贝壳和石灰石的最佳固硫反应温度与微观结构特性

为寻找钙基材料最佳固硫反应温度存在的原因,在对其硫化反应过程进行分析的基础上,对贝壳和石灰石的微观结构特性进行了实验研究;研究认为:反应过程中气体在颗粒内部微孔内的扩散阻力是影响最佳固硫反应温度的主要因素。在流化床和热分析条件下,对贝壳、石灰石两类材料的硫化反应温度特性进行了实验验证,结果表明:由于贝壳的内部微孔连通性好,气体流动阻力小且平均孔径是石灰石的10-30倍,因而其最佳固硫反应温度比石灰石高出50-150℃。     

纳米CaCO3作固硫剂的基础研究

本文主要研究纳米碳酸钙与固硫有关的微观物理特性和固硫特性。研究表明,纳米碳酸钙有较好的利于固硫反应的微观物理特性和固硫特性,但固硫效果的好坏同结构特性有关,并且固硫特性受温度条件的支配影响,纳米碳酸钙用作喷钙吸收剂已具备一定的实用意义     

新型钙基吸收剂中温烟气固硫特性分析

用热重分析法测量了中温(400-800℃)烟气固硫新型钙基吸收剂的钙转化率。在最初的几分钟内,钙转化率增加迅速,产物层形成后基本不再增加。固硫反应速率随温度升高而增大。一定温度下的速率先增加后减少最后趋于平缓．这是由气相在吸收剂颗粒间的扩散和在产物层内的扩散引起的。热重试验与流化床脱硫的主要区别在于气相颗粒间扩散以及由此引起的反应表面SO2浓度不同．提出了表观反应的概念,以便建立模型并向流化床状态过渡。     

温度对二氧化硫紫外差分吸收特性影响的实验研究

为应用差分吸收光谱法(DOAS)技术于火电厂等固定污染源的排放监测,需要研究温度等因素对SO2污染气体紫外差分吸收特性的影响。对SO2在其紫外280-320 nm差分特征波段,温度从30-400℃差分吸收特性进行的实验研究表明,温度升高使得差分光谱峰值减小峰谷值上升, 210℃与390℃相对于30℃的差分吸收计算浓度相对误差为 -40％和-70％左右,但整个差分结构吸收频率没有发生变化。     

NO2对中温干法脱硫反应影响的实验研究

利用鼓泡床反应器对NO2对中温干法脱硫反应的影响开展了实验研究.分别采用分析纯CaO和工业级石灰两种物质作为吸收剂,在250℃和350℃两个反应温度下研究NO2对吸收剂转化率的影响.结果表明,NO2的存在可以提高吸收剂转化率;250℃下NO2的作用显著高于350℃;250℃下NO2浓度的增加对吸收剂转化率基本没有影响;在350℃时,对于分析纯CaO,NO2浓度的增加降低了吸收剂转化率,这主要是由于SO2与NO2的竞争反应引起的;工业级石灰内含杂质较多,对一些反应有催化作用,因而其反应现象与分析纯CaO略有不同.     

钙基复合载氧体的化学链燃烧循环实验研究

在固定床实验台架上，研究了用浸渍制备的CaSO4复合载氧体与一氧化碳的反应特性。循环实验结果表明添加助剂可大幅度提高CaSO4的反应活性；随着温度的升高，SO2急剧增加，而COS无明显变化；在850℃时含Ni—Fe的载氧体在等生成CO2能力下的硫损失率最小。通过一系列的表征手段，分析了反应前后载氧体组分，表面结构的变化...     

铝基矿物在钙基固硫过程中的固相反应机理分析

在高温电阻炉中对高硫煤掺入钙铝基添加剂后进行燃烧试验,分析了不同条件下煤中加入添加剂后固硫效率、固硫灰渣的矿物组成及微观形貌的变化特性;综合采用TG-FTIR-XRD研究了化学纯矿物CaO-A12O3-CaSO4体系中硫酸钙的高温热分解过程及产物组成.结果表明,A12O3的加入通过固相反应来影响钙基固硫效率,A12O3对固硫效率的影响并非呈单一性;低温下生成Ca-Al酸盐矿物削弱了固硫反应,而高温下CaSO4与灰中生成的含Ca、Al类矿物反应形成高温固硫物相硫铝酸钙并抑制其分解则提高了钙基固硫效率.     

利用链式反应同步氧化烟气中NO和SO2的研究

燃煤烟气中NO和SO2的氧化对于提高其脱除效率和改良脱除产物有重要意义。基于大气化学的研究成果,本文提出了利用链式反应同步氧化烟气中NO和SO2的设想。阐述了该方法的反应机理,数值实验研究了在烟气条件下该链式反应发生的可能性以及反应温度对NO和SO2氧化率的影响,提出了利用低成本的添加剂引发链式反应的方法,并分析了选择添加剂的原则。     

Tm-SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2的催化酯化性能及XRD和IR表征

制备了固体超强酸催化剂 Tm- SO2 -4 / Ti O2 ,用于柠檬酸与正丁醇的酯化反应。考察焙烧温度对 Tm-SO2 -4 / Ti O2 催化酯化性能的影响及其在酯化反应中的稳定性 ,用 XRD与 IR研究其结构与性能的关系。结果表明 ,焙烧温度为 60 0℃条件下制得的催化剂 ,其催化选择性达 99.2 % ;锐钛矿 Ti O2 (A)晶相的形成与完善是提高催化选择性的关键因素。催化剂 Tm- SO2 -4 / Ti O2 具有良好的稳定性 ,重复使用 5次后反应的转化率仍高达 93.1% ;负载 Tm能显著降低催化剂表面的积碳量 ,且有效抑制 SO2 -4 的流失     

液固反应微观-宏观关联模型及实验验证

当液一固反应为流体扩散控制时,以缩核模型为基础,得到了单颗粒消溶时粒径的变化规律,满足平方反比定律;在单颗粒消溶的基础上,建立了颗粒群消溶模型,得到了单颗粒微观反应模型和颗粒群宏观反应特征的关联关系.以不同种类的石灰石在不同温度和pH值下的消溶过程为例,对液固反应的微观-宏观关联模型进行了实验验证,实验和数学模型吻合较好.该关联模型对完善液固反应理论体系,实现宏观实验数据反推微观化学反应参数的测量技术具有重要意义.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.