三元混合工质在变浓度空气源热泵中的应用

简要回顾了国内外变浓度（容量）热泵系统中混合工质的研究进展,结合理论和试验结果,提出了在变浓度空气源热泵系统中使用三元混合工质的概念,并与二元混合工质进行了比较。通过数值模拟优选出具有较大潜力的R32／R125／R227ea,R32／R143a／R22Tea,R32／R143a／R134a和R32／R125／R134a三元非共沸混合工质,分析了它们在变浓度热泵系统中的运行特性,结果表明,它们在满足热泵变浓度容量调节方面具有较大潜力,是替代R22的理想工质,其中首推R32／R125／R227ea。     

空气源热泵的稳态仿真及性能比较

建立了空气源热泵的稳态仿真模型,得出了R22和其替代工质R32／R134a系统循环性能随工况的变化曲线。相同工况下两种工质性能比较结果表明,采用混合工质的系统制热性能系数高,制热量低,耗功量小,混合工质替代纯工质有一定的节能优势。     

高温环境下替换工质R134a的特性分析

介绍了目前行车空调使用的制冷剂的种类和特性，对替代工质R134a的高温特性进行了分析，并和其它工质进行比较，指出R134a是一种比较好的适应高温环境的工质，以及使用R134a时应注意的问题。     

R134a/R245fa对比R245fa高温热泵循环性能实验研究

利用螺杆式高温热泵实验台,以混合工质R134a/R245fa(质量比3∶7)和纯工质R245fa为研究对象,实验研究了两种工质在高温工况下的循环性能,并进行对比分析.结果表明,混合工质R134a/R245fa的制热量比同工况下R245fa机组高27.6%～44.3%,COP值比同工况下R245fa机组低14.3%～22.8%.当冷凝器出水温度为99.8℃时,混合工质R134a/R245fa的冷凝压力为2.12 MPa,排气温度为114.2℃,均处在机组安全范围之内.而R245fa因具有更低的冷凝压力和排气温度,可作为冷凝器更高出水温度时的热泵工质.     

三种中高温工质热力性质分析

简要分析了中高温工质R123,R142b和R134a的化学性质,用热力学指标综合评价了3种工质的性能。评价结果表明,R134a适用于中低温热泵机组,R142b适用于供热温度较高的小型热泵装置,R123适用于中高温热泵机组,且供热温度可以达到80℃。     

采用替代工质的空气源热泵性能试验研究

测试了热泵系统在典型空调工况下采用R22的替代工质R134a,R404A,R407C时的制热量、功耗和COP。结果表明R407C的性能与R22比较接近,是R22比较理想的替代工质。     

热力条件对工质热力循环影响的分析

根据工质是否能达到环境影响小、价格合理、来源丰富、热力学性质满足制冷循环等指标。选择HFCs类制冷剂R245fa,R245ca和R236ea及R134a和碳氢类的制冷剂R600作为热泵新工质进行性能循环分析。并以热泵的制热系数COP,单位容积的制热量qv,压缩机进出口的压力比为工质循环性能评价依据进行具体的理论计算,最后整理、统计数据的计算结果,作出不同热力条件下,各种工质COP、qv压比的比较图,得出不同工质在不同热力条件下的性能特点和各自的适用范围。     

非共沸混合工质R134a/R245fa温度滑移研究

基于筛选出的混合工质R134a/R245fa,利用REFPROP软件计算其同一工况下换热器两相区内相变过程焓变斜率与两相区长度上混合工质的温度滑移。对比相变过程中传热温差最大、最小点的产生条件,精确换热器中混合工质传热温差的变化,为保持热泵系统的良好运行提供一定的理论依据。     

清华大学研发的“环保型高温水源热泵机组”通过北京市的鉴定

近五年来,国内已有数个品牌的水源热泵产品,但大多采用R22作为热泵工质,供暖时,热水出水温度为55℃左右。仅有的一种,使用R134a作为工质,供暖时最高温度可达70℃,稳定工作的温度在60～65℃左右。     

清华大学研发的“环保型高温水源热泵机组”通过北京市的鉴定

(本刊讯)近五年来，国内已有数个品牌的水源热泵产品，但大多采用R22作为热泵工质，供暖时，热水出水温度为55％：左右。仅有的一种，使用R134a作为工质，供暖时最高温度可达70％：，稳定工作的温度在60～65％：左右。     

Performance of a new refrigeration cycle using refrigerant mixture R32/R134a for residential air-conditioner applications

In this paper, a new refrigeration cycle (NRC) using the binary non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture R32/R134a is presented, which can be an alternative refrigeration cycle applied in residential air-conditioner. In the NRC, refrigerant circuit of the evaporator is separated into two branches. Because the non-azeotropic mixture has the characteristic of temperature glide, an important benefit of such configuration is that the Lorentz cycle can be realized. Compared with that of conventional cycle configuration, the new cycle efficiency can be improved. The calculating results show that, in the conventional refrigeration cycle (CRC), the mixture R32/R134a has a close performance to that is obtainable with pure refrigerant R22. However, the mixture R32/R134a in the NRC will result in a better performance. The maximal COP can be improved in a range of 8–9% over that of the CRC, and the volumetric refrigerating capacity can be approximately increased by 9.5%.     

环保型空调器的研究与试验

选择对臭氧层无破坏作用的Ｒ３２／Ｒ１３４ａ混合工质作为家用空调器工质Ｒ２２的替代物，对其与润滑油的相溶性，可燃性等进行了实验研究，并对使用这种工质的压缩机，空调器进行了实验。     

Use of nanoparticles to make mineral oil lubricants feasible for use in a residential air conditioner employing hydro-fluorocarbons refrigerants

The application of nano-fluids in refrigerating systems is considered to be a potential way to improve the energy efficiency and reliability of HVAC&R facilities and to make economic the use of environment-friendly refrigerants. In this paper, we report a method that uses nanoparticles to enhance the energy efficiency of retrofitted residential air conditioners (RAC) employing HFCs as alternative refrigerants. The reliability and performance of RAC with nanoparticles in the working fluid have been investigated experimentally. A new mineral-based nano-refrigeration oil (MNRO), formed by blending some nanoparticles (NiFe₂O₄) into naphthene based oil B32, was employed in the RAC using R410a as refrigerant. A method showing how to disperse the NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles in the mineral oil refrigeration lubricants is presented together with an investigation of their stability. The solubilities of the new MNRO in R134a, R407C, R410a and R425a were measured. The performances of the RAC, such as the cooling/heating capacity, the power input and the energy efficiency ratio, were determined. The results indicate that the mixture of R410a/MNRO works normally in the RAC. The cooling/heating EER of the RAC increased about 6% by replacing the Polyol-Easter oil VG 32 lubricant with MNRO.     

汽车空调制冷剂R134a代替R12的研究

通过对R134a与R12两种制冷剂性质的对比,分析了R134a代替R12后对空调系统产生的影响以及系统作出的相应改变,指出R134a具有作为汽车空调制冷剂应具备的各种热工性能、安全性和环境性能等条件,总结出R134a代替R12的可行性与必要性。     

空调常用制冷剂在微通道蒸发器中的性能分析

通过换热器优化软件设计了一款微通道平行流蒸发器模型,利用已验证的传热与压降关联式,在不同的模拟工况下研究分析了R22、R290(propane)、R134a、R410A、R1234yf在蒸发器模型中的传热与流动性能。结果表明:在质量流量一定的条件下,R290的换热量远高于其他制冷剂,是R22的1.63倍,R410A的换热量与R22相差无几,换热量最小的制冷剂为R1234yf;R290的充注量为147 g,仅为R22的72.4%,R134a的充注量最大,达到了221 g;制冷剂侧压降损失最大的R290,压降损失达到了75.4 k Pa。在理论换热量一定、质量流量不定的条件下,换热量最大的制冷剂是R134a,达到了8 500 W;充注量和制冷剂侧压降损失最小的制冷剂为R290,并且其换热量达到了8 230.4 W。     

Application of a closed-loop oscillating heat pipe with check valves (CLOHP/CV) on performance enhancement in air conditioning system

The objective of this paper was to study the application and working fluid type of a closed-loop oscillating heat pipe with check valves on energy consumption in split type air conditioning system. In the experiment, the CLOHP/CV was fabricated from the copper tube with the diameter of 2.03 mm. In the usual range of 20-27 °C indoor design temperature and 50% relative humidity. R134a, R22 and R502 refrigerant was used as working fluid in the CLOHP/CV set for this study. In comparison of the type with a conventional air conditioning system and that with the CLOHP/CV air conditioning system, the results have shown that; the new cooling load had increased 3.6%, the latter gave the highest value of 14.9%, 17.6% for COP and EER, respectively. The highest value of heat flux was 5.19 kW/m² with R134a was used as the working fluid, at overall operating temperature. The results of this study are expected to guideline as they improve the performance of the air conditioning system in buildings, which reduce its energy consumption.     

HCFC-22替代制冷剂性能分析

通过对14种由R32、R125、R134a、R152a、R290(丙烷)及R1270(丙烯)组成的制冷剂混合物的性能分析,以求寻一种替代HCFC—22用于家用空调器的理想制冷剂。