我国高层建筑应追求健康发展

一、高层建筑的主要特点高层建筑的基本特征在于“高”。“高”决定了高层建筑建设规模大、功能综合性强、体量大、能耗大、人容量大 ,交通复杂 ,决定了高层建筑对城市规划、城市设计、城市生活、社区、人口分异、社会就业和房地产市场经济以及社会群体和个人的环境心理行为等方面的较大的影响。然而“高度”是一个相对概念。按照美国高层建筑和城市环境协会 (ＣＴＢＵＨ)对高层建筑的定义 ,高层建筑是一种其高度强烈地影响其规划、设计、构造和使用的建筑。高层建筑是一种它的高度会产生不同于某一时期某一区域的“普通”(ｃｏｍ ｍｏｎ)建…     

高层建筑与城市空间关系

在城市的整体环境中，高层建筑的开发建设与城市景观和城市空间密切相关。它反映着当代城市的结构和特征，反映了先进的工艺技术以及建筑与经济的紧密关系。 就城市空间的影响而言，对高层建筑的实际作用有……     

看国外"经营"郊区城市

随着市场经济的深入发展,城市的建设、发展和管理手段也在悄然变化着。仅仅依靠传统的城市建设和管理模式已远远不能满足城市现代化的需要。“经营城市”是目前国际上比较通行的城市规划、建设和管理的一种理论和实践模式(国外也称为“城市营销”)。它作为一种新的城市建设和管理模式,在我国一些城市正在积极探索并取得可喜的成效。郊区是城市发展的重要组成部分,通常占城市很大的面积,资源丰富,有着广阔的投资发展空间和巨大的发展潜力。随着交通条件的改善,郊区也将成为人们生活的首选。因此,郊区的“经营”应当成为“经营城市”的一个重…     

“诊脉”高楼防火聚焦公共消防安全

目前，全国共有高层建筑9．8万余幢，其中100米以上的高层建筑1154幢。近几年，随着城市建设的飞速发展，作为“山城”，高楼大厦在重庆更是鳞次栉比随处可见。有数据显示，重庆全市的高楼已远远超出了3320幢，高楼总数在全国居于前列。但是，目前全市。消防装备仍滞后于城市发展，高层建筑的防火工作必须立足于自防自救!     

专题研究

伦敦高层建筑规划指引 高层建筑对全球化时代的城市起着不可缺少的作用。优秀的高层建筑通过自身形象的塑造，单一或成群地出现在城市中心区或城市滨水地带，成为城市主要的标志性建筑，重新塑造了城市天际轮廓线，改善了城市形象，并且对提高城市竞争力有重要的影响。高层建筑作为一种特殊的建筑形态，与一般建筑有着不同的特点：投资数额大（相对同面积的低层建筑而言）、只能一次建成、对周边的建成环境形象的影响巨大、对公共交通设施的要求苛刻等。所以在考虑高层建筑问题的时候，必须对它的选址、定位、社会经济效应和交通等因素进行详细的分析。在我国的北京、上海、深圳，甚至其他一些新兴的大中型城市，都有通过高层地标建筑的建设来提升城市形象的趋势，但这些城市对高层建筑的建设似乎还缺乏战略上的全面考虑。本专题希望通过介绍英国大伦敦政府对高层建筑规划指引的研究动向，使我国的城市建设实践有所借鉴。     

北海:跨越"数字鸿沟"--"数字北海"建设总体设计研究

二十一世纪是知识经济的世纪．数字化浪潮已席卷全球。北海市应全力推进“数字城市”的建设，以新的发展思路，以“数字城市”的建设来促进城市信息化的发展进程；带动工业化．为我国“数字城市”的建设做出积极的贡献。”数字北海”建设总体设计研究根据北海市各部门业务流程及其对数据分析需求，遵循系统工程与知识工程的基本原则，构建一个现代化的城市信息化系统．形成一个保证供给、便利安全、节能环保、优雅舒适的城市数字化人居环境．步入数字化、智能化的先进行列是“数字北海”建设实施内容及总体设计的根本宗旨。     

"经营城市"出现的误区及其避免

作为城市建设的新理念，“经营城市”目前正被越来越多的城市政府所重视并实践．但是，在经营城市的探索过程中，不少地方无论是在认识上还是在实践上还存在一些误区，需要加以澄清并避免。     

CBD现象的启示与高层建筑的近地空间

以城市设计的视角,结合当今流行的“CBD现象”,分析了当前大城市中心区建设与改造过程中暴露出的问题,并指出高层建筑近地空间与城市空间相结合的必要性。希望通过高层建筑近地空间与城市空间的结合,使高层建筑与城市从功能以及环境等各个方面得以整合,达到城市可持续发展的目标。     

"礼"与"理"的世界--中国近现代城市转型批判

中国近现代城市发展史是一部“礼”与“理”的世界接触、较量、交融的历史．是两种不同城市哲学．激烈碰撞的过程该文对于“礼”世界中的城市规范、“理”与近现代城市发展进行阐述．扼要分析和比较两种不同城市哲学的内涵、差异以及在城市转型中的作用。进而指出近代以来,基于科学理性的社会发展观相当程度排斥了对具有深刻人文价值的传统文化的认知、研究和传承城市建设中,缺乏对“理”的深度认识导向盲目的、粗劣的模仿;而缺乏对“礼”的认知导向的是对历史的无知和历史遗产的践踏、对城市机械性的建设以及对人性的轻蔑。文章最后强调“礼”世界的精神价值和人文内涵在现代中国城市发展理论建设中的不可忽视性。     

切实做好"经营城市"这篇新文章

经营城市是指将经营理念贯穿于城市规划、建设、管理全过程的一种新的现代城市管理思路。在城市规划、建设、管理和经营的大系统中,规划是龙头,建设是基础,管理是关键,经营是灵魂。按照经营城市的基本思路,传统城市管理常说的“三分建设、七分管理”还应补上一句自始至终贯穿经营思想,变成“三分建设、七分管理、十分经营”。也就是要在城市规划、建设和管理的全过程中,注重把城市的有形资本和无形资本,特别是稀缺     

高层建筑的生态设计策略研究

尽管高层建筑在城市环境中带来一些负面影响,但是从本质上讲,高层建筑并不是一种反生态的建筑形式;相反,由于它能有效地利用资源,减少对土地的侵占,在这个意义上高层建筑本身可以说是一种绿色生态的建筑形式。本文从三个层面：城市的宏观层面、建筑本身的营运系统的中观层面、建筑室内环境的微观层面提出了高层建筑的生态设计策略。     

信息化背景下对我国城市总体规划的反思

文章分析了目前总体规划在信息化背景下存在的问题，并进步研究信息化影响下总体规划在城市功能布局、城市空间、城市职能和城市产业结构方面的变化。最后从总体规划的空间布局原则、总体规划与社会经济发展相结合、总体规划的技术经济指标体系、利用信息技术提高总体规划的设计水平等方面讨论了信息化背景下的城市总体规划。     

A wind-tunnel study on diffusion from urban major roads

We evaluate the performance of reduced-scale wind-tunnel experiments that simulate vehicle-induced pollutant diffusion in urban roadside area. From Japanese urban areas, we selected four sites that cover a wide range of road structures, building density, and roadside features. At each site, four field stations were installed to monitor concentration of air pollutants including nitrogen oxides (NOx). In the wind-tunnel experiments, ethane was emitted from along the major roads, and its concentration was compared with the background-subtracted field values. For annual average of NOx in the year 2006, we found that an appropriately normalized concentration agreed fairly well between wind-tunnel and field measurements. The wind-tunnel concentration distribution measured at a high spatial resolution revealed that roadside features such as tall buildings, noise barriers, and trees have considerable effect on the concentration on the downwind or upwind side of the roads. The high-resolution results are expected to serve as a useful database for evaluating numerical air pollution models.     

Characteristics of aerodynamic forces and pressures on square plan buildings with height variations

Many studies on reducing across-wind responses of tall buildings have been investigated, mainly focusing on the effect of corner shape. And it is also known that changing section along the height through tapering or set-back could reduce across-wind responses of tall buildings. In this paper, to investigate the mechanism of aerodynamic force reduction, the wind tunnel tests for fluctuating pressure and fluctuating force were carried out. Two models with different tapering ratio of 5% and 10%, one set-backed model and one prototype square prism with side ratio of unity were employed under two typical boundary layers which represent suburban and urban flow condition. It is concluded that tapering or set-back helps to reduce the mean drag force and the fluctuating lift force. Reduction ratio increases as tapering ratio increases, and the set-backed model is more effective to reduce the fluctuating lift force than the tapered model with identical surface area, reducing the coefficients about 40% in suburban flow condition. And by tapering and set-back, the power spectra of wind pressures at sideward surface become wideband and the peak frequencies depend on height, which makes the correlation near the Strouhal component low or even negative.     

《建筑日照计算参数标准》中几个问题的讨论

随着国内商品化住宅的发展和城市用地限制,各地住宅高度不断提高,高层住宅已经成为主要的住宅形式,甚至在某些大城市超高层住宅也已经出现,由于日照问题造成的采光权纠纷也屡屡发生,日照问题成为城市规划和建筑设计中需要重点突出考虑的一个问题。本文结合《建筑日照计算参数标准》报批稿的相关条文,对日照分析中比较关注的日照建模、日照参数设置、日照计算结果和误差等问题进行了解析和讨论。     

Aerodynamic interference effects of a proposed taller high‐rise building on wind pressures on existing tall buildings

When a large super high‐rise building taller than the surrounding tall buildings is built in a dense urban area, the aerodynamic interference effects of the surrounding buildings on the proposed building attract much attention, while the interference effects of the taller high‐rise building on the nearby existing buildings are often ignored. Based on a series of wind tunnel tests, the interference effects of a proposed taller high‐rise building, an adjacent equal‐height partner building, and relatively short background buildings on the target building's local wind pressures are analysed in this paper. Two‐dimensional numerical simulation are carried out to further understand the interference mechanism in some cases. The test results show that the influence of a nearby proposed taller high‐rise building may lead to wind‐induced damage on the interfered shorter buildings' envelopes. The envelope structures of other surrounding buildings facing the side of the proposed building need to be given more attention.     

Bending and torison of doubly symmetric core shear walls

A theoretical and experimental investigation of the flexural and torsional properties of doubly symmetric core shear walls, with lintel beams providing bracing across the openings at each storey level, is described. Such structures are used in tall buildings to support gravity loads and to resist horizontal forces induced by wind and earthquakes. The theoretical model developed is based on an equivalent closed section and is consistent with established open section and closed section behaviour at the two extremes of bracing. For intermediate bracing, the model incorporates the influences of bending and shear deformation of the bracing beams, out-of-plane bending of the side walls and continuousshear flow around the contour of the assumed equivalent closed section. The theoretical model is validated by a series of tests on perforated aluminium tubes, covering a wide range of lintel beam and effective side wall stiffnesses. The results indicate clearly that side wall distortion can reduce the torsional stiffness of such sections very significantly.     

谈小区室外排水设计

对位于坡地的低层住宅小区、具有大型连片地下车库的高层、低层和多层住宅小区的室外排水要点进行了探讨,提出小区室外排水设计可采用一些变通方式,对小区室外排水进行灵活的设计,同时应在设计中贯彻环保的理念,以促进城市水系统健康运行。     

The Mayor and the World City Skyline: London's Tall Buildings Debate

Political leaders are renowned for their attempts to leave their impression on the urban landscape. Ken Livingstone's period in office as mayor of London has been marked by his attempts to substantially increase the number of tall buildings in the city. This paper examines some of the debates that have erupted between conservationist bodies (including the very influential English Heritage) and the mayor, developers, and several London boroughs including the City of London Corporation over proposed new skyscrapers. It considers where the power to shape London's aesthetics lies, and whether this is, or can be, democratically accountable.     

Assessing the impact of proposals for tall buildings on the built heritage: England's regional cities in the 21st century

In recent years increasing numbers of new tall buildings have been proposed across the world leading to growing concern amongst heritage bodies about their potential impact on the fabric of cities generally and upon the built heritage in particular. Tall buildings are defining 21st century urban growth by their sheer size and numbers. Decision-makers are responding to the challenges of tall buildings in a variety of ways on a spectrum that ranges from outright opposition to wholehearted embrace. The impact of tall buildings on the built heritage is one particular challenge that is addressed through conservation planning mechanisms. Conservation planning attempts to regulate the rate and direction of physical change through a framework of policies and controls. The assessment of proposals reflects that conservation planning is a multi-scaled political negotiation related to mechanisms of protection.The research focused on how the potential impacts of tall building proposals on the built heritage are regulated and assessed. The aim of this research has been to examine the tools and practices of assessing the impact of tall building proposals on the built heritage. This paper explores four case studies of tall buildings in England (Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham and Newcastle-upon-Tyne) and the assessment processes involved during decision making. The research showed that the effectiveness of techniques for regulating and assessing tall building proposals depends upon the local context for decision making. There was evidence that regulatory frameworks led to tall buildings being banned in certain locations, yet it remained crucial to maintain an active conservation policy and a capacity to assess proposals. The effectiveness of specific regulatory frameworks and assessment techniques reflects the tensions and tradeoffs, which occur around development in each location. However, characterisation studies are found to prove their worth in providing a robust basis for development control of tall buildings.