基于硬件虚拟化的云服务器设计与实现

随着互联网服务、大数据、云计算的兴起,云服务器渐成需求主流。相对于传统基于虚拟机的解决方案,基于硬件虚拟化的云服务器因减少了软件的花销能更好地实现高效能、按需简约,能更好地满足云计算的需求。与传统云服务器相比,该服务器的特点是高密度、高效能成本比、高效能功耗比和高可扩展性。本文介绍了云服务器按需配置的设计理念、分布式硬件资源共享的系统结构和硬件资源虚拟化的方法。设计并实现了一个基于硬件虚拟化的16个处理器的云服务器原型系统。在该系统中,基于现场可编程门阵列（Field programmable gate array,FPGA）设计实现云服务器的互联架构控制器（IFC）。IFC集成网络、存储和通用I/O资源,为高密度的云服务器提供多处理器间的互联。借助于IFC,所有CPU能够共享网络、存储和通用I/O资源,实现硬件资源的虚拟化。对原型系统的网络和存储性能进行了测试,结果表明该系统不但具有传统云服务器的架构优点而且还提供更好的扩展性和更高的性能。      

工业网络体系架构的演进、关键技术及未来展望

基于工业互联网应具备的特征,结合现有工业互联网总体现状,分析总结传统工业自动化封闭式五层架构存在的问题。首先,提出支持数据高效流转的云、边端新型工业网络协同架构,架构的变革对现有技术提出挑战,同时也为传统自动化系统提供了新的机遇。其次,在总体架构的基础上,提出适配新型工业网络基础架构的两项关键技术。5G–时间敏感网络（Time-sensitive networking, TSN）协同传输技术,包括5G–TSN异构网络融合架构、网络时钟适配机制以及基于软件定义网络（Software defined network,SDN）的融合管控和资源调度三部分技术内容;基于确定性网络的云化可编程逻辑控制器（Programmable logic controller,PLC）技术包括工业控制虚拟化和5G云化工业控制技术两部分技术内容。基于此,提出自主设计面向实时运动控制的5G云化PLC与EtherCAT融合系统,以及面向实时运动控制的EtherCAT与TSN融合系统试验平台,并验证了新型工业网络架构的科学性和合理性。最后,对未来网络、控制、计算一体化工业自动化系统中的高效性、可靠性和安全性之间的融合问题及潜在解决方案进行了探讨。      

基于B/S模式的设备管理系统

本文结合开滦集团公司的设备管理实际状况,设计并实现了基于B/S(Browser/server--浏览器/服务器)的设备管理系统.采用多层架构,集成了集团公司设备管理所有单位,实现了面向生产的设备管理模式,节约了人力和物力资源,提高了企业设备管理工作的效率.     

德国惠朋(VIPA GmbH)自动化新品发布——SLIO系列CPU

正德国惠朋SLIO系列CPU目前发布了两款,分别是基本型014和Profinet型015;采用SPEED7新一代处理器,配备48Mbit/s的SLICE-BUS高速背板总线;标配以太网PG/OP接口,普通网线即可轻松实现组态编程以及与上位机或HMI通讯;015提供高性能PROFINET控制器接口,允许连接最多128个设备;使用VIPA的SPEED7 Studio或Win PLC7编程,同时支持SIMATIC Manager或     

120t转炉倾动电控系统设计

介绍了120t转炉倾动电控系统,通过硬件和软件设计,完成现场总线与PLC、变频器、HMI之间网络架构和数据通信,形成信息化电气传动系统。重点介绍变频器的参数设定,通过对倾动电气传动控制进行整体设计和系统调试,实现了高性能的交流变频控制。     

基于Redis缓存技术的APS系统架构设计

针对在高并发、大数据量场景下,传统ODBC数据通讯方式存在数据量大、通讯缓慢,无法满足当前快速发展需求的问题,提出了一种基于Redis缓存技术的APS系统架构。APS系统架构主要由前端应用程序、后端服务和Redis数据库组成,并在系统中引入缓存技术,充分利用Redis高性能、灵活性、持久性和前端缓存的优势,能够有效地处理大量数据,并提供高性能和可扩展性,减少了对关系型数据库的直接访问所带来的服务器端的负载压力,提高了数据库服务器的响应效率。     

IBM WAS ND一种典型集群架构的设计和实现

IBM WAS NP是一款符合J2EE标准的基础软件,是Java EE和 Web服务应用程序平台.它的集群功能为业务系统提供负载均衡、可扩展和高可用支持.一种典型集群架构包括1个Deployment Manager、2个应用程序服务器节点和2个Web服务器节点,通过Web服务器和应用程序服务器的灵活配置和扩展可提高集群的硬件资源利用效率和高可用性.     

医院服务器应用系统技术的分析与规划

以二级综合医院的服务器系统配置为例,阐述其使运行现状,分析问题;从长远规划上对系统架构进行调整,并解析实现原理,以达到最适合医院发展的数据库服务器平台的目的。     

基于深度卷积神经网络的地磁导航方向适配性分析

针对地磁导航方向适配性分析时人工提取的特征主观性较强且难以表达深层的结构性特征的问题,提出一种基于深度卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)的地磁导航方向适配性分析方法.首先,利用Gabor滤波器的方向选择特性建立了6个典型方向的适配特征图;然后,设计了卷积神经网络对深层次的方向适配特征进行提取,并通过混和粒子群算法(hybrid particle swarm optimization,HPSO)对卷积神经网络的训练参数进行优选;最后,通过仿真实验对所提方法进行了验证.结果表明,该方法可有效避免复杂的计算以及人工特征提取的盲目性,实现了地磁导航方向适配性分析的自动化,且所提方法的准确率高于传统的BP网络和支持向量机,对地磁导航和航迹规划具有指导意义.      

服务器虚拟化技术的应用实践

介绍服务器虚拟化技术和应用方法,炼铁厂中心机房服务器虚拟化后可节约硬盘资源66%,内存资源、CPU资源也得到充分利用。     

H1网中不同通讯模板的兼容作用

主要介绍在德国西门子公司工业以太网H1中,不同型号CPU和通讯模板如何兼容使用。H1网是西门子公司为其S5系列工控机配备的高速工业以太网,遵循CSMA／CD协议,不同的CPU使用不同的通讯模板在网上实现数据交换。从H1网络中,把S5－150U型计算机部分升级成S5－155U型,硬件需要更换CPU和通讯模板CP,软件则修改原CPU程序和通讯组态程序。这项技术在武钢能源总厂二鼓风机站首次应用成功,具有投资小,调试简单快捷的特点,适合技术改造投资资金小,工业现场不能长期停机调试的相似企业借鉴使用。     

MIPS微处理器的存储管理单元

存储管理单元是构成CPU的基本部件,其性能优劣将直接影响CPU的处理能力,特别是在R ISC结构的微处理器中。本文结合M IPS 4KC微处理器的体系结构和流水线结构,简要介绍了M IPS微处理器的存储管理单元。     

A kinase subdomain of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type I receptor determines the TGF-beta intracellular signaling specificity

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signals through a heteromeric complex of related type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors. In Mv1Lu cells the type I receptor TbetaRI mediates TGF-beta-induced gene expression and growth inhibition, while the closely related type I receptors Tsk7L and TSR1 are inactive in these responses. Using chimeras between TbetaRI and Tsk7L or TSR1, we have defined the structural requirements for TGF-beta signaling by TbetaRI. The extracellular/transmembrane or cytoplasmic domains of TbetaRI and Tsk7L were functionally not equivalent. The juxtamembrane domain, including the GS motif, and most regions in the kinase domain can functionally substitute for each other, but the alphaC-beta4-beta5 region from kinase subdomains III to V conferred a distinct signaling ability. Replacement of this sequence in TbetaRI by the corresponding domain of Tsk7L inactivated TGF-beta signaling, whereas its introduction into Tsk7L conferred TGF-beta signaling. The differential signaling associated with this region was narrowed down to a sequence of eight amino acids, the L45 loop, which is exposed in the three-dimensional kinase structure and diverges highly between TbetaRI and Tsk7L or TSR1. Replacement of the L45 sequence in Tsk7L with that of TbetaRI conferred TGF-beta responsiveness to the Tsk7L cytoplasmic domain in Mv1Lu cells. Thus, the L45 sequence between kinase subdomains IV and V specifies TGF-beta responsiveness of the type I receptor.     

The conserved asparagine and arginine are essential for catalysis of mammalian adenylyl cyclase

Mammalian adenylyl cyclases have two homologous cytoplasmic domains (C1 and C2), and both domains are required for the high enzymatic activity. Mutational and genetic analyses of type I and soluble adenylyl cyclases suggest that the C2 domain is catalytically active and the C1 domain is not; the role of the C1 domain is to promote the catalytic activity of the C2 domain. Two amino acid residues, Asn-1025 and Arg-1029 of type II adenylyl cyclase, are conserved among the C2 domains, but not among the C1 domains, of adenylyl cyclases with 12 putative transmembrane helices. Mutations at each amino acid residue alone result in a 30-100-fold reduction in Kcat of adenylyl cyclase. However, the same mutations do not affect the Km for ATP, the half-maximal concentration (EC50) for the C2 domain of type II adenylyl cyclase to associate with the C1 domain of type I adenylyl cyclase and achieve maximal enzyme activity, or the EC50 for forskolin to maximally activate enzyme activity with or without Gsalpha. This indicates that the mutations at these two residues do not cause gross structural alteration. Thus, these two conserved amino acid residues appear to be crucial for catalysis, and their absence from the C1 domains may account for its lack of catalytic activity. Mutations at both amino acid residues together result in a 3,000-fold reduction in Kcat of adenylyl cyclase, suggesting that these two residues have additive effects in catalysis. A second site suppressor of the Asn-1025 to Ser mutant protein has been isolated. This suppressor has 17-fold higher activity than the mutant and has a Pro-1015 to Ser mutation.     

Identification of important regions in the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane domain of type I receptor that separate signaling pathways of transforming growth factor-beta

Proteins in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily exert their effects by forming heteromeric complexes of their type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors. The type I and type II receptors form distinct subgroups in the serine/threonine kinase receptor family based on the sequences of the kinase domains and the presence of a highly conserved region called the GS domain (or type I box) located just N-terminal to the kinase domain in the type I receptors. Recent studies have revealed that upon TGF-beta binding several serine and threonine residues in the GS domain of TGF-beta type I receptor (T beta R-I) are phosphorylated by TGF-beta type II receptor (T beta R-II) and that the phosphorylation of GS domain is essential for TGF-beta signaling. Here we investigated the role of cytoplasmic juxtamembrane region located between the transmembrane domain and the GS domain of T beta R-I by mutational analyses using mutant mink lung epithelial cells, which lack endogenous T beta R-I. Upon transfection, wild-type T beta R-I restored the TGF-beta signals for growth inhibition and production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and fibronectin. A deletion mutant, T beta R-I/JD1(delta 150-181), which lacks the juxtamembrane region preceding the GS domain, bound TGF-beta in concert with T beta R-II and transduced a signal leading to production of PAI-I but not growth inhibition. Recombinant receptors with mutations that change serine 172 to alanine (S172A) or threonine 176 to valine (T176V) were similar to wild-type T beta R-I in their abilities to bind TGF-beta, formed complexes with T beta R-II, and transduced a signal for PAI-1 and fibronectin. Similar to T beta R-I/JD1 (delta 150-181), however, these missence mutant receptors were impaired to mediate a growth inhibitory signal. These observations indicate that serine 172 and threonine 176 of T beta R-I are dispensable for extracellular matrix protein production but essential to the growth inhibition by TGF-beta.     

客户／服务器计算模式综述

介绍客户／服务器计算的基本概念和体系结构，阐述分布式数据库技术在客户／服务器计算模式中所发挥的作用，以及基于ＰＣ－ＬＡＮ的客户／服务器计算环境的设计环节。     

Control of inflorescence architecture in Antirrhinum

Flowering plants exhibit two types of inflorescence architecture: determinate and indeterminate. The centroradialis mutation causes the normally indeterminate inflorescence of Antirrhinum to terminate in a flower. We show that centroradialis is expressed in the inflorescence apex a few days after floral induction, and interacts with the floral-meristem-identity gene floricaula to regulate flower position and morphology. The protein CEN is similar to animal proteins that associate with lipids and GTP-binding proteins. We propose a model for how different inflorescence structures may arise through the action and evolution of centroradialis.     

Conformational changes of purine repressor DNA-binding domain upon complexation with DNA

The purine repressor (PurR) consists of two functional domains: an N-terminal DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal corepressor-binding domain. Recently, the structure of PurR-corepressor-operator ternary complex was determined by X-ray crystallography. In the complex the DNA-binding domain, consisting of 56 amino acids, was composed of four helices. Here, we have determined the solution structure of the DNA-binding domain in its DNA free state by NMR. It consists of three helices and the fourth helix (the hinge helix) region is diordered. The architecture of the first three helices of its DNA free state is very similar to that of its DNA-bound form. The hinge helix is induced by the specific DNA binding and by the dimerization of PurR which is provided by the corepressor-binding domain.     

Effect of cardiolipin on functional properties of isolated rat liver mitochondria

Receptor-type serine/threonine kinases (RSKs) have been organized into two distinct classes known as types I and II on the basis of sequence similarity. However, experiments have shown ligand specificities in the two classes and as a result type I and type II receptors can often bind to a common ligand. The transforming growth factor-beta- (TGF-beta) specific receptors represent such a case, where both type I and II receptors (T beta RI and T beta RII) are observed. Of additional interest is the observation that heteromeric associations of type I and II receptors can also enable signaling. To further elucidate the function of various RSKs, the extracellular domains of both alpha and beta chains from human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptors were linked to transmembrane cytoplasmic domains of RSKs. Chimeric receptors of human granulocyte-macrophage receptor (hGMR) alpha with T beta RI and hGMR beta with T beta RII were expressed in murine pre-B cell-derived Ba/F3 cells. These chimeras formed heteromeric complexes, transmitted TGF-beta signals, and were down-modulated in response to human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. However, experiments utilizing these chimeric receptors in different combinations revealed that only heteromeric associations of transmembrane cytoplasmic domains mediated signaling and down-modulation. Chimeric receptors with transmembrane cytoplasmic domains of activin receptor type II and bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II also provided signals in conjunction with chimeric T beta RI. As a result, these type II receptors may share a common potential to signal via T beta RI. hGMR-RSK chimeric receptors may be useful tools for the identification and characterization of the divergent signals mediated by individual RSKs.