日粮中添加辣木提取物对AA肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加辣木提取物对AA肉鸡的生产性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、抗氧化性能及血清生化指标的影响,探讨辣木提取物作为饲料添加剂使用的有效性及最适添加量。试验选取1日龄AA肉鸡480只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复16只鸡。对照组饲喂无抗生素基础日粮;抗生素组饲喂基础日粮+50mg/kg金霉素;3个辣木提取物试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.25、0.50、1.00g/kg辣木提取物。试验期42d,分为1～21d和22～42d两个阶段。结果显示:①与对照组相比,抗生素组显著提高了42日龄肉鸡体重及各阶段平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05)。添加0.25、0.50g/kg辣木提取物可显著提高42日龄肉鸡体重及1～42日龄ADG(P<0.05),其中添加0.50g/kg辣木提取物效果较好。各试验组平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)均无显著差异(P>0.05)。②各组肉鸡的屠宰性能与肉品质均无显著差异(P>0.05)。③与对照组相比,添加金霉素与0.50、1.00g/kg辣木提取物显著提高了肉鸡血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.05),其中0.50g/kg辣木提取物组作用效果最佳;与抗生素组相比,添加辣木提取物显著降低了血清丙二醛(MDA)含量。④与对照组相比,添加金霉素与辣木提取物组对肉鸡血清生化指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。⑤与对照组相比,添加0.25、0.50及1.00g/kg辣木提取物组肉鸡死淘率降低到1.04%、3.13%和2.08%。综上所述,肉鸡日粮中添加辣木提取物能够提高肉鸡的增重和抗氧化性能、降低肉鸡死淘率,其中添加0.50g/kg辣木提取物的效果最佳。     

山花黄芩提取物对肉鸡生长性能、免疫机能及屠宰性能的影响

试验为了研究饲粮中添加山花黄芩提取物水平对肉鸡生长性能、免疫机能、屠宰性能的影响。饲料中山花黄芩提取物添加水平分别为0、250、500、1 000 g/t,共4个剂量组。随机挑选320只健康1日龄艾拔益加(AA)肉雏鸡,并分为4个处理组,每组分别8个重复,每个重复10只鸡,每个重复为1个笼,试验期为42 d。测定生长性能指标、免疫器官指数和屠宰性能。结果显示,与对照组相比,各试验组在1～21日龄阶段的生长性能差异不显著(P0.05),但平均日增重(ADG)都有一定程度上的提高。与对照组相比,500 g/t添加组可显著提高42日龄平均体重及22～42日龄、1～42日龄的平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)(P0.05),各试验组料重比(F/G)均无显著性差异(P0.05)。500 g/t添加组可显著提高21、42日龄脾脏指数水平(P0.05)及42日龄胸腺指数水平(P0.05);与对照组相比,500 g/t添加组可显著提高42日龄肉鸡胸肌率及腿肌率(P0.05)。结果表明,饲粮中添加山花黄芩提取物可以使1～42日龄肉鸡获得较好的生长性能、免疫机能及屠宰性能,其中山花黄芩提取物添加量为500 g/t时效果最佳。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对石门土鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、血清抗氧化指标和肠道形态的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis,BS)对石门土鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、血清抗氧化指标和肠道形态的影响。选取540只55日龄、体重[(0.75±0.02) kg]相近的健康石门土鸡母鸡,随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮的基础上添加300和600 mg/kg BS的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:1) 1～14 d时,与对照组相比,300、600 mg/kg BS组石门土鸡的平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)有提高趋势(P>0.05); 15～28 d和1～28 d时,各组间的ADFI、ADG和料重比(F/G)均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。2)与对照组相比,600 mg/kg BS组石门土鸡的屠宰率显著提高(P<0.05),300、600 mg/kg BS组的腹脂率有提高趋势(P>0.05);各组间的半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,14 d时,300 mg/kg BS组石门土鸡的血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著提高(P <0. 05); 14和28 d时,300、600 mg/kg BS组的血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性极显著提高(P <0.01)。4)与对照组相比,300、600 mg/kg BS组石门土鸡的十二指肠绒毛高度、绒毛宽度、隐窝深度均有提高趋势(P>0.05),300 mg/kg BS组的空肠绒毛宽度显著提高(P<0.05);各组间的回肠绒毛宽度、隐窝深度和绒隐比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上,饲粮中添加BS提高了石门土鸡的屠宰性能,增强了机体抗氧化能力,改善了肠道形态。     

维生素A对肉鸡生长性能、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平维生素A对肉鸡生长性能、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响。采用单因子完全随机试验设计,选用1日龄健康爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡240只(公母各占1/2),随机分为5个组(在玉米-豆粕型饲粮中分别添加3 000、6 000、15 000、30 000和45 000 IU/kg维生素A),每个组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡,试验期42 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加不同水平维生素A对22~42日龄肉鸡的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)及1~42日龄肉鸡的ADFI均有显著影响(P<0.05),对22~42日龄肉鸡的料重比(F/G)的影响有显著的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10),且22~42日龄和1~42日龄肉鸡的ADFI以及1~42日龄肉鸡的F/G随饲粮维生素A添加水平的增加均呈线性升高(P<0.05或0.05≤P<0.10),3 000 IU/kg组肉鸡增重效果较差,6 000和15 000 IU/kg组肉鸡增重高且F/G低,30 000和45 000 IU/kg组肉鸡ADFI较高、F/G不同程度升高。2)饲粮添加不同水平维生素A对21日龄血清白细胞介素-1(IL-1)和42日龄血清IL-1、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量有显著影响(P<0.05),对42日龄血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量的影响有显著的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10),其中3 000、6 000和45 000 IU/kg组血清免疫因子含量较低,15 000 IU/kg组较高。3)饲粮添加不同水平维生素A对21日龄血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和42日龄血清GSH-Px、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性有显著影响(P<0.05),且21日龄血清丙二醛(M DA)含量随饲粮维生素A添加水平的增加呈线性升高趋势(0.05≤P<0.10),42日龄血清MDA含量、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性随饲粮维生素A添加水平的增加分别呈显著的一次线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.05),其中45 000 IU/kg组血清MDA含量较高且T-SOD活性较低。综上,本试验条件下添加6 000和15 000 IU/kg的维生素A可使肉鸡获得较好的生长性能,且15 000 IU/kg维生素A可满足肉鸡免疫和抗氧化需要,而添加水平增至30 000和45 000 IU/kg时肉鸡生长性能和免疫抗氧化机能均有降低趋势。     

饲粮不同比例青贮玉米对仔鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同比例全株青贮玉米对仔鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响,为全株青贮玉米在肉鹅养殖上的应用提供依据。试验选取健康、平均体重为982～985 g的28日龄三花鹅280只,随机分为4组,每组7个重复,每个重复10只仔鹅。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加8%、16%、24%全株青贮玉米的试验饲粮,试验期为42 d。记录28、42、56、70日龄时鹅的体重（BW）和耗料量,计算平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）及料重比（F/G）; 70日龄时,每个重复选择2只接近平均体重的仔鹅屠宰,测定屠宰性能、肉品质和血清生化指标。结果表明：与对照组相比,在28～42日龄时,16%试验组的仔鹅ADG和ADFI显著升高（P<0.05）;在42～56日龄时,8%试验组的仔鹅ADFI显著升高（P<0.05）;在56～70日龄时,试验组的仔鹅ADG、ADFI和F/G均无显著差异（P>0.05）;28～70日龄的ADG和添加水平呈二次曲线关系（P<0.05）,达最高ADG水平的添加量为9.01%。与对照组相比,70日龄时,24%试验组的仔鹅体重显著降低（P<0.05）;各试验组的全净膛率和屠宰率显著降低（P<0.05）;屠宰率和添加水平呈二次曲线关系（P<0.05）,达最低屠宰率的添加水平为14.93%;各试验组仔鹅的肉品质无显著差异（P>0.05）。与对照组相比,8%试验组的仔鹅的血清甘油三酯含量显著降低（P<0.05）。综上所述,在本试验条件下,适量添加全株青贮玉米可提高仔鹅的生长性能,降低血清中的甘油三酯含量,对肉品质无显著影响,对屠宰性能有一定的负面影响,根据饲粮中添加全株青贮玉米的水平对ADG的最高限量和对屠宰性能的最低限量,建议在饲粮中的添加水平为9.01%～14.93%。     

甘草提取物、乳酸菌及其联合添加对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、营养物质表观代谢率及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究甘草提取物、乳酸菌及其联合添加对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、营养物质表观代谢率及血清生化指标的影响。选取健康状况良好的1日龄雄性良凤花肉鸡420只，随机分为4组，每组7个重复，每个重复15只。4组试验鸡分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+0.1%甘草提取物(甘草组)、基础饲粮+4.5×10⁷CFU/g嗜酸乳杆菌(乳酸菌组)和基础饲粮+0.1%甘草提取物+4.5×10⁷CFU/g嗜酸乳杆菌(联合组)。试验期84 d。结果显示：1)与对照组相比，甘草组和乳酸菌组肉鸡56和84日龄体重显著增加(P<0.05),57～84日龄平均日增重(ADG)显著提高、料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05)；甘草组和联合组肉鸡29～56日龄及57～84日龄平均日采食量(ADFI)显著提高(P<0.05)。联合组肉鸡56和84日龄体重、57～84日龄ADG和ADFI及1～84日龄ADFI显著高于甘草组和乳酸菌组(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比，甘草组、乳酸菌组及联合组肉鸡全净膛率显著提高(P<0.05)，腹脂率显...     

复合益生菌对绍兴鸭血清生化、盲肠短链脂肪酸及微生物区系的影响

试验旨在探究嗜酸乳杆菌、屎肠球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌组成的复合益生菌在不同添加量下对绍兴鸭血清生化指标、盲肠短链脂肪酸及微生物区系的影响。试验选用健康、体重相近1日龄绍兴鸭1 200只，随机分为4组，每组5个重复，每个重复60只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，A组在基础饲粮的基础上添加100 mg/kg复合益生菌，B组在基础饲粮的基础上添加200 mg/kg复合益生菌，C组在基础饲粮的基础上添加300 mg/kg复合益生菌。预试期3 d，正试期30 d。结果表明：与对照组相比，(1)各试验组的平均日增重（ADG）和平均日采食（ADFI）量在数值上有增加趋势（P>0.05）；各试验组的料重比显著降低（P<0.05），其中B组较其他试验组相比降低比率较大，为4.2%。(2)各试验组血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶等指标差异不显著（P>0.05）；各试验组血清中免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)、免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)含量极显著增加（P<0.01），而血清中免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)含量差异不显著（P>0.05）。(3)各试验组盲肠中乙酸含量显著增加（P...     

Ala-Gln和MOS对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响

研究旨在探讨丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺(Alanyl-glutamine,Ala-Gln)和甘露寡糖(Mannan oligo-saccharides,MOS)对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响。试验选用162头胎次、体重相近[(5.5±0.5)kg]的21日龄断奶仔猪,按照完全随机区组原则分为9个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复6头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲粮为基础饲粮分别添加0.10%MOS、0.20%MOS、0.15%Ala-Gln、0.10%MOS+0.15%Ala-Gln、0.20%MOS+0.15%Ala-Gln、0.30%Ala-Gln、0.10%MOS+0.30%Ala-Gln、0.20%MOS+0.30%Ala-Gln,试验期为28 d。于试验第14 d、28 d清晨对仔猪进行空腹称重,并记录每个重复饲料消耗量,计算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)、料重比(F/G)及腹泻率。结果显示:(1)0.20%MOS+0.30%Ala-Gln组可显著降低21~35日龄仔猪的F/G(P0.05);0.20%MOS+0.30%Ala-Gln组可显著提高36~49日龄仔猪的ADG(P0.05),并显著降低仔猪F/G(P0.05);0.10%MOS+0.15%Ala-Gln、0.20%MOS+0.30%Ala-Gln组显著提高了36~49日龄仔猪的ADFI(P0.05)。(2)除0.10%MOS组外,21~35日龄各试验组仔猪腹泻率均显著低于对照组(P0.05),但各试验组之间差异不显著(P0.05);在36~49日龄,0.20%MOS、0.15%Ala-Gln、0.10%MOS+0.30%Ala-Gln、0.20%MOS+0.30%Ala-Gln组仔猪腹泻率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。(3)饲粮中联合添加Ala-Gln和MOS对仔猪的日增重、平均日采食量及料重比均没有表现出明显的互作效应(P0.05),但对36~49日龄仔猪的腹泻率表现出明显的互作效应(P0.05)。综上所述,MOS和Ala-Gln对断奶仔猪的生长性能有一定的促进作用,对断奶仔猪腹泻有良好的抑制作用,其中以0.20%MOS+0.30%Ala-Gln组效果最佳。     

银耳孢子发酵物与益生素对生长肥育猪生长性能及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在考察比较银耳孢子发酵物(TSF)、益生素对生长育肥猪不同阶段的促生长效果以及对猪肉品质的影响。采用单因素试验设计,将24头日龄相近,平均体重为(10.35±0.28)kg的"杜×太"杂交仔猪按照体重相近原则,随机分配到4个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,4个组分别为对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、抗生素组(在基础饲粮中添加0.15 g/kg土霉素+1.5 g/kg硫酸抗敌素)、TSF组(在基础饲粮中添加4 g/kg TSF)和益生素组(在基础饲粮中添加0.2 g/kg益生素)。试猪从10 kg饲喂到110 kg。结果表明:在10～20 kg阶段,TSF组、益生素组和抗生素组的生长性能无显著差异(P>0.05),但平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);21～50 kg阶段,TSF作用效果开始逐渐增强,TSF组ADG和ADFI有高于益生素组和抗生素组的趋势(P>0.05);50 kg以后,TSF组ADG则显著高于益生素组(P<0.05),而益生素组显著高于抗生素组(P<0.05)。TSF组与益生素组血清胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)含量在20 kg时差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于抗生素组和对照组(P<0.05);110 kg时,TSF组显著高于益生素组(P<0.05)。血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量的变化规侓类似IGF-Ⅰ。较之抗生素组,TSF组和益生素组均能显著提高双歧杆菌与乳酸杆菌的数量(P<0.05)。TSF组较益生素组有提高眼肌面积、肌内脂肪和降低剪切力及滴水损失的趋势(P>0.05)。结果提示,在20 kg前,TSF、益生素和抗生素促生长效果相当,而在20 kg以后,TSF的作用加强,50 kg以后,则显著高于益生素;生长性能的改善与血清IGF-Ⅰ、IgG及IgM含量的提高以及肠道菌群的改善有关;TSF对肉品质的作用较之益生素和抗生素有更好的效果。     

超氧化物歧化酶模拟物对肉仔鸡肉品质和超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平超氧化物歧化酶模拟物(superoxdie dismutase mimics,SODm)对肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。采用单因子试验设计,选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡公雏432只,随机分成6组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.10%、0.15%、0.20%、0.25%、0.30%SODm,试验期42 d。结果表明:①日粮添加SODm对肉仔鸡平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)均无显著影响(P>0.05)。②添加0.20%、0.25%和0.30%SODm组胸肌亮度(L~*)值显著低于对照组(P<0.05);除0.10%SODm组外,SODm各组胸肌剪切力均显著低于对照组,滴水损失显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。SODm各组腿肌L~*值均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);0.10%和0.15%SODm组腿肌剪切力显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。③21日龄时,与对照组相比,0.30%SODm组血清SOD活性显著降低(P<0.05),其他SODm组血清SOD活性均有提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05);42日龄时,添加SODm各组血清SOD活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。④21日龄时,SODm各组肝脏SOD活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);添加SODm对胸肌和心脏SOD活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。42日龄时,添加0.15%和0.25%SODm组肝脏和心脏SOD活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.25%和0.30%SODm组胸肌和腿肌SOD活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上,本试验条件下,在日粮中添加SODm对肉仔鸡生长性能无显著影响;添加0.15%～0.25%SODm可提高肉仔鸡体内SOD活性,降低肌肉亮度和剪切力,改善肌肉嫩度。     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

The effects of antibiotic,probiotic, organic acid,vitamin C,and Echinacea purpurea extract on performance,carcass characteristics,blood chemistry,microbiota, and immunity of broiler chickens

The present context investigated the comparative study on the supplementation of antibiotic, probiotic, organic acid, vitamin C, and herbal extract after vaccination into drinking water and their effects on performance, carcass quality, blood biochemical parameters, immune system, and intestinal flora in broiler chicks for 42 days. A total of 420 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned into 7 treatments with 3 replicates (pens) per treatment and 20 male chicks for each replicate (pen). The experimental treatments consisted of drinking water (control, without additive); drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet; drinking water + C-Vet-50; drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet + C-Vet-50; drinking water + probiotic Primalac; drinking water + butyric acid; and drinking water + extract of Echinacea purpurea Moench (coneflower). There were no differences observed among the treatments for feed intake, but during the whole experimental period, the highest body weight gain was found in the chicks fed with drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet + 50 cc vitamin C (P < 0.05). There were no differences (P > 0.05) observed among the treatments for feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Moreover, there were no differences reported among treatments for carcass characteristics at the end of the experiment. Among the treatments, drinking water + 50 cc vitamin C, and drinking water + extract of E. purpurea reduced (P < 0.05) the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins. Drinking water + 50 cc vitamin C, drinking water + Primalac, and drinking water + extract of E. purpurea increased (P < 0.05) the lymphocytes count and decreased the heterophils count and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio. The highest Escherichia coli count and lowest Lactobacillus count in ileal content of the broilers were observed in the control group (P < 0.05). The additives used in this study may be incorporated in the drinking water of broiler chickens as growth promoters and for improved performance. A further, wider supplementation study is required to understand the performance, immune system, variation in the intestinal microbial counts, and any other possible alteration in the intestinal biota of the broilers.     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.