装载机偏载工况工作过程联合仿真与试验（英文）

为了分析装载机在偏载工作过程中的能量消耗情况,首先使用Pro/E软件建立了装载机工作装置的三维模型,将其导入Simulation X仿真软件中建立了装载机的动力学模型,同时使用该仿真软件建立了装载机工作装置液压系统模型,进一步建立了装载机联合仿真模型。然后对工作过程各个工作部件能量消耗情况进行了仿真和试验研究,通过比较仿真与试验结果,验证了所建立装载机工作装置机液联合仿真模型的准确性。结果表明:偏载工况下,多路阀的能量损失占52%;多路阀在一个工作循环中消耗能量最大,主要是中位卸荷损失。该研究为装载机液压控制系统节能设计提供了参考。     

进出口独立控制的装载机摇臂液压系统研究

传统的液压装载机常采用单阀芯多路阀来控制执行器的运动,存在进出油口同时节流、节流损失大等不足,特别是对于装载机的摇臂液压缸,其外负载变化频繁且作业工况复杂,使用传统的多路阀控制效果不太理想。针对以上问题,提出一种可用于装载机摇臂液压系统的进出口独立控制策略。利用SimulationX仿真软件建立原装载机机液联合仿真模型,并通过试验验证了所建立装载模型的准确性。在原模型的基础上构建了进出口独立控制的装载机摇臂液压系统,对改进后的摇臂液压系统进行仿真研究。结果表明:新系统的控制方式在能量利用和效率方面更具优势。     

挖掘装载机工作装置运动特性分析及控制

针对挖掘装载机多路阀阀口流量控制稳定性不够、导致整机工作效率不高的问题,建立多路阀电液比例控制系统模型,实现挖掘装载机多路阀流量智能调控。基于D-H原理实现装载工作装置运动学和动力学分析;运用MATLAB/Simulink建立装载工作装置的机电液耦合仿真模型;设计PID控制算法实现液压多路阀口流量智能控制,提高装载工作装置运动精度和控制效果。仿真结果表明:基于Simulink平台能够准确高效建立复杂系统机电液联合仿真模型,满足铲斗的平移性和装载工作装置定角度运动的要求。     

三腔液压缸驱动装载机动臂运行特性仿真研究

装载机外负载变化频繁且波动范围大,动臂举升时液压系统峰值功率大,动臂下降时举升装置重力势能经液压阀口以节流损失的形式转化为热能,导致液压油温度升高、系统能量效率低。提出基于三腔液压缸的装载机动臂自重液气平衡势能回收系统,在SimulationX仿真软件中建立了装载机机液联合仿真模型,通过试验结果验证了该模型的准确性。在此模型的基础上,采用已建立的三腔液压缸仿真模型代替原机动臂两腔液压缸,针对空载工况中动臂的举升下降过程进行了仿真研究,对比两腔液压缸与三腔液压缸的运行与能耗特性。研究结果表明:在蓄能器初始压力为6 MPa时,该系统具有与原机相同的运行特性,液压泵峰值功率降低57. 1%,能量消耗降低约39. 5%。     

基于AMESim的M4系列负载敏感比例多路阀动态特性的研究

介绍了M4系列负载敏感比例多路阀的结构特点和工作原理,并在AMESim软件中建立该阀的相应模型,通过对其动态特性进行仿真可知,在单泵负载敏感比例多路阀液压系统中,当系统提供的流量充足时,多路阀的各负载联流量对负载的变化不敏感;当系统提供的流量不足时,多路阀的小负载联在负载变化时流量变化不大,大负载联在负载变化时流量变化较大。在采用双泵合流供油液压系统中,可在系统流量不足时双泵同时工作,避免因流量不足引起负载联的运动出现滞后及停止。通过仿真分析,深入了解M4系列负载敏感比例多路阀的动态特性,为其在液压系统设计及使用过程提供相关参考依据。所建立的模型为其他类型的负载敏感比例多路阀的模型建立、参数优化及设计开发提供了参考,具有一定的实用价值。     

50型轮式装载机工作装置液压系统的试验与仿真

在AMESim中建立了装载机工作装置液压系统的仿真模型,根据实际试验测试结果和原始数据设置了模型中的主要参数.针对装载机典型铲掘工况,对装载机工作装置液压系统压力进行仿真与测试,并对仿真结果和试验结果进行了分析和比较,证明建立的仿真模型是有效的.     

负载敏感比例多路阀的建模与仿真

为了分析泵车臂架液压系统,有必要对泵车臂架液压系统的关键元件负载敏感比例多路阀进行建模与仿真分析并获取其动态特性。根据某型混凝土泵车的臂架液压系统所采用的负载敏感比例多路阀的工作原理,通过多学科领域建模、仿真、分析软件Simulation X建立了该阀的仿真模型,并对此阀进行了动态仿真。结果表明:该阀与实际运行状态一致,并且建模方法简单。     

正流量液压挖掘机多路阀阀口压力损失研究

挖掘机液压系统存在管道损失、溢流损失、节流损失及泄漏损失等问题,导致挖掘机作业过程中功率损失较大,能量利用率不高。为提高挖掘机液压系统功率利用率,以正流量挖掘机为研究对象,通过建立机电液联合仿真平台,针对多路阀压力损失较大的问题,提出改变主阀异形阀口区域过流面积的方法,以降低局部压力损失,提高液压系统的功率利用率。以铲斗联为例,改变铲斗主阀进出油口、合流阀口的过流面积及其之间的匹配,将铲斗动作的驱动效率提高了4%,降低了液压系统的功率损失,提高了液压系统的节能性能。     

基于AMESim与ADAMS的轮式装载机联合仿真

轮式装载机包含紧密耦合的液压系统和执行机构,很难在单一的软件平台中准确实现其动力学仿真。建立了装载机AMESim液压系统模型及ADAMS虚拟样机模型,利用上述两个软件进行联合仿真,使液压系统和机械系统可以实时交互作用。最后,将联合仿真结果与仅使用ADAMS进行的动力学仿真结果进行了比较,证明联合仿真结果是合理的。     

负载敏感液压系统节能设计及AMESim仿真分析

阀后补偿负载敏感液压系统中关键元件压力补偿阀通过阀前后补偿压差来调节流量,因而会造成一定的能量损失,降低系统效率的同时元件使用性能及寿命也大大降低。鉴于此,提出一种以串联液阻分压来降低补偿压差的节能阀后补偿负载敏感液压系统。利用AMESim仿真软件建立仿真模型并进行仿真分析。结果表明：在相同的工况下,改进后的负载敏感系统,能够降低工作时压力补偿阀的能量损耗,提高系统及元件的性能及使用寿命。所得结论为阀后补偿负载敏感液压系统的优化设计提供了参考。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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