具有飞跨电容辅助桥臂的五电平高压并网逆变器

结合当前五电平高压并网逆变器拓扑研究现状,提出了一种具有飞跨电容辅助桥臂的五电平中点钳位(5L-NPC)逆变器拓扑,并利用飞跨电容技术实现了中点自平衡,可作为10kV等级的风力发电、光伏等大功率并网逆变器或静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)。首先分析了造成常规5LNPC逆变器3个直流中点不平衡的原因,随后详细说明了飞跨电容技术实现中点自平衡的原理,并给出了相关参数的选取范围,最后通过实验验证了所提拓扑的正确性与可行性。     

五电平逆变器钳位电容平衡控制策略研究

为了避免中点钳位/H桥五电平逆变器拓扑结构中因直流母线上存在2个钳位电容而造成母线中点电位平衡控制较为复杂的问题,介绍了一种由单电容钳位的三电平拓扑与半桥组合形成的五电平逆变器拓扑.该五电平逆变器拓扑只需要保证一个钳位电容在每个三角载波周期内充、放电时间相等,即可实现钳位电容电压平衡控制.对此提出一种新型的SPWM控制...     

四桥臂三电平逆变器3D-SVPWM调制策略

针对四桥臂三电平中点钳位型逆变器传统的复杂三维空间矢量脉宽调制算法和中点电位不平衡问题,提出了基于分解思想的3D-SVPWM调制策略和基于电荷守恒的中点电位平衡算法。该调制策略将αβγ坐标系下四桥臂三电平逆变器电压矢量空间分布在αβ平面上的投影分解为两电平结构进行分析,并利用两电平的调制策略实现对参考电压矢量的调制;提出的中点电位平衡算法,根据电荷守恒原理调整冗余矢量的作用时间实现对中点电位的控制。与传统的调制策略相比,所提调制策略极大地简化了运算过程,并且实现了直流侧上下电容电压平衡。仿真和实验验证了本文所提策略的正确性。     

基于优化虚拟矢量的三电平逆变器中点电位平衡闭环控制

通过对二极管钳位型逆变器中点电位不平衡引起的直流侧电容电压振荡、功率器件电压应力增加及输出电压谐波等问题的分析,提出一种基于优化虚拟空间矢量的三电平逆变器中点电位平衡闭环控制方案,通过构建包含优化因子的最近三虚拟空间矢量模型合成参考空间矢量,根据中点电压实时反馈量对其进行优化,减少输出电压的谐波及失真,同时引入中点电位的不平衡量,计算出各优化虚拟空间矢量作用时间的补偿量,并利用对负载位移角的在线估计实现系统闭环控制。仿真与实验结果表明本方案具有良好的多电平逆变器中点电位平衡控制性能,有效降低了直流侧电容波动。     

单相Z源三电平中点钳位逆变器空间矢量调制方法

研究了一种单相Z源三电平中点钳位（NPC）逆变器。提出了一种适用于该单相Z源三电平NPC逆变器的空间矢量脉宽调制（SVPWM）方法,实现了逆变器的升压输出。根据负载电流方向和直流侧分压电容电压偏差的大小,通过调整正负小矢量的作用时间,实现了直流侧分压电容中点电位的平衡控制。仿真结果验证了该单相Z源三电平逆变器及其空间矢量调制方法的有效性。     

新型双钳位三电平PWM整流器双平衡调制策略研究

针对传统二极管钳位三电平整流器存在桥臂内侧开关关断过电压及直流侧中点电位偏移的问题,对一种新型高压、大功率双钳位三电平整流器进行了研究.分析了其工作原理及双钳位工作机制,推导出其在旋转坐标系下的数学模型,根据电流路径不能突变的特点,提出了能够同时满足直流侧电容及钳位电容电压平衡的"双平衡"调制方法.并通过MATLAB仿...     

混合钳位型四电平和五电平逆变器拓扑结构和控制策略

为了提高传统二极管钳位和飞跨电容多电平变换器的电平数并减少钳位器件的数量,同时避免五电平有源中点钳位拓扑中开关器件的直接串联,提出一种混合钳位四电平逆变器拓扑及其扩展五电平拓扑结构。为实现悬浮电容和母线中点电压的平衡控制,提出一种改进的载波移相PWM策略,通过微调PWM脉冲占空比实现悬浮电容和母线中间电容的平衡控制。在此基础上为实现上、下母线电容电压的平衡控制,提出一种基于最优零序电压注入的平衡控制策略。研制了一台实验样机并通过实验验证了该拓扑及控制策略的有效性和可行性。     

一种T型NPC三电平三相四桥臂中点电位控制策略

T型中点箝位三电平(TNPC)逆变器因其损耗低、效率高已被广泛应用,但中点电位平衡是关键问题之一。针对中点电位偏移,采用直流侧并联半桥模块并且中线串接电感构成第四桥臂的结构,分析了第4桥臂数学模型及在三相负载平衡和不平衡工况下中点偏移电压谐波次含量,根据中点偏移电压谐波次含量不同提出基于PIR比例积分谐振的电压电流双环控制。该方法能够实现第4桥臂与TNPC独立控制,仿真和实验结果表明该方法能够保证直流侧中点电位平衡。     

有源中点钳位5电平变流器SHE-PWM控制方法

考虑到传统二极管钳位型和电容钳位型拓扑应用于6 k V/10 k V高压变频领域时存在的诸多问题,提出了一种有源中点钳位式(ANPC)5电平变流器选择谐波消除脉宽调制(SHE-PWM)控制方法。在分析了ANPC 5电平拓扑各桥臂的基本结构的基础上,建立了ANPC拓扑相关数学模型;分析了5电平SHE-PWM的基本原理,构建了以消除低次谐波为目标的非线性方程组,并基于牛顿迭代法给出N=7时的SHE-PWM相关解域;针对ANPC拓扑存在的飞跨电容稳压问题,分析了飞跨电容的稳压原理,进而给出了冗余电压矢量调度方式。样机实验结果表明,所提ANPC 5电平拓扑SHE-PWM控制方法实现了低开关频率下变流系统的高效控制,在消除系统低次谐波的基础上,保证了直流电容和飞跨电容的稳压效果。     

NPC/H桥逆变器调制策略及其中点电位控制

以中点钳位型H(neutral point clamped H,NPC/H)桥逆变器为对象,研究该拓扑调制策略中存在的算法繁琐、直流侧电容电压波动问题。在分析了NPC/H桥五电平逆变器主电路工作原理的基础上,为简化空间矢量脉宽调制（space vector pulse width modulation,SVPWM）算法和抑制低开关频率下逆变器输出畸变,设计了一种基于g-h坐标系的三段式SVPWM算法。该算法开关状态选择灵活,具有开关损耗低、谐波性能好的特点。基于SVPWM算法,分析直流侧电容电压波动原因,根据电流方向和电容电压差,合理选择左、右桥臂的开关状态,平衡电容中点电位。搭建Simulink仿真模型,对比不同开关频率和不同调制度下逆变器输出性能,验证了三段式开关序列在低开关频率工况下的明显优势。基于以数字信号处理器和现场可编程门阵列（digital singnal processor and field-programmable gate array,DSP&FPGA）为控制器的NPC/H桥五电平逆变器实验平台,验证了三段式SVPWM策略和中点电位控制方法的有效性。     

A multilevel voltage-source inverter with separate DC sources forstatic VAr generation

A new multilevel voltage-source inverter with separate DC sources is proposed for high-voltage, high-power applications, such as flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) including static VAr generation (SVG), power-line conditioning, series compensation, phase shifting, voltage balancing, fuel cell, and photovoltaic utility systems interfacing, etc. The new M-level inverter consists of (M-1)/2 single-phase full bridges in which each bridge has its own separate DC source. This inverter can generate almost sinusoidal waveform voltage with only one time switching per cycle as the number of levels increases. It can solve the size-and-weight problems of conventional transformer-based multipulse inverters and the component-counts problems of multilevel diode-clamp and flying-capacitor inverters. To demonstrate the superiority of the new inverter, an SVG system using the new inverter topology is discussed through analysis, simulation, and experiment     

Multilevel DC-link inverter

This paper presents a new class of multilevel inverters based on a multilevel dc link (MLDCL) and a bridge inverter to reduce the number of switches, clamping diodes, or capacitors. An MLDCL can be a diode-clamped phase leg, a flying-capacitor phase leg, or cascaded half-bridge cells with each cell having its own dc source. A multilevel voltage-source inverter can be formed by connecting one of the MLDCLs with a single-phase bridge inverter. The MLDCL provides a dc voltage with the shape of a staircase approximating the rectified shape of a commanded sinusoidal wave, with or without pulsewidth modulation, to the bridge inverter, which in turn alternates the polarity to produce an ac voltage. Compared with the cascaded H-bridge, diode-clamped, and flying-capacitor multilevel inverters, the MLDCL inverters can significantly reduce the switch count as well as the number of gate drivers as the number of voltage levels increases. For a given number of voltage levels m, the required number of active switches is 2/spl times/(m-1) for the existing multilevel inverters but is m+3 for the MLDCL inverters. Simulation and experimental results are included to verify the operating principles of the MLDCL inverters.     

一种改进的级联型多电平变换器拓扑

该文提出了一种改进的级联型多电平变换器，它可以由任意个H-桥单元级联构成。其中的H．桥可以是两电平，也可以是二极管箝位型或电容箝位型的任意电平，不同单元采用不同的独立直流电压源。相对于传统的级联型拓扑，在得到相同输出电平的情况下，新拓扑可以使用较少数量的开关器件和较少数量的独立电压源，从而简化电路，降低成本。该文以两电平H-桥(2-H)和飞跨电容型三电平H-桥(3-H)级联构成的拓扑为例进行了分析研究和仿真验证。     

Fuzzy PID control of a stand-alone system based on PEM fuel cell

Fuel cell (FC) systems are appropriate candidates as alternative energy sources for use in stand-alone applications. However, the FC generates an unregulated voltage, which is not suitable in stand-alone application usage solely. This paper presents the control of stand-alone application based on fuzzy PID (FPID) controller. The aim of this paper is designing and controlling a suitable power conditioning unit (PCU) that consists of two DC/DC converter stages and DC/AC inverter. In addition, an analysis of cascade structure based on fuzzy PID controller for a single phase inverter is done and also two feedback control loops are comprised. Inductor current and capacitor voltage are measured and sent through feedback to the inner loop and the outer loop, respectively. Besides, to evaluate the proposed controller robustness, the PCU is considered under step loads as disturbance. Finally, it is shown that the proposed controller has a robust behavior and good transient response.     

PEMFC并网发电系统建模与优化控制

结合质子交换膜燃料电池（proton exchange membrane fuel cell,PEMFC）电化学特性、气体流量特性及温度特性,考虑FC模块的效率及寿命,建立基于PSCAD/EMTDC的PEMFC发电系统自定义动态模型,提出PEMFC组中FC模块运行优化算法及其并网控制策略。FC模块运行优化利用先进先出算法,实现FC模块等时运行,DC/DC变换部分采用Boost电路电压外环、电流内环的双环控制,实现DC电压平稳输出,DC/AC并网逆变器采用功率外环、电流内环的双环控制的定功率控制策略,实现系统友好同步并网。通过PSCAD/EMTDC软件平台,仿真验证了所提系统的正确性和有效性。     

A novel active power quality compensator topology with DC voltage balancer for electrified railways

This paper proposes a novel active power quality compensator (APQC) topology with a DC voltage balancer for electrified railways. The APQC is composed of a three‐leg structure with two common DC capacitors. Two legs perform as two half‐bridge inverters, which compensate the unbalanced active, reactive, and harmonic currents on the source side in the traction substation. The third leg controls two common DC capacitor voltages with a small amount of the output currents. Therefore, the current rating of the third leg can be reduced as compared to that of the already proposed three‐leg structured APQC. In the control algorithm of the two half‐bridge inverters, a strategy based on constant DC capacitor voltage control is used, which does not need any calculation blocks of the unbalanced active, reactive, and harmonic components of the load current to perform the APQC operation. Thus we offer the simplest algorithm for the proposed APQC. The basic principle of the proposed APQC topology with the DC voltage balancer is discussed in detail, and then confirmed by digital computer simulation using the PSIM software. A prototype experimental model is constructed and tested. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed APQC can achieve balanced and sinusoidal source currents on the primary side of the Scott transformer in traction substations for electrified railways. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

一种基于UC3879控制的全桥软开关DC/DC变换器

传统电力操作开关电源采用晶闸管直流电源,存在体积大、重量重、可靠性差等主要缺点,为解决这些问题,本文介绍了一种全桥零电压零电流开关(ZVZCS)DC/DCPWM变换器,它通过在超前臂开关管上并联电容来实现零电压开关(ZVS),滞后臂通过控制次级有源箝位开关,实现滞后臂的零电流开关(ZCS),滞后臂开关串联二极管来防止反向电流流动。采用移相控制方式,移相控制由集成电路UC3879来实现,文中对3875和3879进行了比较,对相关参数进行了计算,给出了外围连接电路。用该方法设计了一台220V/10A的DC/DC电源模块,实验表明,超前臂实现了ZVS,滞后臂实现了ZCS,开关范围很大,满载效率可以达到92.6%。     

基于单周期控制的三相VIENNA整流器中点电压平衡控制策略

三相VIENNA整流器作为三电平Boost型中点箝位NPC(neutral point clamped)结构变换器,其具有所需开关器件少、功率因数高、开关管电压应力小和控制环节简单等特点,具有较高的研究价值。而中点电位波动是NPC结构变换器固有的问题,以单周期控制的三相VIENNA整流器作为研究对象。对其直流母线电压利用率较低和中点电压交流波动的问题进行建模分析,提出了在单周期控制基础上加入中点电压平衡控制环,不仅可以基本消除中点电压波动,而且可以提高直流母线电压利用率。最后通过仿真验证了所提控制策略的正确性。     

基于占空比调节的悬浮电容五电平逆变器的PWM控制

控制悬浮电容电压的平衡是保证悬浮电容多电平逆变器运行安全的关键。提出了以占空比为控制量的闭环PWM控制，其思路是根据单元电压的测量值实时调节相应功率开关的占空比，进而调节悬浮电容的充、放电时间来控制电容电压的平衡。该方法不但能有效抑制因装置电路系统不对称而引起的悬浮电容电压偏移，而且能动态调整由输入电压突变引起的换流单元电压不均衡，在任一运行点处，均能保证功率器件的开关频率均衡，控制执行时间仅约为载波周期的2倍。文中还建立了电流预估计模型，用来估计电流过零点位置，以消除负载电流在控制周期内变号而引起的控制误差。仿真结果验证了所提出的控制方法及算法的有效性。