论工业设计的原理和方法

工业设计是一门新兴的交叉学科，其理论体系有待探索和建立，提出工业设计的总体原理是“融合”，即由技术，艺术与市场经济3门学科为主体的相互融 合，其“融合体”表现在该工业产品的“可塑性空间”上，此空间形成规律性是以供方与求方的“沟通”为中介，以“宜人”为艺术原则，以“创新”为动力，使用“重新组合”原理，设计出更加新颖，更加宜人的工业产品造型，在此原理下，相应地推出含有总体创新-构思-构形与构图3个层次的工业设计方法。     

"工业设计"培训班

“２１世纪是工业设计的时代，一个不重视工业设计的国家，将成为明日的落伍者”（杨振宁），“发展工业造型设计，提高产品竞争能力”（路甬祥）。工业设计伴随着工业革命的到来而诞生，１００余年来，为制造业产品的创新、技术的进步起到了推动和指导作用。进入２１世纪，特别是２００１年我国正式加入WTO，工业设计在制造产品开发创新中的重要作用更趋显现。世界进入信息化时代，各类基础技术已成为全世界共有的技术，无秘密可言。因而，基础技术的竞争在产品市场竞争中已非焦点，竞争的焦点是以核心技术为基础的工业设计竞争。机床的…     

巨匠大贾云集工业设计界盛会

12月13日,以“创新设计与国际竞争力”为主题的第二届中国工业设计论坛、第二届中国企业“产品创新设计奖”以及首届中国(国际)工业设计展在深圳隆重举行。     

以人为本——树立制造业发展的新观念

首先从历史角度论述了制造对人类社会发展的重大作用;其次,论述了如同所有技术一样制造技术对社会正反两方面的作用;再次,引用了“国际工业设计联合会”关于工业设计的定义,论述了创新技术要人性化;最后,论述了“以人为本”的制造业发展的内涵。     

工业设计基础知识讲座──第一讲 工业设计的现状与发展

工业设计基础知识讲座──第一讲工业设计的现状与发展苏萍（天津市工业设计培训中心天津市３００２０４）１什么是“工业设计”国际工业设计协会宣告成立后，于１９５９年召开了第一届国际会议，确定了ＩＤ的国际性定义。明确英语中的“ＩＮＤＵＳＴＲＡＬＤＥＳＩＧＮ”...     

橡胶行业增幅回落倒逼转型

“平稳发展是2011年橡胶工业发展的主旋律，虽然与上年相比，橡胶工业的产量、产值、出口额的增幅有所下降，且未达到预期目标的7％，但这并非坏事，可以倒逼企业走创新的路子，扩大研发投入，这是行业加快结构调整、提高发展质量、转变发展方式的必要代价，是橡胶工业良性发展的新起点。”对2011年我国橡胶工业的发展情况，中国橡胶工业协会会长范仁德作出了这样的评价。     

第一届中国青岛国际设计节将于11月中旬在青岛举行

第一届中国青岛国际设计节将于２００２年１１月１５日至１７日在美丽的海滨城市青岛举行，这是中国第一个设计节，也是亚洲第一个设计节。经青岛市人民政府批准，第一届中国青岛国际设计节由中国工业设计协会、中国建筑装饰协会、中国包装总公司等权威机构联合主办。其宗旨是“实现设计价值、满足创新需求”，充分展示当代国际设计行业的最高水平和最新成就，推动中国设计水平的快速发展，以设计推动创新，全面开启中国设计产业化发展的新纪元。第一届中国青岛国际设计节将在国内外设计界产生广泛而深远的影响，已被国际工业设计协会、美国…     

第八届2009中国（杭州）国际工业博览会落下帷幕

2009年5月7至9日,以“创新、合作、共赢”为主题的第八届2009中国（杭州）国际工业博览会在杭州和平国际会展中心举行,新增设的“高新企业成果展”、“杭州都市经济圈产业展”以及“工业设计展”,全面展示了从“中国制造”向“中国创造”的发展成果,成为本届工博会一大亮点。     

中国首届工业设计论坛9月在深圳举行

将于9月1日至2日在深圳举行的“中国首届工业设计论坛”,主要围绕工业“设计和产品创新”的主题为企业开拓思路,此次论坛由国家计委高技术产业发展局、浙江大学、中国机械工程学会工业设计分会、深圳经济发展局联合举办,得到了中国科学院、中国工程院机械与运载工程学部、中国机械工程学会的大力支持。     

中国机床工业"十五"发展回顾

“十五”期间（2001-2005）是我国机床工业走出“九五”（1995-2000）期间连续四年徘徊的低谷，取得了长足的进步的五年。机床工业，特别是数控机床的发展受到国家各级领导的高度重视，2004年4月温家宝总理、黄菊副总理、曾培炎副总理对机床工业的发展做了重要批示。2004年11月温家宝总理在东北老工业基地企业座谈会讲话指出：“机床是装备制造业的工作母机，实现装备制造业现代化，取决于我国机床发展水平。振兴装备制造业，首先要振兴机床工业，我们要大力发展国产数控机床”。“十五”期间，机床工业成绩裴然，捷报频传，各项指标年年创新高，是不平常的五年。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.