菱形微位移压电作动器输入输出杂交建模

针对某定位装置,研究了一种新型菱形微位移压电作动器,该压电作动器由压电堆、菱形位移放大机构以及柔性铰链组成。菱形微位移压电作动器的核心驱动部件为压电堆,由于压电材料的迟滞特性,菱形压电作动器具有非线性迟滞特性。为了消除迟滞对压电作动器在后续控制中的影响,发展了一种Preisach杂交建模的方法,该方法在传统Preisach模型的基础上,有效结合了Preisach离散模型和支持向量机(support vector machine,简称SVM),建立了微位移压电作动器输入输出杂交模型。试验结果表明,SVM有效解决了因1阶滞回曲线数量不足而导致Preisach模型精度低的问题,同时与传统Preisach模型相比,杂交建模能更准确地描述迟滞特性,具有更高的精度。     

基于支持向量机的压电微操作平台非线性特性描述

压电驱动器的迟滞现象会使微操作平台出现非线性问题,严重影响了其运动精度和重复定位精度。为了解决该问题,提出了一种基于Preisach模型与支持向量机的联合建模方法来描述微操作平台的非线性特性。以一种一维微操作平台为对象,以压电驱动电压和所对应的平台输出位移为样本点,采用支持向量机理论建立反映平台非线性回归模型,利用该模型预测非样本点所对应的平台输出位移,结合Preisach模型可精确预测平台在任意电压序列作用下的输出位移。为了验证所建立模型的有效性,进行了实验研究,任意选取2组不同的输入电压序列,利用支持向量机回归模型和Preisach模型分别得到所选取的电压序列对应的输出位移的预测值,在相同的电压序列作用下进行实验得到其实测值,将实测值与预测值进行比较分析,结果表明,2组实测值与预测值之间的相对误差范围分别为0.6%～2.1%、0.02%～2.1%,预测位移与实测位移非常接近,说明所建立的模型能精确描述微操作平台的非线性特性,以实现其精确运动。     

压电驱动器的非线性模型及其精密定位控制研究

压电驱动器的非线性特性和迟滞特性是影响微动平台定位控制精度的主要因素。采用改进的Preisach模型对压电驱动器的迟滞特性进行建模，利用建立的Preisach模型进行开环精密定位控制和作为PID反馈控制的前馈环节的研究。实验结果表明，该模型能够有效地降低非线性迟滞特性对压电驱动器位移输出精度的影响，提高驱动器的动态响应特性。     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的压电作动器迟滞非线性建模及参数辨识

为了辨识压电作动器应用中迟滞非线性特性,采用Preisach模型与最小二乘支持向量机（LS-SVM）的混合建模法构建压电作动器模型以表征其迟滞非线性。在Preisach模型基础上采用一阶回转曲线法求得α-β平面内的迟滞单元加权系数,以迟滞单元形心和加权系数作为训练模型的输入输出,利用遗传算法对模型参数进行了辨识。数值仿真验证了建立的模型能精确描述压电作动器迟滞非线性特性,仿真结果与实验结果的相对误差在0.12%~2.01%之间,证实了模型的有效性。     

Measurement and calibration for Stewart micromanipulation system

In this article, hysteresis controller design and static error compensation method for a 6-dof micro-positioning platform driven by piezoelectric actuator is studied. The nonlinear hysteresis effect of the piezoelectric actuator is analyzed by means of Preisach model. Its inverse model is used as the feedforward controller. Error compensation method is designed to compensate manufacture error and assembly error by use of the developed 3-points-3-axes measurement method. From practical experiment, the proposed method makes improvement on the accuracy of positioning.     

基于非线性GA算法的动态P模型的参数辨识与验证

针对现有的GMM-FBG电流传感器的磁滞非线性问题,提出了一种改进的动态Preisach磁滞模型。采用非线性遗传算法对改进动态Preisach磁滞数学模型进行参数辨识,提高了动态磁滞曲线的预测精度。运用改进动态Preisach模型对GMMFBG电流传感器进行建模及实验验证,实验及仿真结果表明该模型具有较好的预测性,预测误差在3.0%以内。经过磁滞补偿使得传感系统电流的测量灵敏度达到0.050 nm/A。     

Support vector machine with genetic algorithm for machinery fault diagnosis of high voltage circuit breaker

Based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method and support vector machine (SVM), a new method for the fault diagnosis of high voltage circuit breaker (CB) is proposed. The feature extraction method based on improved EMD energy entropy is detailedly analyzed and SVM is employed as a classifier. Radial basis function (RBF) is adopted as the kernel function of SVM and its kernel parameter γ and penalty parameter C must be carefully predetermined in establishing an efficient SVM model. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a genetic algorithm-based SVM (GA-SVM) model that can determine the optimal parameters of SVM with the highest accuracy and generalization ability. The classification accuracy of this GA-SVM approach is tried by real dataset and compared with the SVM, which has randomly selected kernel function parameters. The experimental results indicate that the classification accuracy of this GA-SVM approach is more superior than that of the artificial neural network and the SVM which has constant and manually extracted parameters.     

一种新的混合Preisach迟滞模型及其性质研究

压电陶瓷执行器物理结构复杂,应用参数化方法辨识经典Preisach模型描述其迟滞特性时,难以找到合适的Preisach函数,模型预测误差较大。为了提高建模精度,定义了均值迟滞模型作为经典Preisach模型的补充,将均值迟滞模型与经典Preisach 模型加权叠加得到一种新的混合Preisach模型,并将权值定义为迟滞度参数,用以描述模型的迟滞非线性强烈程度。同时证明了混合Preisach模型具有类似于经典Preisach模型的擦除特性和一致特性,给出了混合Preisach模型表示定理。最后结合神经网络完成了混合Preisach模型的辨识过程。实验数据证明,在三角波信号下和衰减正弦信号下,混合Preisach模型的预测误差较经典Preisach模型分别降低了1.77 和1.26 。     

基于Preisach模型的压电陶瓷执行器线性插值法迟滞位移研究

论文介绍了基于Preisach模型的迟滞特性建模方法.通过一系列实验数据建立了Preisach模型,研究了如何应用线性插值法和BP神经网络方法进行任意Preisach函数X（α,β）值的求解,从而计算得到相应电压序列的位移,分析比较了两种方法的预测结果.实验表明,基于Preisach模型的线性插值方法方法可以更好地预测压电陶瓷执行器的迟滞位移.     

压电陶瓷执行器迟滞特性的 广义非线性Preisach模型及其数值实现

压电陶瓷执行器的迟滞非线性不具有经典Preisach模型的次环一致特性,直接利用该模型对压电陶瓷执行器的迟滞特性建模会产生较大误差。为了提高压电陶瓷执行器的迟滞特性建模精度,在非线性Preisach模型的基础上推导得到适用于压电陶瓷迟滞特性的广义非线性Preisach模型,并给出简化分类计算公式。广义非线性Preisach模型将经典Preisach模型表示定理中的次环一致特性修改为次环等弦长特性,放宽了对描述对象的限制要求。实验数据表明,与经典Preisach模型相比,广义非线性Preisach模型预测位移的误差绝对值的最大值降低了0.22 μm,均方根误差降低了0.11 μm,能够更精确地描述压电陶瓷的迟滞特性。     

基于AWLS-SVM的污水处理过程软测量建模

针对污水处理过程建模中样本数据可能存在的测量误差对模型性能的影响,提出一种自适应加权最小二乘支持向量机(AWLS-SVM)回归的软测量建模方法。该方法基于最小二乘支持向量机模型,根据样本拟合误差,并结合改进的指数分布赋权规则,自适应地为每个建模样本分配不同的权值,以降低随机误差对模型性能的影响;同时采用一种全局优化算法——混沌粒子群模拟退火(CPSO-SA)算法对最小二乘支持向量机的模型参数进行优化选择,以提高模型的泛化能力。仿真实验表明,AWLS-SVM模型的预测精度及鲁棒性能优于LS-SVM和WLS-SVM。最后,应用AWLS-SVM方法建立污水处理过程出水水质关键参数的软测量模型,获得了较好的效果。     

A hybrid fault diagnosis methodology with support vector machine and improved particle swarm optimization for nuclear power plants

The safety and public health during nuclear power plant operation can be enhanced by accurately recognizing and diagnosing potential problems when a malfunction occurs. However, there are still obvious technological gaps in fault diagnosis applications, mainly because adopting a single fault diagnosis method may reduce fault diagnosis accuracy. In addition, some of the proposed solutions rely heavily on fault examples, which cannot fully cover future possible fault modes in nuclear plant operation. This paper presents the results of a research in hybrid fault diagnosis techniques that utilizes support vector machine (SVM) and improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) to perform further diagnosis on the basis of qualitative reasoning by knowledge-based preliminary diagnosis and sample data provided by an on-line simulation model. Further, SVM has relatively good classification ability with small samples compared to other machine learning methodologies. However, there are some challenges in the selection of hyper-parameters in SVM that warrants the adoption of intelligent optimization algorithms. Hence, the major contribution of this paper is to propose a hybrid fault diagnosis method with a comprehensive and reasonable design. Also, improved PSO combined with a variety of search strategies are achieved and compared with other current optimization algorithms. Simulation tests are used to verify the accuracy and interpretability of research findings presented in this paper, which would be beneficial for intelligent execution of nuclear power plant operation.     

钢筋混凝土框架近断层速度脉冲地震响应分析

针对滚动轴承的故障诊断问题，提出了一种基于栈式稀疏自编码网络(stacked sparse auto encoder，简称SSAE)、改进灰狼智能优化算法(improved grey wolf optimization，简称IGWO)以及支持向量机(support vector machine，简称SVM)的混合智能故障诊断模型。首先，利用栈式自编码网络强大的特征自提取能力，实现故障信号深层频谱特征的自适应学习，通过引入稀疏项约束提高特征学习的泛化性能；其次，利用改进的灰狼算法实现支持向量机的参数优化；最后，基于优化后的SVM完成对故障特征向量的分类识别。所提混合智能故障诊断模型充分结合了深度神经网络强大的特征自学习能力和支持向量机优秀的小样本分类性能，避免了手工特征提取的弊端，可对不同故障类型的振动信号实现更精准的识别。多组对比实验表明，相比传统方法，笔者所提出的模型具有更优秀的故障识别能力，诊断准确率可达98%以上。     

Development of 2-axis hybrid positioning system for precision contouring on micro-milling operation

A 2-axis hybrid positioning system was developed for precision contouring on micro-milling operation. The system was developed to overcome the micro-positioning limitations of conventional linear stage positioning system on machine tools. A 2-axis flexure hinge type piezoelectric stage was added on a standard milling machine to obtain better machining results. The control method used for the hybrid system was active error compensation type, where errors from linear stages are cancelled by the piezoelectric stage motion. Positioning experiments showed an improvement of machine accuracy which was confirmed by the machining results. A micro-pillar was fabricated for the validation of long-range and high-precision contouring capability. The system was successfully implemented on micro-milling machining to achieve high-precision machining results.     

大型旋转机械状态组合预示模型研究

大型旋转机械的状态预示技术是实现设备状态维护的关键,针对大型旋转机械的几种典型趋势,提出支持向量机(support vector machines,SVM)进行系统故障趋势预示的模型,采用BP(back propagation)神经网络模型和SVM模型对不同的趋势进行预测,结果表明SVM模型具有预测精度高的特点.在以上研究的基础上,提出一种新的旋转机械系统状态组合预测模型.该模型采用振动烈度和特征频率分量作为预测机械系统状态的敏感因子,采用从时域到频域、频域到时域,构建旋转机械状态预测的组合模型.将基于SVM的组合预测模型应用于旋转注水机组的状态预测,取得较好的预测效果.     

Fault diagnosis of rotary kiln using SVM and binary ACO

This paper proposes a novel hybrid algorithm for fault diagnosis of rotary kiln based on a binary ant colony (BACO) and support vector machine (SVM). The algorithm can find a subset selection which is attained through the elimination of the features that produce noise or are strictly correlated with other already selected features. The BACO algorithm can improve classification accuracy with an appropriate feature subset and optimal parameters of SVM. The proposed algorithm is easily implemented and because of use of a simple filter in that, its computational complexity is very low. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated through two real Rotary Cement kiln datasets. The results show that our algorithm outperforms existing algorithms.     

Online parameter identification of the asymmetrical Bouc–Wen model for piezoelectric actuators

The hysteresis of piezoelectric actuators (PAs) possesses the asymmetrical and frequency-dependent characteristics. In order to accurately model the hysteresis of a PA, an asymmetrical Bouc–Wen model is proposed and established in this paper. The recursive least-squares online identification method is used to real-time identify the parameters of the proposed model. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the data saturation phenomenon, the limited memory method is used to limit the number of the data sets. The experimental system is setup and the performance of this method is experimentally verified. Experimental results show that the proposed online identification method can effectively improve the modeling accuracy.     

压电微定位台的率相关动态迟滞建模及参数辨识

针对压电微定位台固有的率相关迟滞非线性严重限制其微定位精度的问题,研究了基于Backlash-Like的Hammerstein率相关迟滞非线性模型及其建模方法。以改进的Backlash-Like分段辨识模型描述压电微定位台的静态非线性特性,结合ARX(Auto Regressive eXogenous)模型,建立描述压电微定位台的率相关动态迟滞模型。同时,针对传统的粒子群算法(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)进行模型参数辨识时易陷入局部最优的问题,提出一种具有交叉变异策略的改进型粒子群算法进行模型的参数辨识。实验结果表明:与传统的Backlash-Like模型相比,改进的Backlash-Like分段辨识模型在输入电压为60V,频率为2Hz的信号时,模型辨识的最大误差由0.68μm下降到了0.104μm,最大相对误差由2.69%下降为0.35%。当压电微定位台输入电压为60V,频率分别为30Hz,60Hz和90Hz的单频信号时,Hammerstein率相关迟滞模型较Backlash-Like分段辨识模型,均方根误差由0.393 1～0.700 6μm下降至0.054 1～0.190 4μm,相对误差由1.721%～3.087%下降至0.236%～0.831%。验证了基于改进Backlash-Like的Hammerstein率相关迟滞模型较传统的Backlash-Like静态迟滞模型能精确地描述压电微定位台的率相关动态迟滞特性,具有较好的频率泛化能力,提高了压电微定位平台的定位精度。     

一种新的机电设备状态趋势智能混合预测模型

针对机电设备运行状态受多因素影响,变化趋势复杂,难以用单一预测方法进行有效预测的问题,提出一种新的基于改进灰色系统一支持向量机一神经模糊系统的智能混合预测模型。该模型首先利用改进灰色系统弱化数据序列波动性、支持向量机处理小样本和模糊神经系统处理非线性模糊信息的优点,分别进行趋势预测,然后通过改进遗传算法对这三者的预测结果进行自适应加权组合。将该模型应用于信号随机波动性较强、趋势变化复杂的标准算例和某机组振动趋势的预测中,研究结果表明,该模型的预测性能均优于上述三种单一预测方法。     

快速伺服刀架迟滞特性的Preisach建模

使用压电陶瓷作驱动元部件的快速伺服刀架是一种新的加工手段。本文介绍了基于Preisach模型的快速伺服刀架迟滞特性建模方法。作为快速伺服刀架的驱动元部件,压电陶瓷微位移器自身的迟滞、蠕变等非线性特性严重影响了快速伺服刀架的动态性能。为了精确建立快速伺服刀架的迟滞模型,给出了Preisach模型的数字表达方式,通过一系列实验测得的数据证明快速伺服刀架系统具有一致特性与擦除特性,满足Preisach模型的两个必要条件,最后在实验数据的基础上建立了基于Preisach模型的迟滞特性模型。实验表明,该迟滞模型可以很好地预测快速伺服刀架的迟滞位移曲线,其预测误差不超过0.65 μm。