蒙古族2型糖尿病合并大血管病变与脂联素基因启动子区单核苷酸多态性的相关性

目的研究蒙古族2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并大血管病变与脂联素基因启动子区单核苷酸多态性(SNP) 11426(rs16-861194);-11391(rs17300539);-11377(rs266729)三个位点的相关性。方法选择200例T2DM不合并大血管病变(T2DM组)和230例T2DM合并大血管病变(T2DM+大血管病变组)的4代以上均为蒙古族的患者,采用直接测序法分析脂联素基因启动子区SNP-11426(rs16861194)、SNP-11391(rs-17300539)、SNP-11377(rs266729) 3个位点基因型和等位基因频率,研究其多态性与T2DM合并大血管病变的相关性,同时测定生化指标。结果脂联素基因SNP-11426(rs16-861194)产生三种基因型AA、AG、GG; SNP-11391(rs17300539)产生一种基因型GG; SNP-11377(rs266729)产生三种基因型CC、CG、GG。3个位点的基因型与等位基因频率进行统计学分析,蒙古族T2DM组与T2DM+大血管病变组差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。结论脂联素基因启动子区SNP-11426(rs16861194); SNP-11391(rs17300539); SNP-11377(rs266729) 3个位点与通辽地区蒙古族T2DM大血管病变无相关性,这3个位点的脂联素基因多态性并不能从分子水平上预测本地区蒙古族T2DM合并大血管病变。     

脂联素基因启动子区-11377 C/G多态性与2型糖尿病及糖尿病肾病的关系

目的探讨桂北地区汉族人群脂联素基因启动子区-11377 C/G单核苷酸多态性各基因型及等位基因频率分布,分析其与2型糖尿病（T2DM）及糖尿病肾病（DN）的关系。方法采用PCR-RFLP技术检测100例健康对照者及232例T2DM患者（其中DN 105例）的脂联素基因-11377 C/G位点基因型及等位基因频率分布。结果 T2DM患者脂联素基因启动子区-11377的GG基因型频率和G等位基因频率高于健康对照者（P〈0.05,Or=1.625,95%CI 1.05～2.51）;脂联素基因启动子区-11377基因型及等位基因频率分布在T2DM、DN患者间无统计学意义;T2DM患者CG＋GG基因型BMI高于CC基因型（P〈0.05）。结论脂联素基因启动子区-11377 C/G与桂北地区汉族人群T2DM发病有相关性,G等位基因可能是T2DM发病的遗传易感基因。     

我国2型糖尿病人群脂联素基因多态性与冠心病的相关性研究

目的研究我国2型糖尿病（T2DM）人群脂联素基因多态性是否与冠心病（CHD）风险的相关性。方法以190例T2DM患者为研究人群,其中159例伴有CHD;31人为对照组。应用PCR-RFLP技术对脂联素基因单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）-11365,-3964,＋45及＋276进行基因型和基因频率分析,并采用病例-对照方法,研究脂联素基因多态性与CHD的风险关系。结果（1）脂联素基因SNP＋45T等位基因携带者CHD的风险有增加趋势（OR=1.782,P〈0.05）。（2）脂联素基因SNP＋276G等位基因携带者CHD的风险显著增加（OR=1.866,95%CI1.069-3.258,P〈0.05）。（3）脂联素基因SNP＋45、＋276TG单体型携带者CHD的风险增加（OR=1.998,P〈0.05）;GT单体型对CHD具有保护性作用（R=0.386,95%CI0.173-0.863,P〈0.05）。（4）脂联素基因SNPs＋45、＋276TT/GG基因型组合携带者CHD的风险显著增加（校正OR=4.856,P〈0.05）。结论在我国2型糖尿病人群中,脂联素基因单核苷酸多态性＋45、＋276与冠心病的风险相关。     

脂联素受体1基因多态性与2型糖尿病相关性研究

目的研究西安地区汉族人群中脂联素受体1（AdipoR1）的两个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点与2型糖尿病（T2DM）的关系。方法采用突变特异性扩增系统（ARMS）结合测序方法对西安地区100例T2DM患者（T2DM组）及84名正常对照者（NC组）AdipoRl基因的两个SNP位点进行分析。结果（1）AdipoR1基因SNP-106A／G、SNP 5843A／G在DM组与NC组间基因型频率及等位基因频率差异无统计学意义。（2）AdipoR1基因5843G／G型T2DM患者的诊断年龄明显早于A／A型＋A／G型。结论在西安地区的汉族人群中，AdipoR1基因-106A／G、5843A／G的单个核苷酸多态性可能与T2DM的发病无关。携带5843G／G基因型的T2DM患者发病年龄较早。     

脂联素基因多态性与2型糖尿病大血管病变的关系

目的研究脂联素基因多态性与2型糖尿病（T2DM）大血管病变的关系。方法采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术对198例T2DM患者和98例正常对照组进行脂联素基因多态性分析。结果对照组脂联素＋276TT基因型频率较患者组明显增多（P〈0．01）；T2DM组有无大血管病变患者无明显差异。结论脂联素＋276G〉T多态性与T2DM相关，携带TT基因型可能减少患T2DM的几率；其多态性与T2DM大血管病变无明显相关性。     

脂联素基因多态性研究进展

脂联素是新近发现的脂肪细胞特异性细胞因子,在机体糖和脂肪代谢、维持机体能量代谢平衡过程中发挥重要作用.正常人脂联素基因序列中存在相当数量的等位基因单核苷酸多态性(SNPs),但这些密码子的变化并不改变其编码蛋白质的氨基酸序列.然而,脂联素基因5'侧翼区SNP-11391(G/A)和-11377(G/C)、外显子2的SNP+45(T/G)等变化,可能直接影响脂联素的血浆水平,与肥胖、2型糖尿病和冠状动脉粥样硬化等疾病的发展和演变有关.     

脂联素基因多态性与2型糖尿病相关性研究

采用实时定量PCR技术研究汉族人群脂联素基因(apM1)多态性与2型糖尿病(DM)相关关系。发现apM12号外显子和内含子存在单核苷酸多态性(SNP),SNP45与2型DM密切相关,DM组T/ T基因型明显高于肥胖组和对照组(均P<0.01)。脂联素基因SNP45和SNP276与肥胖人群、无相关性。     

我国西部人群脂联素基因+45位点多态性与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗及2型糖尿病的相关性

目的探讨宁夏汉族人群脂联素基因＋45位核苷酸T／G多态性与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗（IR）及2型糖尿病（T2DM）的相关性。方法采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性内切酶长度多态性技术，对100例T2DM患者和101例正常对照（NC）者脂联素基因＋45位点进行基因分型；并计算BMI和HOMA-IR。结果（1）T2DM组GG基因型频率明显高于NC组（P〈0．01），G等位基因频率明显高于NC组（P〈0．01）。（2）在T2DM组中，GG＋TG基因型的BMI、HOMA-IR大于TT基因型（P〈0．01）。在NC组中，各基因型间BMI、HOMA-IR的差异无统计学意义。在T2DM组中，而BMII〉25组的GG＋TG基因型频率高于BMI〈25组（P〈0．01），G等位基因频率也高于BMI〈25组（P〈0．01）。结论脂联素基因＋45位核苷酸T／G多态性与肥胖、IR及T2DM相关。     

中国汉族人群2型糖尿病与脂联素基因SNP-11377位点相关性的Meta分析

目的评价脂联素基因SNP-11377位点与T2DM的相关性。方法采用Meta分析评估SNP-11377位点与T2DM的相关性。异质性检验后采用M-H固定效应模型合并比值比(OR)值,并进行发表偏倚检验。结果 (1)共纳入10篇文献,其中病例组2831例、对照组3035例。(2)异质性检验显示,脂联素基因SNP-11377在各研究间是同质(I2=11.2%,P>0.05),各研究之间不存在异质性。(3)M-H固定效应模型进行数据合并,结果显示合并OR为1.09(95%CI为1.00～1.18,P=0.05)。(4)Begg和Egger偏倚分析均显示无明显发表偏倚。结论脂联素基因SNP-11377G等位基因可能与中国汉族人群T2DM的发病风险相关。     

2型糖尿病患者脂联素及脂联素基因启动子区多态性与白蛋白尿的相关性

目的 研究2型糖尿病患者血浆脂联素水平及脂联素基因启动子区-11377位点单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)之间的关系.方法 按1999年世界卫生组织制定的糖尿病诊断标准,自2006年4月至2009年4月选取福建医科大学附属第二医院内分泌科2型糖尿病患者403例,根据24 h UAER分为正常组(UAER<30 mg/24 h,NAU组)201例、微量白蛋白尿组(30 mg/24 h≤UAER<300 mg/24 h,MiAU组)134例和大量白蛋白尿组(UAER≥300 mg/24 h,MaAU组)68例.采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术,检测脂联素基因启动子区SNP-11377C→G多态性.同时检测血浆脂联素、血脂、血糖、空腹胰岛素、血肌酐和内生肌酐清除率.脂联素水平与临床指标的相关性采用简单相关分析和偏相关分析.结果 脂联素水平随UAER增高呈递增趋势[NAU、MiAU、MaAU组分别为6.33(0.10～24.32)mg/L,6.97(0.25～20.12)mg/L,9.38(1.88～26.99)mg/L],MaAU组显著高于NAU和MiAU组(P<0.01).脂联素水平与血浆肌酐呈正相关(r=0.212,P<0.01),与肌酐清除率呈负相关(r=-0.157,P<0.05),与稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)呈负相关(r=-0.215,P<0.01).脂联素基因启动子SNP-11377C→G的基因型(CC型、CG型和GG型)和等位基因频率分布在NAU组、AU组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).未发现启动子区SNP-11377C→G与脂联素水平有关.结论 2型糖尿病患者血脂联素随糖尿病肾病进展白蛋白尿加重而增高.未发现福建地区2型糖尿病患者脂联素基因启动子区-11377C→G多态性与UAER明显相关.     

脂联素水平及脂联素基因多态性与糖尿病视网膜病变的关系

目的研究血清脂联素（APN）水平及脂联素基因单核苷酸多态性（SNP）45T→G与2型糖尿病（T2DM）视网膜病变（DR）之问的关系。方法运用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法，对76例T2DM患者[无DR（NDR）组27例、非增殖型DR（NPDR）组28例、增殖型DR（PDR）组21例]，和35例正常对照（Nc）者的APN基因SNP45多态性位点进行基因分型；用放射免疫法检测空腹血清APN浓度；比较各组基因型和等位基因频率，并分析各指标间的相关性。结果（1）T2DM组血清APN水平明显低于NC组（P＜0.01）；PDR组APN浓度明显低于NDR和NPDR组，差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.01）；（2）血清APN浓度与年龄、收缩压、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、HbA1C、TG、LDL-C、HO—MA—IR呈显著负相关；（3）SNP45多态性位点的基因型和等位基因频率在NDR、NPDR、PDR组和NC组三间无统计学差异（P〉O．05），三种基因型的血清APN水平无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论T2DM患者血清APN水平降低，APN在DR的发病机制中发挥作用且与DR的严重度相关；而APN基因SNP45多态性位点与青岛地区汉族人群中DR无明显相关性。     

糖尿病微血管病SUMO基因163 A/G多态性的相关性研究

目的:探讨小泛素样修饰蛋白(SUMO)基因163A/G多态性与糖尿病微血管病变相关性。方法:运用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法,对30例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者[正常白蛋白尿(DM0)组10例,微量白蛋白尿(DM1)组10例,大量白蛋白尿(DM2)组10例]和10例健康对照者(NC)的SUMO基因163A/G多态性进行检测,并比较各组间基因型频率、等位基因频率及相关临床指标。结果:本组实验人群中SUMO基因163位点存在3种基因型,即AA型、GA型和GG型。NC组与T2DM组各基因型和等位基因频率无显著差异(x2=2.231,P=0.121;x2=0.015,P=0.906);DM组(DM1+DM2)的GA基因型频率高于DM0组(x2=4.454,P=0.038);DM1组与DM2组基因型和等位基因频率无统计学差异(x2=0.041,P=0.973;x2=0.123,P=0.683)。Logistic回归分析显示SUMO基因GA基因型(OR=2.31,P0.05)与糖尿病肾病相关。结论:SUMO基因GA基因型可能是糖尿病微血管病发生的危险因素。     

The glucose clamp reveals an association between adiponectin gene polymorphisms and insulin sensitivity in obese subjects

Results concerning the association of adiponectin gene polymorphisms (single-nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), metabolic disorders and insulin resistance have not lead to definite conclusions. The aim of our study was to investigate a possible association between the -11391G>A and -11377C>G SNPs of adiponectin gene and measure of insulin sensitivity evaluated by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in a group of 'uncomplicated' obese subjects (with no associated comorbidities) (n=99, mean age 35 years) with a history of obesity lasting at least 10 years. The study of uncomplicated obese subjects, free of possible confounding factors that could interfere with insulin sensitivity, such as pharmacological treatment, provides a good model to assess insulin sensitivity per se. We observed that subjects homozygous for the G allele at locus -11391 had lower M (mg/kg min)/fat-free mass (FFM) index and adiponectin levels compared to subjects with GA+AA genotypes (P=0.002 and P=0.03, respectively) and subjects carrying the -11377G variant had lower M (mg/kg min)/FFM index and adiponectin levels compared to noncarriers (P=0.003 and P=0.03, respectively). Our results imply that the two promoter SNPs, -11391G>A and -11377C>G, of the adiponectin gene are associated with a reduced insulin sensitivity evaluated by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in obese subjects.     

The association of SNP276G>T at adiponectin gene with circulating adiponectin and insulin resistance in response to mild weight loss

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) locus influence changes in circulating adiponectin and the features of insulin resistance in response to a weight loss intervention.Subjects:In total, 294 nondiabetic/overweight-obese Koreans participated in a clinical intervention study lasting 12 weeks involving a caloric reduction of -300kcal/day. METHODS: Plasma adiponectin, blood lipids, glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at baseline and after weight loss. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) derived from fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. We genotyped for three SNPs, 45T>G, 276G>T and -11377C>G. RESULTS: At baseline, HOMA-IR was significantly higher in GG homozygotes than in carriers of the T allele at SNP276G>T of the adiponectin gene (P<0.05). With regard to SNP45T>G and SNP -11377C>G, we did not find any genotype related differences in baseline levels of HOMA-IR and adiponectin. In the 45/276 haplotype test, homozygous for the TG haplotype had significantly lower concentrations of plasma adiponectin (P<0.05). After the 12-week weight loss intervention, the significant decreases in HOMA-IR (P<0.001) and increases in adiponectin (P<0.01) were observed in GG homozygotes at SNP276, which were not shown in carriers of the T allele. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the decreases in HOMA-IR between the GG homozygotes and carriers of the T allele at SNP276 (P<0.05). Regarding SNP45T>G and SNP -11377C>G, there was no association between SNP45T>G and SNP -11377C>G and decreases in HOMA-IR. In the 45/276 haplotype test, there was a significant difference in changes of adiponectin levels among those with different haplotype combinations (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The SNP276G>T of the ADIPOQ gene is associated with different responses of circulating adiponectin and insulin resistance to mild weight loss in overweight-obese subjects.     

肝脂酶基因启动子-514C／T多态性与糖尿病慢性肾脏疾病的相关性研究

目的探讨肝脂酶（HL）基因启动子区-514C／T多态性与糖尿病慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）的相关性。方法纳入T2DM患者（T2DM组）164例,根据UAlb水平再分为CKD亚组（CKD,n=108）和无CKD亚组（CKD0,n=56）;另选健康对照者（NC组）91名。运用限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）技术对各组HL基因启动子区-514C／T多态性进行检测,并比较各组间基因型和等位基因频率及相关资料。结果（1）CKD亚组C／T＋T／T基因型和T等位基因频率高于CKD0亚组（P〈0．05）;（2）NC组与T2DM组间基因型和等位基因频率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;（3）T2DM组中C／T＋T／T基因型患者TG水平高于C／C基因型患者（P〈0．05）;（4）Logistic回归分析表明,HL基因启动子区514C／T基因多态性与CKD相关。结论HL基因启动子区=514T等位基因可能是CKD发生的遗传易感因素。     

脂联素基因多态性与老年妇女骨质疏松症相关性研究

目的研究脂联素基因SNP＋45多态性与上海地区绝经后妇女骨质疏松症的相关性,比较脂联素基因SNP＋45多态性与骨转换生化标志物的关系。方法以聚合酶链反应-限制性内切酶长度多态性（PCR—RELF）技术,对75例骨质疏松症患者和71例正常对照者脂联素基因SNP＋45位点进行基因分型,应用酶联免疫测定法或电化学发光免疫法测定75例骨质疏松症患者血清和尿液中8项骨代谢指标。结果脂联素基因SNP＋45多态性位点的基因型和等位基因频率在骨质疏松症患者和正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义,脂联索基因SNP＋45多态性位点的基因型与骨转换标志物比较差异也均无统计学意义。结论脂联素基因SNP＋45多态性与上海地区绝经后妇女骨质疏松症无相关性,与骨转换率也无相关性。     

甘肃地区PRKAA2基因单核苷酸多态性与2型糖尿病及脂联素、抵抗素关系的研究

目的 探讨甘肃地区PRKAA2基因rs2746342（G／T）单核苷酸多态性与T2DM及血清脂联素（APN）、抵抗素（Resistin）的关系。方法甘肃地区T2DM患者163例和正常对照组86名,两组年龄、性别匹配,采用聚合酶链反应／DNA限制性片段长度多态性（PCR／RFLP）、酶联免疫分析（ELISA）检测其基因多态性、空腹C肽（FC-P）、APN、Resistin,同时测身高、体重、血压、BMI、空腹血糖、血脂等。结果（1）T2DM组与正常对照组的基因型和等位基因频度分布存在显著差异（P〈0．05）;（2）T2DM组各基因型T／T、G／T、G／G中Resistin、TG、TC、LDL-C、FC-P依次降低,APN、HDL-C依次增高（P〈0．05）;（3）APN水平在糖尿病超重组低于糖尿病正常体重组和对照组,Resistin水平在糖尿病超重组高于糖尿病正常体重组和对照组（P〈0．05）;（4）相关分析表明APN水平与BMI、血压负相关,与C-肽正相关（P〈0．05）,Resistin水平与BMI、血压正相关,与G肽负相关（P〈0．05）;（5）T2DM超重组较T2DM正常体重组和正常对照组TG、LDL-C水平升高（P〈0．05）,HDL-C水平降低（P〈0．05）。结论甘肃地区PRKAA2基因rs2746342（G／T）单核苷酸基因多态性可能与T2DM及胰岛素抵抗、血清APN、Re—sistin水平关联。     

Association of fibrillin 1 single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes with systemic sclerosis in Choctaw and Japanese populations

OBJECTIVE: Previously, we demonstrated with the use of microsatellite markers that a 2-cM haplotype on chromosome 15q containing the fibrillin 1 gene (FBN1) was strongly associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc) in the Choctaw, a population with high SSc prevalence. In this study, all 69 known FBN1 exons were sequenced to ascertain the presence of changes that might show associations with SSc in the Choctaw and Japanese SSc patients and controls. METHODS: Screening of FBN1 exons was accomplished by polymerase chain reaction-based fluorescence sequencing of genomic DNA using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotypes, and their frequencies were determined with a new algorithm that recognizes past recombination events between sites. Haplotype phylogenies were inferred using the median-joining network analysis. RESULTS: Five SNPs were identified in FBN1. They are located in the 5'-untranslated region (SNP-1), exon 15 (SNP-2), intron 17 (SNP-3), exon 27 (SNP-4), and intron 27 (SNP-5). Only SNP-1 (T-->C) demonstrated an association with SSc in the Choctaw. Eleven FBN1 SNP haplotypes were ascertained in the Choctaw population, 2 of which (SNPs 5 and 6) were found only in the SSc patients. These same FBN1 SNP haplotypes were associated with SSc in the Japanese. CONCLUSION: A SNP in the 5'-untranslated region of FBN1 (SNP-1, C allele) was strongly associated with SSc in the Choctaw. Furthermore, this polymorphism is present on 2 unique FBN1 haplotypes found only in Choctaw SSc patients. The same 2 haplotypes demonstrate associations with SSc in the Japanese. These data extend the earlier microsatellite studies and are consistent with the hypothesis that FBN1 or a nearby gene on chromosome 15q is involved in SSc susceptibility in the Choctaw and the Japanese.