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目的 探究着丝粒蛋白F（CENPF）在脑胶质瘤中的表达及预后分析。方法 通过对癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）和中国脑胶质瘤图谱（CGGA）数据库进行生物信息分析,比较CENPF在低级别胶质瘤（LGG）、胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）和癌旁组织中的表达差异以及与患者预后之间的关系,并在数据库中对CENPF mRNA与P53、Ki-67以及IDH-1分型进行相关性分析。采用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）法检测CENPF mRNA表达水平,免疫组织化学法和Western blotting法检测癌旁组织和不同级别胶质瘤组织中CENPF表达水平。多因素COX分析CENPF与临床病理参数及患者预后的关系,并绘制Kaplan‐Meier生存曲线。利用TCGA数据库对CENPF进行KEGG富集分析,探索该基因在胶质瘤中发展中可能参与的信号通路。结果 CENPF表达水平与胶质瘤WHO分级呈正相关,且CENPF高表达的胶质瘤患者生存时间短于低表达患者。数据库相关性分析显示CENPF mRNA与P53、Ki-67以及IDH-1野生型呈正相关。qRT-PCR实验结果表明CENPF mRNA在胶质瘤组织中表达增高,免疫组织化学和Western blotting实验结果表明CENPF表达与WHO等级呈正相关。临床病理参数分析表明在胶质瘤组织中CENPF表达情况与胶质瘤WHO分级（P=0.002）、P53（P=0.016）、Ki-67（P<0.001）表达有关。多因素COX分析显示WHO分级（P<0.001）、CENPF表达（P=0.008）、P53（P=0.003）和Ki-67（P=0.006）表达为胶质瘤患者预后不良的危险因素。Kaplan‐Meier生存曲线表明CENPF高表达的胶质瘤患者生存时间短于低表达患者（P<0.0001）。KEGG富集分析显示CENPF在参与细胞周期、DNA复制、WNT/beta-catenin、mTORC1等通路中具有显著富集。结论 CENPF在胶质瘤组织中表达增高,其表达与WHO分级、Ki-67以及P53分型相关;CENPF可作为判断胶质瘤患者预后的生物标志物。 相似文献
2.
目的 探讨同源框CUT样蛋白1（CUX-1）及X射线交错互补修复基因3（XRCC3）在组织中的表达水平，及与胶质瘤患者病理指标及预后的关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学染色及蛋白质印迹法检测66例胶质瘤组织以及10例正常脑组织CUX-1及XRCC3的表达水平，分析它们之间的关系及其与患者临床病理指标和预后的关系。结果 CUX-1和XRCC3表达水平随肿瘤WHO分级的升高而上调（P<0.01），且两者的表达与胶质瘤WHO分级及增殖指标Ki67、P53mut相关（P<0.01）。CUX-1与XRCC3之间的表达呈正相关（rs=0.773，P=0.006）。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线表明CUX-1及XRCC3高表达患者生存时间缩短（P<0.05）。结论 CUX-1及XRCC3两者之间的表达呈正相关，并在胶质瘤中表达上调，且与不良预后相关。 相似文献
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目的 探讨TRIM38基因非CpG岛DNA甲基化与胶质瘤异柠檬酸脱氢酶（IDH）基因突变之间的关系。方法 利用中国胶质瘤基因组图谱计划（CGGA）数据库的多组学数据和临床资料，比较在IDH野生型或突变型的胶质瘤中，TRIM38非CpG岛DNA甲基化的改变模式以及与基因表达和临床预后的关系。结果 共纳入CGGA胶质瘤325例及非肿瘤对照脑组织（NTB组）11例，分析发现IDH野生型胶质瘤TRIM38非CpG岛DNA甲基化和基因表达，相对NTB组分别发生低甲基化（P =0.000）和高表达（P=0.007），且两者之间呈负相关（P=0.017）。生存分析显示，TRIM38非CpG岛DNA甲基化水平与IDH野生型肿瘤的预后有关（P=0.061）。结论 IDH突变可能通过限制TRIM38基因非CpG岛DNA低甲基化介导的肿瘤促癌基因表达上调，为IDH突变相关的胶质瘤提供“保护作用”。 相似文献
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目的 对CD58在胶质瘤中的表达及意义做初步研究。方法 从癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）数据库中获取胶质瘤相关样本的基因测序结果及临床信息,分析胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）组、低级别胶质瘤（LGG）组和非瘤脑组织（Non-tumor）组中CD58的表达差异及生存预后相关性,构建预后模型分析CD58表达与危险度评分关系及CD58高表达组和低表达组的总生存期差异,采用多变量Cox回归分析CD58表达对预后的影响;将40例临床样本分为三组：非瘤脑组织（Non-tumor）组,I、Ⅱ级胶质瘤为低级别胶质瘤（LGG）组,Ⅲ、Ⅳ级胶质瘤为高级别胶质瘤（HGG）组,运用免疫组织化学（免疫组化）检测三组中CD58的表达,并分析各组之间的表达差异。结果 表达差异分析显示,GBM组、LGG组和Non-tumor组的CD58表达依次降低（均P＜0.05）;危险度评分与CD58表达正相关,表达越高患者生存期越短（P＜0.05）;多变量Cox回归分析显示CD58表达水平是影响胶质瘤预后的因素,表达水平越高,死亡风险越大;免疫组化结果显示CD58阳性反应物位于细胞胞膜,HGG组阳性细胞数高于LGG组和Non-tumor组（均P＜0.05）,但三组的阳性例数无差别。结论 CD58在高级别胶质瘤中的表达高于低级别胶质瘤和非瘤脑组织,其表达差异与胶质瘤生存期相关,CD58高表达是胶质瘤预后的危险因素。CD58可以作为判定胶质瘤的恶性程度及预后的一项指标。
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目的 探讨术前血小板相关参数对胶质瘤患者肿瘤复发的预测作用。方法 分析联勤保障部队第九〇九医院2015—2017年收治的93例胶质瘤患者临床病理资料,根据随访期间肿瘤是否复发分为无复发组（n=52）和复发组（n=41）,分析血小板相关参数与胶质瘤分级的相关性,采用ROC曲线分析血小板计数（PLT）、血小板体积分布宽度（PDW）、血小板压积(PCT)、平均血小板体积（MPV）、平均血小板体积/血小板计数（MPV/PLT）对肿瘤复发的预测作用,多因素Cox分析肿瘤复发的影响因素,采用Kaplan-Meier曲线分析这些因素对肿瘤复发的影响。结果 胶质瘤Ⅲ、Ⅳ级患者PLT、PCT、高于胶质瘤Ⅰ、Ⅱ级患者（t=-2.388、-2.335,均P<0.05）;胶质瘤Ⅲ、Ⅳ级患者中MPV、MPV/PLT低于胶质瘤Ⅰ、Ⅱ级患者（均P<0.05）;无复发组患者PLT和PCT低于复发组（均P<0.05）;无复发组患者MPV和MPV/PLT高于复发组（均P<0.05）;PLT的ROC曲线下面积（UAC）为0.630（95%CI=0.517~0.743,P=0.032）,阈值为216×109/L;MPV的UAC为0.633（95%CI=0.518~0.747,P=0.029）,阈值为8.65 fL;MPV/PLT的UAC为0.731（95%CI=0.626~0.835,P<0.001）,阈值为0.040;多因素分析结果发现,肿瘤分级（Ⅲ、Ⅳ）、MPV≤8.65 fL、MPV/PLT≤0.040是术后肿瘤复发的危险因素（95%CI分别为1.778~3.530、1.730~4.450、1.811~6.067,均P<0.05）;肿瘤分级（Ⅲ、Ⅳ）预测术后肿瘤复发曲线下面积为0.679（95%CI=0.569~0.789,P=0.003）。Kaplan-Meier曲线分析显示,MPV≤8.65 fL患者术后3年复发率高于MPV>8.65 fL患者（Long Rank=10.990,P=0.001）;MPV/PLT≤0.040患者术后3年复发率高于MPV/PLT>0.040患者（Long Rank=6.289,P=0.012）。结论 胶质瘤患者术前MPV和MPV/PLT与术后肿瘤复发有关,可以用于肿瘤预后预测,具有一定临床意义。 [国际神经病学神经外科学杂志, 2023, 50(4): 29-33] 相似文献
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目的 探讨突变型p53在颅底脊索瘤中的表达与患者预后及临床特点的关联,并在细胞层面验证突变型p53在颅底脊索瘤中的功能。方法 纳入2005年1月—2014年12月在首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院接受手术治疗的颅底脊索瘤患者49例,应用石蜡切片进行免疫组织化学染色,分析突变型p53表达与颅底脊索瘤患者预后及临床特点的关系。应用siRNA敲降脊索瘤细胞系UCH-1中的p53基因,分析敲降前后细胞功能的变化。结果 在蛋白水平,突变型p53表达水平是肿瘤术后进展的风险因素,随突变型p53表达水平升高,肿瘤进展风险增加（OR：1.040,95%CI：1.007~1.073,P=0.016）;另外,骨质浸润型肿瘤较非浸润型中突变型p53表达升高（t=3.319,P=0.002）,质地硬的较质地软的肿瘤突变型p53表达升高（t=-3.503,P=0.001）,血供丰富型较不丰富型肿瘤突变型p53表达升高（t=2.081,P=0.043）。细胞水平,与对照组相比,p53敲降组的细胞活力在不同时间点间有差异（F=305.715,P=0.000）;p53敲降组细胞凋亡率低于对照组（t=-3.961,P=0.017）;与对照组相比,p53敲降组在第6（t=-5.232,P=0.014）、12（t=4.778,P=0.017）及24（t=-9.303,P=0.003）小时穿透至下室的肿瘤细胞均增多。结论 颅底脊索瘤中突变型p53表达升高可导致术后肿瘤进展风险增加,其表达与肿瘤质地、侵袭性和血供情况相关;突变型p53表达受抑制后脊索瘤细胞增殖和侵袭能力提高,凋亡减少。 相似文献
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目的 探讨细胞周期相关基因在胶质瘤患者中的表达及预后价值。方法 利用CGGA数据库筛选与胶质瘤患者预后相关的细胞周期基因，并基于CGGA与TCGA中胶质瘤患者的临床数据，通过LASSO回归分析，构建预测患者生存情况的预后模型。根据计算公式，区分高低风险组患者，组间进行GSEA富集分析与ssGSEA免疫微环境分析。结果 筛选到10个与患者预后密切相关的细胞周期基因，LASSO回归分析纳入4个基因[细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂2C（CDKN2C）、姐妹染色单体分离的PTTG1调控因子（PTTG1）、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶2（CDK2）、WEE1 G2检查点激酶（WEE1）]构建预后模型，计算公式为：风险值（risk socre）=（0.008）×CDKN2C表达量+（0.022）×PTTG1表达量+（0.031）×CDK2表达量+（0.127）×WEE1表达量。生存分析显示，高风险组患者生存率低于低风险组，ROC曲线表明，模型在CGGA与TCGA队列中，均具有较好的预测能力。GSEA富集分析显示，高风险组富集到多个细胞周期进程相关的信号通路，提示可能参与胶质瘤的恶性进程。免疫微环境分析表明，高风险组患者的免疫细胞浸润与免疫反应激活程度均高于低风险组。结论 基于细胞周期相关基因的预后模型可较好地应用于胶质瘤患者的预后预测，纳入的关键基因可能是胶质瘤治疗的可靠靶点。 [国际神经病学神经外科学杂志, 2023, 50(4): 15-24] 相似文献
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目的 探究血清神经珠蛋白（NGB）、脑钠肽（BNP）水平与颅脑损伤（TBI）患者伤情严重程度及预后的相关性。方法 以127例TBI患者为研究对象,99例健康志愿者作为对照。利用ELISA法检测血清中的NGB和BNP水平,格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)判断预后。分析TBI患者治疗前血清中NGB和BNP的含量与TBI程度的关系。结果 末次随访TBI患者预后良好组血清中NGB和BNP的含量低于预后不良组（P<0.05）。TBI患者血清中NGB和BNP的含量与TBI程度成正相关（r=0.705,0.781;P<0.05）,与格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GOS）评分呈负相关（r=-0.886,-0.812;P<0.05）。血清中NGB含量与TBI程度有相关性(OR=1.059,95％CI:1.004~1.325,P=0.030)。ROC曲线结果显示,血清中BNP含量与TBI程度有相关性(OR=1.217,95％CI:1.015～1.377,P=0.020)。结论 血清NGB、BNP水平与TBI患者伤情严重程度及预后康复效果呈正相关。 相似文献
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目的 细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶抑制基因2A/B（CDKN2A/B） 纯合缺失在较低级别胶质瘤（2或3级）中罕见，新版WHO分类将其定为恶性度最高4级。该研究旨在系统报道CDKN2A/B纯合缺失在较低级别胶质瘤中的临床特点、预后及相关功能通路。方法 收集473例有CDKN2A/B纯合缺失、临床和预后信息的较低级别胶质瘤患者，对发生率、临床特点及预后统计分析；收集27例新鲜肿瘤标本（13例CDKN2A/B纯合缺失），通过Ki-67和CD31免疫组织化学分析细胞增殖和血管增生；在1 116例胶质瘤RNA测序数据中对CDKN2A/B纯合缺失的相关功能和通路进行分析。结果 CDKN2A/B纯合缺失在较低级别胶质瘤中发生率为7.2%（34/473），该缺失在年龄偏大、星形细胞瘤、3级、近全切及IDH野生型患者中发生率更高（均P<0.05）。在IDH突变型或野生型较低级别胶质瘤中，CDKN2A/B纯合缺失均与患者更短的总生存期和无进展生存期相关。缺失型标本Ki-67(P=0.045)和CD31(P=0.058)蛋白表达高于野生型。生物信息学显示CDKN2A/B纯合缺失激活DNA复制、修复和细胞周期等功能和通路。结论 CDKN2A/B纯合缺失与较低级别胶质瘤患者差的预后和恶性表型有关，该类患者临床应积极治疗。 相似文献
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目的 检测黏蛋白16（MUC16）在神经胶质瘤组织中的表达情况，探讨下调MUC16基因表达对U87细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭力的影响。方法 选取2013年5月—2019年5月在焦作市人民医院行手术治疗的神经胶质瘤患者86例及因颅脑外伤行手术治疗的患者45例。免疫组织化学法检测神经胶质瘤和正常脑组织中MUC16蛋白表达水平，培养U87细胞并分为MUC16干扰组、阴性对照组和空白组，分别利用实时荧光定量PCR、MTT法、划痕实验和Transwell法检测U87细胞中MUC16表达情况，以及各组细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力。结果 MUC16蛋白在神经胶质瘤患者中阳性表达率73.26%，正常脑组织为26.67%，两者比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）；MUC16蛋白在不同WHO分级阳性表达率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；MUC16干扰组MUC16 mRNA相对表达量，24、48、72和96 h时吸光度（A）值、24和48 h时划痕愈合率、侵袭细胞数均低于阴性对照组和空白组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 神经胶质瘤组织中MUC16呈高表达，且与WHO分级呈正相关，下调U87细胞中MUC16基因表达可抑制细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力。 相似文献
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Diagnostic Difficulties and Treatment Implications 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Robert J. Gumnit 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S3):S9-S13
Summary: Differentiation between types of epileptic seizures has been aided in recent years by the introduction of intensive neurodiagnostic techniques and the development of increasingly detailed classification systems. Paradoxically, these developments have not simplified the task of matching the appropriate antiepileptic drug to a particular seizure type. It is reasonable to assume that anticonvulsant drugs will have different effects on different types of seizures, but faulty, circular reasoning can enter the picture if one also assumes that responses of seizures to different drugs signify different seizure types. There are several examples of differential diagnoses that can fall prey to this problem, including the diagnosis between partial seizures with secondary generalization and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the diagnosis between complex partial seizures and absence seizures with automatisms, among others. Considerations of etiology in future classification systems can further complicate the problem: should one then choose an anticonvulsant drug on the basis of individual seizure type or on the basis of the type of epilepsy? Ramifications of this issue extend even to the drug approval process. Official sanction is not given for use of a drug for a seizure type not included in the original efficacy studies, even if later scientific evidence shows that seizure type to be related to a type that is included. New trials must be undertaken. These problems arise from how we choose to classify seizures. 相似文献
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Cognitive Dysfunction Associated with Antiepileptic Drug Therapy 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
Eileen P.G. Vining 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S2):S18-S22
Summary: Epilepsy is frequently associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, the reasons for this correlation are unclear. Possible influential factors include patient age; duration, frequency, etiology, and type of seizures; hereditary factors; psychosocial issues; and antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Whereas many of these factors are beyond the physician's control, AED therapy is one element that can be addressed in treatment decisions by recognizing the potential cognitive effects of particular AEDs. For example, phenobarbital impairs memory and concentration; phenytoin affects attention, problem solving ability, and performance of visuomotor tasks. In contrast, carbamazepine may affect concentration, while valproate would appear to have minimal effects on cognition. Moreover, cognitive effects of AEDs are amplified with coadministration of multiple anticonvulsants (polytherapy). A review of studies on the cognitive effects of monotherapy with AEDs, as opposed to those of polytherapy, provides evidence that drug-related cognitive dysfunction can be reversed if patients are switched to a simpler therapeutic regimen. Future research should be directed toward developing reliable measures for assessing and monitoring cognition, and understanding the particular cognitive side effects of each AED. Physicians also need to revise their opinions about which side effects are "tolerable" for epileptic patients. 相似文献
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Summary: Carbamazepine and phenytoin are drugs of choice in initial monotherapy for adult partial and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. These designations reflect the results of the Veterans Administration Epilepsy Cooperative Study Group of 1985. An earlier comparative study of carbamazepine and phenytoin by Ramsay and associates found both drugs equally effective in controlling new-onset seizures. Among the advantages of carbamazepine is that it causes relatively few cognitive and dysmorphic side effects. Its disadvantages are its unavailability in parenteral formulation and its metabolic autoinduction. The latter must be compensated for by planned dosage increases to maintain therapeutic plasma steady-state levels during the first 2 or 3 months of treatment. Carbamazepine is judged a drug of choice in the treatment of these secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the drug of choice in children, adolescents, and women susceptible to the dysmorphic side effects associated with other anticonvulsant agents. 相似文献
14.
Summary: Four broad categories of basic phenomena are pertinent to developing ways to prevent epilepsy. These include mechanisms of epileptogenesis, ictal initiation and temporary entrainment by the seizure discharge of normally functioning brain, seizure propagation, and control mechanisms that function both to restrain the cascade of epileptic events culminating in a seizure and to arrest the epileptic event and restore the interictal state. In newborns and children, hypoxia-ischemia is a major factor leading to epileptogenesis, and several schemes are proposed to classify, quantify, and prevent hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Control mechanisms must be better understood in order to develop prophylactic recommendations for epilepsy, and an experimental model of "kindling antagonism" may increase our understanding of these. Programs of prevention of seizures in children will evolve only if basic researchers and clinicians work productively together to develop an adequate understanding of factors important in epileptogenesis and antiepileptogenic control mechanisms. 相似文献
15.
Neuronal migration disorders are the result of disturbed brain development. In such disorders, neurons are abnormally located. In diagnosing these conditions, magnetic resonance imaging is superior to any other imaging technique. This enables us to improve our knowledge of the clinical correlates of neuronal migration. With reference to migrational disorder, a retrospective study of all 303 patients with epileptic seizures referred for magnetic resonance imaging during a 3-year period was performed, 13 patients (aged 12-41, mean age 27) were identified. They represent 4.3% of the entire study group. Of the patients with known epilepsy, 6.7% and of the mentally retarded, 13.7% had migrational disorders. Four patients had schizencephaly as the dominant finding, one was classified as hemimegalencephaly, 2 had isolated heterotopias, and 6 had localized pachy- and/or poly-microgyria. The clinical pictures are complex. Ectopias of grey matter are recognised foci of epilepsy, but from an epileptological and a clinical viewpoint little attention has been given to these disorders. The present study shows that malmigration is not rare in epilepsy patients, especially not in the mentally retarded. 相似文献
16.
Predisposing and Causative Factors in Childhood Epilepsy 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
Summary: We review information from large studies of defined populations, examining the role of known factors and especially of prenatal and perinatal factors in contributing to nonfebrile seizure disorders of early childhood. We depend especially, but not exclusively, on the recently completed analyses from the Collaborative Perinatal Project of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, the NCPP. About 4% of children in the NCPP who had at least one non-febrile nonsymptomatic seizure by the age of 7 years had a previous seizure during acute neurologic illness, such as meningitis or during the acute illness after trauma. Many such seizures should potentially be preventable. Of children with seizures, 10% had had a neonatal seizure and 13% had had a febrile seizure. Among the hundreds of prenatal and perinatal factors explored as predictors of childhood seizure disorders, the principal predictors identified were congenital malformations of the fetus, cerebral and noncerebral; family history of certain neurologic disorders; and neonatal seizures. In agreement with the British National Child Development Study, labor and delivery factors in the NCPP appeared to contribute very little to childhood seizure disorders. Maldevelopment, rather than damage at birth to an initially intact nervous system, appeared to be the more common mechanism. Most seizure disorders of early childhood remained unexplained by the large set of prenatal and perinatal characteristics examined. 相似文献
17.
Berkan Guleyupoglu Pedro Schestatsky Dylan Edwards Felipe Fregni Marom Bikson 《Journal of neuroscience methods》2013
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) encompasses all methods of non-invasive current application to the brain used in research and clinical practice. We present the first comprehensive and technical review, explaining the evolution of tES in both terminology and dosage over the past 100 years of research to present day. Current transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation (tPCS) approaches such as Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) descended from Electrosleep (ES) through Cranial Electro-stimulation Therapy (CET), Transcerebral Electrotherapy (TCET), and NeuroElectric Therapy (NET) while others like Transcutaneous Cranial Electrical Stimulation (TCES) descended from Electroanesthesia (EA) through Limoge, and Interferential Stimulation. Prior to a contemporary resurgence in interest, variations of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation were explored intermittently, including Polarizing current, Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS), and Transcranial Micropolarization. The development of these approaches alongside Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and pharmacological developments are considered. Both the roots and unique features of contemporary approaches such as transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) and transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS) are discussed. Trends and incremental developments in electrode montage and waveform spanning decades are presented leading to the present day. Commercial devices, seminal conferences, and regulatory decisions are noted. We conclude with six rules on how increasing medical and technological sophistication may now be leveraged for broader success and adoption of tES. 相似文献
18.
Anticonvulsant Drugs and Cognitive Function: A Review of the Literature 总被引：14，自引：12，他引：2
Michael R. Trimble 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S3):S37-S45
Summary: Alterations of cognitive function are separate from disturbances of behavior seen in association with epilepsy. The nature of the cognitive disability may to a certain extent depend on the seizure type. Partial seizures, mainly derived from a temporal lobe focus, impair memory tasks, while generalized seizures seem to have more effect on attentional abilities. A number of studies, reviewed in this paper, suggest that anticonvulsant drugs further impair cognitive function. Maximal impairments are seen in patients receiving polytherapy: rationalization of polytherapy improves cognitive abilities. Studies in children and adults have allowed differentiation of the effects of various commonly used antiepileptic agents. Maximal cognitive deficits are seen with. phenytoin, while phenobarbital and sodium valproate induce moderate disturbances, and carbamazepine seems relatively free from such toxicity. Further research is needed on the interrelationship between types of seizure disorders, types of anticonvulsant medications, and cognitive function. 相似文献
19.
B. J. Wilder 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S2):S1-S7
Summary: The long-standing practice of polypharmacy in treating epilepsy is giving way to use of monotherapy. Monotherapy can improve seizure control as well as reduce the risk of serious idiosyncratic reactions, dose-related side effects, and complex drug interactions. Monotherapy also offers improved compliance and cost-effectiveness. The basis of monotherapy is accurate diagnosis and assessment of the patient's seizure type(s), followed by selection of a single appropriate anticonvulsant drug. Many patients currently treated with multiple anticonvulsants can be successfully converted to monotherapy with a carefully monitored program in which troublesome and redundant drugs are gradually withdrawn from the therapeutic regimen. 相似文献
20.
Summary: Lowering extracellular magnesium induces different patterns of epileptiform activity in rat hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Short recurrent epileptiform discharges in the hippocampus are stable over time, whereas seizurelike events (SLEs) in the entorhinal cortex, the subiculum, and the neighboring neocortex develop into late recurrent discharges which are not blocked by clinically employed antiepileptic drugs. We tested the sensitivity of the different epileptiform discharge patterns to. /V-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)- and non-NMDA-receptor antagonists. As NMDA-receptor antagonist we used dextrorphan, ket-amine, and 2-aminophosphonovalerate (2APV); as α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA)-receptor antagonist we employed the quinoxaline derivative glutamate 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). The findings show that the different patterns of epileptiform activity, including the late recurrent discharges, are sensitive to all NMDA-receptor antagonists. However, when dextrorphan was employed to suppress seizure-like events, later recurrent discharges did not develop during the remaining time course of the experiment. CNQX reversibly suppressed recurrent discharges in the hippocampus and SLEs in the entorhinal cortex. However, late recurrent discharges become insensitive to CNQX, even at a high concentration of 60 μM m. This finding suggests a prominent role for NMDA receptors in the generation of late recurrent discharges. 相似文献
