病变的部位和程度。对常规和纤维支气管镜未能确诊的病例,尤其是一些罕见病和不典型的病例,具有较大的价值。     

Stimulation of lung growth in fetuses with lung hypoplasia leads to altered postnatal lung structure in sheep

Our objective was to describe the respiratory complications, clinical findings, and chest radiographic changes in the first year of life in infected and uninfected children born to HIV-1-infected women. We prospectively followed a cohort of 600 infants born to HIV-1-infected women from birth to 12 months in a multicenter study. Of these, 93 infants (15.5%) were HIV-1-infected, 463 were uninfected, and 44 were of unknown status prior to death or loss to follow-up. The cumulative incidence ( +/- SE) of an initial pneumonia episode at 12 months was 24.1 +/- 4.7% in HIV-1-infected children compared to 1.4 +/- 0.6% in HIV-1-uninfected children (P < 0.001). The rate of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was 9.5 per 100 child-years. The HIV-1 RNA load was not higher in the group that developed pneumonia in the first year vs. those who did not. Children who developed lower respiratory tract infections or PCP had increased rates of decline of CD4 cell counts during the first 6 months of life. Lower maternal CD4 cell counts were associated with higher rates of pneumonia, and upper and lower respiratory tract infections. The rates of upper respiratory tract infection and bronchiolitis/reactive airway disease in infected children were not significantly different than in uninfected children. At 12 months, significantly more HIV-1-infected than uninfected children had tachypnea and chest radiographs with nodular and reticular densities. There was no relationship between cytomegalovirus infection in the first year of life and radiographic changes or occurrences of pneumonia. In conclusion, despite a low incidence of PCP, rates of pneumonia remain high in HIV-infected children in the first year of life. The incidence of pneumonia in uninfected infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers is low. Chest X-ray abnormalities and tachypnea suggest that subacute disease is present in infected infants. Further follow-up is warranted to determine its nature.     

肺癌相关抗原检测对非小细胞肺癌的诊断意义

目的探讨肺癌相关抗原（lung tumor antigen LTA）在纤维支气管镜支气管肺泡灌洗液、胸水和血清中的检测结果对肺癌的临床诊断意义。方法收集72例非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancerNSCLC）伴胸腔积液患者和对照组68例肺部良性病变（benign lungdisease BLD）患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液、胸水及血清样本,运用LTA检测试剂用快速乳胶凝集法分别检测,并对所得数据进行统计分析。结果肿瘤组病人支气管肺泡灌洗液、胸水和血清的LTA检测阳性率分别为58％、67％和75％,对照组三者的阳性检出率分别为22％、17％和20％,两组比较均有明显差异（P〈0．05）。LTA阳性检出率以肿瘤组的血清样本最高,达75％。特异性以胸水样本最高,为82％。结论支气管肺泡灌洗液、胸水和血清IJTA检测对肺癌的诊断有一定的临床参考意义。     

Videothoracoscopic lung biopsy in the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is a diagnostic method, used with increasing frequency in recent years, in the diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases. There are significant differences in the diagnosis of diseases which are diagnosed with clinical, biochemical and radiological investigation and with pathological evaluation of material obtained by VATS. In our study, five patients with different clinical and VATS guided pathological diagnosis, were analyzed. VATS was applied to four patients with clinical and radiological diagnosis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (two patients) at the beginning and to another patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (Tbc) who was ARB positive and no regression could be achieved with anti-Tbc treatment at the third month. Clinical and pathological diagnosis was different in all patients. In a 22 year old female, who was thought to be lymphangioleiomyomatosis, was pathologically diagnosed as histiocytosis-X; in a 55 year old female, who was thought to be hypersensitivity pneumonitis, was diagnosed as sarcoidosis; in a 58 year old male, who was thought to be IPF, was diagnosed as nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Sixty-two year old patient with ARB positive pulmoner Tbc who had no clinical and radiological regression with three month anti-Tbc therapy, and 65 year old male patient who was thought to be IPF were diagnosed by VATS as bronchoalveolar carcinoma. In conclusion; VATS is one of the most important methods for definite diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases, in patients with interstitial involvement.     

肺移植供肺保存的现状与进展

肺移植是治疗终末期肺部疾病的唯一有效办法,但目前也是大脏器移植中最为复杂、难度最大的手术之一,仍然有许多相关问题尚待解决。供肺的保存便是其中之一,而且供肺保存成功与否,直接关系着移植手术的成功与失败。现就供肺的保存现状与进展综述如下。