MIMO阵列波束形成方法研究

相控阵雷达无法分辨一个波束宽度内的2个目标,多输入多输出(Multi-Input Multi-Output,MIMO)雷达阵列各阵元发射正交信号,提高了阵列系统的自由度,改善了雷达阵列系统分辨性能。文中给出了MIMO阵列相关滤波器组分离目标回波信号的原理框图,并进行了MIMO阵列常规波束形成器和最小方差无失真响应(MVDR)波束形成器理论分析和仿真实验。仿真结果表明,MIMO阵列比常规相控阵列具有更高的角度分辨率。     

非均匀采样率并发双频数字预失真技术

5G通信的高速发展对发射机支持多模式多频带并发有了新的需求。考虑非均匀采样率并发双频场景下发射机的线性化方案,针对低采样率频段失真频谱超过采样带宽,从而恶化建模精度这一问题,提出一种混叠消除的并发双频数字预失真(DPD)方案。该方案通过在高采样率下构造模型基函数,然后通过低通滤波器来滤除超出采样带宽的频谱分量,再降采样到实际的低采样率上,这样便消除了混叠频谱,能够保证足够的建模精度。为了验证提出的DPD方案,基于中心频点3.5 GHz的宽带Doherty功放搭建了实验测试平台,分别在3.42 GHz和3.57 GHz两个频带发送10 MHz和40 MHz的LTE信号,采用DPD方案后,两个频带邻近信道功率比(ACPR)指标分别改善11.3 dB和9.5 dB。     

窄带波束信道MIMO系统的容量分析

最近的研究表明,多输入多输出(MIMO)技术在不增加功率和带宽消耗的情况下具有大幅提高无线通信速率的潜力.在传统的MIMO系统(称为天线信道MIMO系统)中,多个接收天线的输出被直接选作多输出信号.提出了波束信道MIMO系统的结构.在波束信道MIMO系统中,多个波束的输出被选作多输出信号.基于阵列方向响应矢量,提出了窄带MIMO信道冲激响应矩阵的仿真算法.基于提出的信道冲激响应矩阵算法,给出了天线信道MIMO系统和波束信道MIMO系统容量极限的分析算法.理论分析和仿真结果都表明:波束信道能够提高信噪比(SNR),降低信道间的互相关性,因此波束信道MIMO系统比天线信道MIMO系统具有更大的容量极限.     

天线阵角分辨率准则的比较研究

对几种主要的角分辨率准则进行了综述及对比研究.首先分析了单目标的半功率点宽度(3 dB波束宽度),讨论了不同窗函数加权及波束扫描对波束宽度的影响,并比较了不同谱估计方法分辨率的定量公式.更一般地,对于双目标情形,分析了双目标谱均值与双目标中点谱值比较、目标测角均方差、目标分辨概率三种不同分辨率准则的应用范围及影响因素,推导了基于中值比较法的最小方差信号无畸变响应波束形成器(MVDR)角分辨率理论公式,计算机仿真实验证实了上述结果,并提出相应修正.     

基于PAPR的MIMO雷达单级传输波束形成设计研究

针对多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达波束设计问题,提出一种基于峰均功率比(PAPR)的单级传输波速-形成设计方法。首先,将MIMO雷达波束图型匹配问题公式化;然后,通过幂迭代有效处理PAPR约束,并计算权重矩阵和发射信号矩阵;最后,考虑用于系统模型的发射波束域,利用迭代完成MIMO雷达波束设计。数值实例分析结果表明,相比两级传输方法CMS,本文方法的信号具有较好的模糊度属性,在大型网格波束图型匹配方案中的计算负载显著减小。     

一种SC-FDE散射通信系统的MIMO技术方案

在使用2付发射天线、2付接收天线和2个发射频率的传统散射通信系统基础上,提出了一种应用于单载波频域均衡(SC-FDE)散射通信系统的多输入多输出(MIMO)技术方案,可以在保证4重分集的情况下提供2倍的数据传输速率。提出的MIMO技术方案只需在发射端增加2部发射机,不需改变接收机的射频支路结构,具有实现简单的优点。仿真表明,提出的MIMO技术方案在无信道编译码时的误比特率(BER)性能比相应的传统分集系统性能恶化约1.9dB,在进行(64,57)(64,57)Turbo乘积码编译码时的性能恶化只有1.6dB,因此,与使用单独的2套传统分集系统提供2倍的数据传输速率相比,分别具有1.1dB和1.4dB的功率增益,而且具有体积小、成本低的优点。     

多波束赋形在非正交多址接入技术中的应用研究

为解决非正交多址接入(NOMA)技术在毫米波Massive MIMO系统中用户的分组受限于基站波束宽度的问题,提出了一种能够产生指向多个方向的波束的波束赋形方案.基于该多波束波束赋形方案,建立了多小区多用户场景下的用户资源分配的数学模型.为降低计算的复杂性,采用两阶段的资源分配算法.在第一阶段中,在给定的功率分配条件下将模型转化为联盟博弈中联盟的生成问题,并提出一种通过迭代确定用户分组和天线单元分配的算法;在第二阶段中,通过将非凸的数学优化问题转化为DC规划问题,提出用户功率分配的算法.仿真结果表明,本文所提多波束波束赋形方案能够有效产生指向多个方向的波束,且所提资源分配算法能够有效提高系统的性能.     

基于AD8302的PA非线性补偿方案

正射频功率放大器是发射机系统中非线性最强的器件,特别是为了提高功率效率,射频功放基本工作在非线性状态,因此线性化功率放大器设计技术己成为线性化发射机系统的关键技术。由于调制方式的改变,导致射频发射端PA(Power-Amplifier)要求更高的线性度。由此,引入了DPD(Digital Pre-Distortion)技术来提高PA的AM-AM、AM-PM的线性度。在采用一般的DPD技术时,通常     

单脉冲测角技术在MIMO雷达不同布阵下的性能分析

本文研究了多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达系统波束形成和单脉冲测角问题。MIMO雷达利用分集技术,在发射端全向发射正交波形,在接收端利用DBF技术同时形成多个波束。本文推导不同接收方式下MIMO雷达波束的方向图函数,给出其半功率波束宽度计算公式。将数字单脉冲测角技术应用于MIMO雷达,通过不同布阵对测角精度进行分析,并与相控阵雷达测角性能进行比较。计算机仿真结果表明,在相同阵列情况下,MIMO雷达测角性能优于传统相控阵雷达。     

一种基于波束赋形的空分复用MIMO接收方案

提出一种基于波束赋形(BF)的空分复用多输入多输出(MIMO)接收方案,该方案兼具MIMO多流接收和 BF抗干扰的优点。针对平坦衰落信道,建立了基于空间相关的 BF-MIMO接收系统模型,推导出了系统接收误码率表达式,阐明了角度扩展与系统抗干扰性之间的关系。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该接收方案在小角度扩展条件下较普通 MIMO 系统具有更优的抗干扰和误码率性能。     

Adaptive Digital Feedback Predistortion Technique for Linearizing Power Amplifiers

We have developed a new adaptive digital predistortion (DPD) linearization technique based on analog feedback predistortion (FBPD). The lookup-table-based feedback input can remove the bandwidth limitation of the feedback circuit related to the loop delay, and suppress feedback oscillation by accurate digital control of the feedback signal. Moreover, the predistortion (PD) signal can be extracted very efficiently. By combining the feedback linearization and DPD linearization techniques, the performance of the predistorter is enhanced significantly compared to the conventional DPD. To clearly visualize the characteristics of digital FBPD (DFBPD), we have compared it to the conventional DPD based on the recursive least square algorithm using Matlab simulation. The results clearly show that the new method is a good linearization algorithm, better than a conventional DPD. For the demonstration, a Doherty power amplifier with 180-W peak envelope power is linearized using the proposed DFBPD. For a 2.14-GHz forward-link wideband code-division multiple-access signal, the adjacent channel leakage ratio at 2.5-MHz offset is -58 dBc, which is improved by 15 dB at an average output power of 43 dBm     

数字电视发射机功放的预失真技术研究

介绍了一种可识别HPA记忆效应的数字预失真器的结构、特点,以Hammerstein预失真器为例仿真了可识别功放记忆效应的基带数字预失真器,并在数字电视发射机功放线性化中加以应用,结果表明记忆效应预失真结构应用在数字电视发射机功放的线性化中可以取得令人满意的效果.     

逆F类高效氮化镓Doherty射频功率放大器设计*

逆F 类功放在接近饱和区工作时效率很高,将其与Doherty 功放结构相结合,可以实现一种在大功率回退的情况下仍然具有很高效率的射频功率放大器。本文设计了一款基于GaN HEMT 晶体管的高效率的逆F 类Doherty 功率放大器,工作频带为910MHz-950MHz。单音信号测试结果显示,在930MHz 处,功放回退7.5dB 后漏极效率仍高达64.2%。使用3 载波WCDMA信号作为测试信号,利用数字预失真技术进行线性化后,功放输出信号的上下边带邻信道功率比(ACPR)分别为-35.39dBc 和-35.9dBc。     

Independent Turbo Coding and Common Interleaving Method among Transmitter Branches Achieving Peak Throughput of 1 Gbps in OFCDM MIMO Multiplexing

This paper proposes a common interleaving method associated with independent channel‐encoding among transmitter antenna branches in orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing based on multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) multiplexing to achieve an extremely high throughput such as 1 Gbps using a 100 MHz bandwidth. This paper also investigates the average packet error rate performance as a function of the average received signal energy per bit‐to‐background noise power spectrum density ratio (Eb/N0). We found that the loss in the required average received Eb/N0 of the proposed method is only within approximately 0.3 dB in up to a 12‐path Rayleigh fading channel, using 16QAM and Turbo coding with a coding rate of 5/6. We also clarify that even for a large fading correlation among antenna branches, 1 Gbps is still possible by increasing the transmission power. Therefore, the proposed method reduces the processing rate to 1/4 in the turbo decoder with only a slight loss in the required average received Eb/N0.     

Performance improvement for a WCDMA radio over fiber system using digital pre-distorter

In this paper, a Radio Over Fiber (ROF) system with a Digital Pre-Distorter (DPD) for WCDMA signal transmission is investigated. A Look-Up Table (LUT) based DPD and a Memory Polynomial (MP) DPD are applied in the ROF link so as to suppress the out-of-band spurious spectrum and improve the transmission performance. The experimental results show that the out-of-band emission due to existence of the third-order Inter-Modulation Distortion (IMD3) is obviously suppressed by these two DPD. An Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) improvement of 8 dB is obtained for a single-carrier WCDMA signal transmission. These two DPD have equal ability in linearization of the ROF system for a three-carrier WCDMA signal transmission. There is no apparent memory effects exist in the ROF link.     

3.6-GHz eight-antenna MIMO array for mobile terminal applications

This paper studies an eight-antenna multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) array owning a wide bandwidth to cover the 3.6-GHz (3400–3800 MHz) band for modern mobile terminal applications. The developed eight-antenna array consists of two four-antenna sub-arrays having slight different physical dimensions. The antenna elements are all based on the stepped impedance resonator (SIR) structure, which are positioned along the two long borderlines of the ground plane in the mobile terminal. A wider bandwidth can be realized by properly choosing the electrical length ratio and impedance ratio of the SIR structure, and the system performance can be consequently improved. The measured results of the fabricated prototype show that the value of the return loss is larger than 10 dB and the value of the inter-element isolation is more than 11.7 dB within the entire 3.6-GHz band. Furthermore, the envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) between arbitrary two antenna elements is smaller than 0.1 for the developed eight-antenna MIMO array. Design details of the MIMO array as well as the simulated and experimental results will be given and discussed.     

K频段自适应前馈行波管放大器设计

空间通信系统高保真转发对大功率行波管放大器的线性化度提出了更高的要求.针对高频段和大功率应用,基于预失真和前馈线性化技术,设计了一种K频段50 W自适应前馈线性化行波管放大器,介绍了其基本原理和参数,研究了前馈双检波电路结构及并行变步长的组合自适应控制算法.在K频段400 MHz带宽内,实现了输入功率20 dB大动态调...     

基于循环平稳特性的欠采样宽带数字预失真研究

为了解决行波管(TWT)宽带数字预失真(DPD)中反馈回路ADC采样率过高的问题，该文利用信号的循环平稳特性证实可通过欠采样下的输出信号估计功放的非线性模型参数，然后由功放非线性模型参数和输入信号可恢复出与高采样率下效果相似的功放输出信号，最后通过传统的间接学习结构对功放进行数字预失真以实现行波管的线性化。为了验证该方法，利用20 MHz LTE信号驱动一只55 W的X波段行波管放大器(TWTA)。数字预失真反馈回路的ADC采样率从61.44 Msps降低至6.144 Msps和3.072 Msps，但线性化效果变化不大，表明欠采样方法是有效的。     

An adaptive digital predistortion for compensating nonlinear distortions in RF power amplifier with memory effects

In this paper, an adaptive digital predistortion based on a memory polynomial model is proposed in order to linearize the power amplifier with memory effect. The coefficients of the power amplifier model have been extracted using a least square method and those of predistortion have been identified by applying an indirect learning structure. Finally, the performance of digital predistortion has been demonstrated using the simulation of the power amplifier and the digital predistortion excited by a modulated 16 QAM signal in Matlab software. According to the simulation results, the criterion of adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) declined by around 15 dB and the input/output power spectrum density of the power amplifier has quite similar curves. The linearized power amplifier output spectrum demonstrates the superiority of the proposed predistorter in eliminating the spectral regrowth which is caused by the memory effect in comparison to the other linearization methods.     

基于防撞雷达的分集相控阵设计方法

常规相控阵雷达通过移相发射空间合成的相参信号形成能量聚集的天线方向图,由于收发天线复用因此所合成的天线孔径要低于收发分置的MIMO雷达。该文首先通过理论推导MIMO雷达在探测性能上和相控阵雷达的一致性及区别,指出MIMO雷达的实质优势在于发射波束的数字赋形。然后设计一种基于防撞雷达的分集相控阵,发射端采用相控体制,接收端采用DBF数字波束形成,通过分析移相器位数对该雷达性能的约束,证明在指定波束指向上该雷达在避免产生正交信号的前提下能达到和MIMO雷达相同的虚拟孔径性能。最后通过计算机仿真,验证该方法的有效性和可行性。采用该雷达体制在保证合成波束宽度的前提下,能有效降低接收通道数,从而有效降低雷达成本并提高通道一致性。