Q235钢表面熔盐电镀铝及其耐蚀性的研究

将Q235钢试样分别经150℃的AlCl3-NaCl-KCl熔盐和800℃的Al和NaCl-KCl熔盐处理后，可在试样表面获得电镀铝层。对电镀铝层的耐蚀性进行了研究，结果表明，无论是低温电镀还是高温电镀，电镀铝层的厚度都随电流密度的增大和电镀时间的延长而增加，镀层厚度和电镀时问的平方根呈线性关系，而且其耐蚀性得到显著的提高。     

钢基电镀铝层阳极氧化处理后的组织结构和性能

用扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射分析（XRD）测定了Q235钢上电镀铝层在硫酸溶液中不同时间阳极氧化处理后的组织结构和表面形貌，并对其硬度和耐蚀性能进行了测试。结果表明：电镀铝层经不同时间阳极氧化处理后，表面由非晶态Al2O3相和Al相组成，其上存在有纳米级的孔洞。随着氧化时间的延长，非晶态Al2O3相增多，Al相减少，氧化膜厚度增加，表面孔洞尺寸增大；氧化膜的硬度呈现先增加后降低，最后趋于稳定，且都显著高于电镀铝层的硬度。并且电镀铝层经阳极氧化处理后，在3．5％NaCl溶液中的电化学耐蚀性能大幅度增加，但随着阳极氧化处理时间的延长，电镀铝层的耐蚀性能降低。     

微弧氧化处理对Q235钢电镀铝层相结构和性能的影响

用AlCl3-NaCl-KCl低温熔融盐体系在Q235钢表面上获得了电镀铝层,并对电镀铝层进行微弧氧化处理。用扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析仪观察和测定了微弧氧化层的表面形貌和相结构,并对其硬度和耐蚀性能进行了测试。结果表明：Q235钢表面上的电镀铝层经不同时间的微弧氧化处理后,其表面形貌与铝及其合金经微弧氧化处理后的相似,为多孔熔融凝固形貌。经30min的微弧氧化处理后,其电镀铝层表面除了存在Al相之外,还出现了-γAl2O3相。经不同时间微弧氧化处理后,电镀铝层的表面硬度和在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学耐蚀性能均得到了较大程度的提高,且随微弧氧化时间的延长硬度增加,而电化学耐蚀性能先增加而后降低,最佳处理时间为20min。     

钢基电镀铝层阳极氧化处理后的组织结构和性能

用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射分析(XRD)测定了Q235钢上电镀铝层在硫酸溶液中不同时间阳极氧化处理后的组织结构和表面形貌,并对其硬度和耐蚀性能进行了测试.结果表明:电镀铝层经不同时问阳极氧化处理后,表面由非品态Al2O3相和Al相组成,其上存在有纳米级的孔洞.随着氧化时间的延长,非晶态Al2O3相增多,Al相减少,氧化膜厚度增加,表面孔洞尺寸增大;氧化膜的硬度呈现先增加后降低,最后趋于稳定,且都显著高于电镀铝层的硬度.并且电镀铝层经阳极氧化处理后,在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学耐蚀性能大幅度增加,但随着阳极氧化处理时间的延长,电镀铝层的耐蚀性能降低.     

碳钢热浸扩散渗铝工艺及高温氧化性能的研究

以Q235较理想的热浸镀铝工艺参数为基础,通过二元正交回归试验方法,研究得出较理想的高温扩散渗铝工艺参数,即扩散温度950 ℃,时间6 h.最优工艺参数下表面铝层和扩散铝层的共同厚度为32.8 μm,铁铝化合物的平均厚度为16.8 μm.同时对热浸扩散渗铝试样进行了900 ℃×100 h高温氧化研究,结果表明,采用最优化工艺参数扩散渗铝,所得扩散渗层分布均匀,抗高温氧化性能显著提高.     

电流密度对碳钢微弧氧化层耐液态铅铋腐蚀性能的影响

目的提高碳钢耐液态Pb-Bi耐腐蚀性能。方法采用熔钎焊的方法,对6061铝合金和Q235钢进行搭接焊,焊后采用微弧氧化技术在焊接接头制备微弧氧化陶瓷层,将其放入350℃的高温液态Pb-Bi中进行300h静态腐蚀试验。结果选用钨极氩弧焊机,用ER4043焊丝作为钎料,通过调节焊接参数,在焊接电流为85 A、焊接速度为140 mm/min的参数下,铝层与Q235钢的结合强度达到182 MPa,金属间化合物厚度为7.3μm。在2 g/L KOH+4 g/L Na2Si O3·9H2O的电解液中进行微弧氧化试验,放电孔洞直径和数量随着电流密度的增大而增加。通过对比发现,在10A/dm2下生成的氧化膜层厚度适宜,同时致密性较好,陶瓷层由γ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3组成。经过静态腐蚀后,Q235碳钢母材试样表面被明显腐蚀,而Q235钢微弧氧化后的试样则有较好的耐腐蚀性能,其中10 A/dm2电流密度参数下制得的氧化膜层耐蚀性能最优。结论微弧氧化陶瓷膜层可显著提高材料在高温液态Pb-Bi合金中的耐腐蚀性能,且膜层致密性和厚度会影响其对材料的保护作用。     

Q235钢铬铝共渗及耐高温氧化性

为提高Q235钢的耐氧化性和耐蚀性，进行了渗铬和渗铝，在此基础上进行了铬铝共渗。用光学显微镜、透射电镜和电子探针研究了渗层的显微组织、相结构及成分分布．结果表明，渗剂成分为93％Cr、7％Al时，经1100℃×16h共渗后，渗层表面铬、铝含量分别为18％和8．2％；表层组织为（Cr，Fe）23C6＋AlFe3C0.69，里层为α－Fe（Cr，Al），渗层具有较高的耐高温氧化性和抗蚀性。     

表面铝含量对渗铝Q235钢组织和性能的影响

用粉末渗铝法在Q235钢表面上获得了不同铝含量的渗铝层,并对其表面组织和性能进行了分析.结果表明,当表面铝含量为2.6%时,试样表面未形成连续的渗铝层;当铝含量≥4.4%时,表面均形成了连续的渗铝层.当表面铝含量≤4.4%时,试样表面仅由含铝的α相固溶体组成;而含铝量达到36.2%时,表面由α相固溶体与AlFe相组成.随着表面铝含量的增加,试样的硬度和抗高温氧化性能增加.当表面铝含量为2.6%时,其抗高温氧化性能仍比不含铝的高;而当铝含量为51.2%时,其抗高温氧化性能与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢相同.     

渗N对Q235钢耐铝液腐蚀性能的影响

为提高钢铁在铝液中的抗腐蚀性,对Q235钢进行表面渗N,并测量腐蚀质量损失、观察腐蚀形貌和腐蚀层物相分析,研究渗N对Q235耐铝液腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,渗N层与铝液的润湿性较差,能减缓过渡层在铝液中剥落和溶解,使腐蚀形式由剥落腐蚀向均匀溶解转变,大幅度减缓钢基体的腐蚀速率。腐蚀时间小于3h,渗N层完整存在,能有效保护钢基体,提高了Q235钢的耐铝液腐蚀性能。     

碳钢熔-钎焊层表面微弧氧化陶瓷层的制备

目的 在碳钢表面制备结合强度较高的微弧氧化陶瓷层。方法 采用铝-钢熔钎焊技术,在Q235钢表面获得具有较高结合强度的铝层,再通过微弧氧化在铝层表面生成氧化物陶瓷层。结果 通过添加ER4043焊丝作为钎料,金属间化合物层主要由[Al,Fe,Si]相、Al8Fe2Si相和少量的Al13Fe4相组成,平均厚度为7 μm,铝层与Q235钢的结合强度达到181 MPa。在2 g/L KOH+4g/L Na2SiO3?9H2O电解液中,陶瓷层由疏松层和致密层组成,主要成分为α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3,且γ-Al2O3相含量较高,微弧氧化过程中电解液中的氧、硅元素都参与了反应。微弧氧化过程中,陶瓷层厚度随着时间的增加而增加,20 min后,试样表面放电孔洞呈“火山口”状,孔洞孔径随着时间的增加而增加。不同频率下,陶瓷层表面均存在少量裂纹,并且裂纹都产生在“火山口”状放电孔洞附近,同时随着频率的增加,陶瓷层表面孔洞孔径减小,陶瓷层厚度增加,但当频率到达600 Hz后,陶瓷层厚度变化不再明显。结论 采用铝-钢熔钎焊技术,铝层与钢基体结合强度远高于其他复合技术中铝层和钢基体的结合强度,对于解决钢铁材料表面微弧氧化陶瓷层容易剥落的问题具有一定的意义。微弧氧化过程中,陶瓷层厚度不断增加,提高微弧氧化频率,陶瓷层致密性提高。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.