2017年全球钾盐资源及产销状况变化

介绍2017年全球钾盐资源储量及资源性钾盐产品的生产情况;全球钾盐消费缓慢增长,贸易量增幅较大。分析全球钾盐产品供需形势及我国在钾盐供应方面存在的问题,并提出政策建议,即在保证国内钾盐基本产能的基础上,减少国内钾盐产量,增加进口量;获得海外生产份额;鼓励用进口氯化钾加工硫酸钾。     

2012年世界钾盐供需形势分析

论述了2012年世界钾盐资源储量及增减状况,分析和预测了各国钾盐生产产能、消费和贸易的变化。     

拉美地区钾盐资源的分布及成矿规律分析

全球钾盐资源储量丰富但分布极不均衡,绝大部分钾盐资源集中在加拿大、俄罗斯等国。拉美地区已发现钾盐资源,多数为含钾卤水,少部分为地下固体钾盐,发现拥有钾盐资源的国家有巴西、阿根廷、玻利维亚、智利和秘鲁等国。通过对拉美地区钾盐资源分布及开发利用现状进行分析,总结了中国企业开展境外钾盐开发合作中的困境,并对拉美各国开展钾盐矿产资源勘查开发的可进入性及优先进入目的国进行了评价与讨论,这为中国地勘单位和企业到拉美进行钾盐勘查、开发投资提供科学指导。     

我国钾盐资源概况及需求预测分析

介绍了近年来我国钾盐资源勘查投入及找矿成效,分析了我国钾盐找矿资源潜力及供需情况,并对未来钾盐资源消费需求进行了预测。同时,建议采取切实有效措施,实现难溶固体钾开发与境外基地建设统一规划、逐步发展,以解决我国钾盐当前和后备资源需求。     

我国周边国家钾盐资源的分布及开发情况

我国是缺钾国家,自有资源难以满足农业生产需求,需要从国外进口.介绍了世界钾盐资源概况及我国周边国家如老挝、泰国、乌兹别克斯坦、哈萨克斯坦等的钾盐资源赋存情况及开发条件,以及我国企业在周边国家开发钾盐资源所面临的困难.     

国内钾盐资源开发及装置建设概况

介绍国内钾盐总体资源、近期新资源开发及国内钾盐装置建设概况。     

国内钾盐资源开发及装置建设概况

介绍国内钾盐总体资源、近期新资源开发及国内钾盐装置建设概况。     

老挝钾盐矿开发的技术创新工作

老挝钾盐矿的技术创新是支撑中国企业投资开发钾盐资源的核心。2001年以来,在中老两国政府支持下,中国企业历经10年的开发研究和建设,建成了4套不同产能的氯化钾工业化生产装置,生产能力达到77万t／a。由于老挝钾盐矿矿床的地质特征和开发环境与国内外钾盐矿存在显著差异,在钾盐矿开采、加工及副产物利用等进行了相关的技术开发与创新,奠定了建设工业化示范项目的基础,在解决地下钾盐矿开采的工程技术、大颗粒钾盐矿选矿工艺及装备,副产物回填及利用等关锋件技术取得突破性进展．为建立境外钾肥生产基地提供支撑。     

我国钾盐产业及市场需求运行情况

从我国的钾盐产业政策,钾资源,钾盐的科研、生产,近年的钾盐产量、消耗量与剩余结转库存量,总结我国钾盐产业运行情况。指出我国正合理引导开发利用钾盐资源;2009年不用进口钾盐即可满足国内需求;中远期我国钾盐对外依存度应降到30％;构建我国钾肥的稳定供应体系,打破垄断格局。     

国内外钾资源及钾肥生产现状

钾肥的产量和供给关乎着国家的农业生产和粮食安全。我国钾资源缺乏,对外依存度高。我国钾资源主要集中于青海柴达木盆地盐湖区,盐湖钾矿是我国钾肥工业生产的主要原料,我国超过80%的钾盐是采用浮法进行生产。目前由于过度单一开采,钾矿品位逐渐降低,严重影响钾盐的产量和质量。通过综述国内外钾资源概况和钾肥生产现状,为钾肥工业开发综合利用新模式提供背景基础。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.