热管理设计中的温度检测

热管理始于温度测量,Maxim开发了各种用于这种测量的温度检测IC。除了不同类型的传感器IC外,电子系统还可以采用其它多项技术测量温度。本文简要介绍了热管理应用中温度检测方法。     

用于甲醛检测的电化学生物传感器的设计

目前用于检测甲醛的传感器有电化学传感器、光学传感器和光生化传感器等。但是当用于实际检测的时候都会存在这样或者那样的问题,比如稳定性差、检出限低、所受干扰物多等等,针对这些问题,文章设计了一种简便、操作简单、适用于实时在线检测甲醛的电化学生物传感器,针对水溶液及混合溶液中甲醛的检测。     

基于磁通量法的钢索拉力测量实验研究

文中探讨了一种非破坏性的测量技术——电磁传感检测,利用索中放置的电磁传感器,通过测量磁通量的变化来测定索力。这种新型的电磁传感器可用来监测民用建筑中钢索和钢筋中的张力,也可以监测大型铁索桥梁长期稳定情况。磁通量法在国外已用于各种结构的应力测试,获得了较好的效果,在我国也初见成效。     

多孔陶瓷湿度传感器的特征

<正> 近几年来,由于电子计算机的普及和自动化的迅速发展,人们开始将各种传感器组合成为多种控制系统。为了使湿度传感器满足环境测定、过程控制等要求,正在进一步开发和研究各种检测原理的应用。 最近的湿度传感器几乎都采用依赖于相对湿度变化来检测电气性质(例如电阻、电容等)变化的方式。但是,在物理量中,高精度地测量湿度是非常困难的。实际上,要     

动态压力光子晶体光纤传感器的研究

光子晶体光纤传感器可广泛用于各种动态压力测量中.文章设计了一种动态压力光子晶体光纤传感器,采用差分平衡方法分析了这种传感器的压力作用原理,讨论了这种传感器的输出信号检测方案,结果表明,该传感器对外界压力作用的响应具有周期性,响应周期与外界压力和传感器敏感元件长度相关.     

超宽范围的电化学酶生物传感器与检测技术

目前，发酵工业因缺少高效在线检测手段，生产过程中不能及时跟踪底物或产物浓度变化，导致发酵效率低，污染排放严重。电化学酶生物传感器能够实现对生化反应中特定组分浓度的快速精确检测，已广泛应用于医疗行业。然而，该传感器检测范围过窄，在真实发酵体系中，需预先对样品进行稀释处理，仅能实现离线检测。为此，提出一种超宽范围的新型电化学酶生物传感器及检测方法。传感器采用三电极丝网印刷结构，工作电极为自制的规则普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒传感膜及生物酶，检测采用流动注射分析技术。测试表明，该传感器及检测系统对葡萄糖浓度的检测范围为0.5-120g/L，测量误差在2 %以内，测量周期< 60秒，完全满足发酵工业在线检测要求。     

小波分析在恶劣环境光纤传感中的应用(英文)

光纤光栅是通过外界物理参量对光纤布拉格波长的调制来获取传感信息的,是一种波长调制型光纤传感器。现代光纤传感系统的应用领域要求光纤传感器能适用于各种极端恶劣复杂环境,并在恶劣环境中实现高精度高灵敏度的检测。现有很多方法可用于光纤光栅的波长检测,但这些方法的精度都受限于不同的光噪声。如果光纤光栅检测系统的光源采用激光光源,信号功率可大大增强,但多余反射会产生有害干扰信号,限制光栅的波长解调精度。论文采用理论仿真和实验验证的方式将小波分析用于恶劣环境中的光纤传感信号的去噪。仿真和实验结果表明,小波分析处理方法可有效降低系统检测误差,提高测量精度和系统信噪比,满足恶劣环境中光纤传感检测的性能要求。     

U型微弱梯度磁场检测传感器设计及应用

本文就U型微弱梯度磁场检测传感器的设计原理、结构、应用领域等进行了较为全面的叙述,并与其他检测方法在同一标准磁场条件下在测量灵敏度、重复性等方面进行了比较,结果表明各项指标均优于其他传感器。该传感器用于均匀变化磁场中测量非均匀直流梯度弱磁场,检测微弱磁场的变化,在实现微弱磁场的过零检测中具有独特性,且便于实现自动化测量,具有良好应用和开发空间。该传感器在开磁路软磁矫顽力测量中得到很好的应用。     

基于AuPd/CNT敏感材料的电化学传感器对对乙酰氨基酚的检测

金属纳米材料由于其自身优异的催化性能成为电化学催化剂发展最为迅速的一类催化材料,贵金属催化剂的性能尤为明显。本文利用湿化学法合成了粒径为(8.26±0.2)nm AuPd双金属纳米材料,并与多壁碳纳米管进行复合获得AuPd/CNT复合材料,以此作为敏感材料构建了电化学传感器。Au为主催化剂,Pd为助催化剂,双金属催化剂的协同作用有效地提升了催化性能。以AuPd双金属纳米材料构建的电化学传感器对对乙酰氨基酚(PA)的定量测定具有宽的线性范围(4~1000μmol/L)、低的检测限(0.05μmol/L)。将传感器用于感冒片剂中对乙酰氨基酚的定量测定取得满意的结果,表明AuPd双金属纳米材料在构建电化学传感器用于PA检测中具有良好的应用前景。     

基于绿色还原的碳-银纳米粒子分子印迹电化学传感器用于木犀草素的检测

以石榴汁为还原剂通过绿色还原法成功合成了生物质碳-银纳米粒子(BC-AgNP)复合材料。以木犀草素作为模板分子、以壳聚糖(CS)作为功能单体、戊二醛作为交联剂,在BC-AgNP修饰的玻碳电极表面合成分子印迹聚合物膜,制备了分子印迹电化学传感器,用于检测木犀草素。采用循环伏安法(CV)、差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等方法研究了传感器的电化学性能。结果表明,优化检测条件之后,DPV测得传感器的峰值电流与木犀草素浓度在0.01～4.5μmol·L^-1范围内呈现出良好的线性关系,相关系数R²=0.994,检出限为7.12 nmol·L^-1(S/N=3,其中S为信号强度,N为噪声强度)。获得的传感器易于制备、检出限低,并且选择性、重现性和稳定性良好。利用该传感器测定花生壳样品中木犀草素的含量,加标回收率为91.76%～102.37%。本研究为实际样品中木犀草素的特异性鉴别、测定提供了一种简单、高效、经济的分析方法。     

Glucose Detection Devices and Methods Based on Metal–Organic Frameworks and Related Materials

Assessment of glucose concentration is important in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. Since the introduction of enzymatic glucose biosensors, scientific and technological advances in nanomaterials have led to the development of new generations of glucose sensors. This field has witnessed major developments over the last decade, as the novel nanomaterials are capable of efficiently catalyzing glucose directly (i.e., act as artificial enzymes, therefore defined nanozymes) or to entrap enzymes that are able to oxidize glucose. Among other nanomaterials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently provided a tremendous basis to construct glucose sensing devices. MOFs are large porous crystalline compounds with versatile structural and tuneable chemical properties. In addition, they possess catalytic, peroxidase-like, and electrochemical redox activity. This review comprehensively summarizes the general characteristics of MOFs, their subtypes, and MOF composites, as well as MOF-derived materials employed to construct electrochemical, optical, transistor, and microfluidic devices for the detection of glucose. They include enzymatic, nonenzymatic, wearable, and flexible sensing devices and methods. The review also outlines the design and synthesis of MOFs and the working principles of the different transduction-based glucose sensors and highlights the current challenges and future perspectives.     

A statistical approach to landmine detection using broadbandelectromagnetic induction data

The response of time-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors, which have been used almost exclusively for landmine detection, is related to the amount of metal present in the object and its distance from the sensor. Unluckily, there is often a significant amount of metallic clutter in the environment that also induces an EMI response. Consequently, EMI sensors employing detection, algorithms based solely on metal content suffer from large false alarm rates. To mitigate this false alarm problem for mines with substantial metal content, statistical algorithms have been developed that exploit models of the underlying physics. In such models it is commonly assumed that the soil has a negligible effect on the sensor response, thus the object is modeled in "free space." We report on studies that were performed to test, the hypotheses that for broadband EMI sensors: 1) soil cannot be modeled as free space when the buried object has low metal content and 2) advanced signal processing algorithms can be applied to reduce the false alarm rates. Our results show that soil cannot be modeled as free space and that when modeling soil correctly our advanced algorithms reduced the false alarm probability by up to a factor of 10 in blind tests     

Nanosensor Design Packages: A Smart and Compact Development for Metal Ions Sensing Responses

With recent advances in mesostructured materials and nanotechnologies, new methods are emerging to design optical sensors and biosensors, and to develop highly sensitive solid sensors. Here, highly sensitive, low cost, simple nanosensor designs for naked‐eye detection of toxic metal ions are successfully developed by the immobilization of commercially available α,β,γ,δ‐tetrakis(1‐methylpyridinium‐4‐yl)porphine p‐toluenesulfonate (TMPyP) and diphenylcarbazide (DPC), and chemically synthesized 4‐n‐dodecyl‐6‐(2‐thiazolylazo) resorcinol (DTAR) and 4‐n‐dodecyl‐6‐(2‐pyridylazo) phenol (DPAP) chromophore molecules into spherical nanosized cavities and surfaces. A rational strategy was crucial to develop optical nanosensors that can be used to control accurate recognition and signaling abilities of analyte species for ion‐sensing purposes. This is the first reported evidence of the significant key factors of the development of receptors as ‘indicator dyes' and surface‐confinement materials as ‘carriers' to broadening the applicability of optical chemical sensors for selective discrimination of trace levels of toxic analytes. In all the nanosensor design techniques presented here, a dense pattern of immobilized hydrophobic ‘neutral' and hydrophilic ‘charged' chromophores with intrinsic mobility, as a result of extremely robust constructed sequences on nanoscale structures, is a key to enhancing the sensing functionality of optical nanosensors. These nanosensor designs can be used as cage probe sinks with reliable control, for the first time, over the colorimetric recognition of cadmium ions to low levels of concentration in the range of 10^–9 to 10^–10 M . Optimization of control sensing conditions is established to achieve enhanced signal response and color intensities. These chemical nanosensors are reversible and have the potential to serve effectively in on‐site field analysis of environmental samples, which eliminates the necessity for instrument‐dependent analysis. Moreover, these new classes of optical cage sensors exhibit long‐term stability of signaling and recognition functionalities that in general provide extraordinary sensitivity, selectivity, reusability, and fast kinetic detection and quantification of various deleterious metal ions in our environment.     

基于非分散红外技术的水面CO2浓度检测系统设计

随着我国水资源污染日趋严重,建立包括水体表面CO2浓度检测在内的水生态环境感知系统,对水生态环境的保护具有重大意义。目前常用的检测方法有电化学法、气相色谱法等,但这些检测方法精度不高、易受干扰、使用寿命短,无法满足复杂环境下检测要求。文中设计了基于非分散红外（NDIR）原理的CO2浓度检测系统,根据修正的Beer-Lambert定律对该系统进行校准。通过对系统功能和性能进行测试表明,所设计的系统与传统方式相比,提高了检测效率和精度。     

聚苯胺纳米材料的合成与应用

详细介绍了聚苯胺纳米材料的结构和各种合成方法,并进行了分类,如化学氧化聚合法、电化学聚合法、辐射合成法、声化学聚合法、物理聚合法和酶催化聚合法等。分析了各种合成方法的起源、发展以及最新的研究成果。总结了不同制备方法的优点和不足。综述了聚苯胺纳米材料在传感器、电磁屏蔽和金属防腐等领域的应用。同时,对聚苯胺合成研究的发展方向进行了展望:常用的化学氧化合成法虽能通过控制反应条件,合成多种具有独特形貌的聚苯胺纳米材料,但产量较小,不利于其应用性能研究。因此,优化化学氧化聚合法的反应条件,使其能够大规模生产具有特定形貌的聚苯胺纳米材料必将成为研究热点。     

一种监测钢筋腐蚀的光波导传感方法

本文提出一种用于混凝土结构钢筋腐蚀监测的光波导传感方案,该方案基于用金属膜层局部取代光波导的介质包层,构成腐蚀敏感膜,从而获取金属腐蚀信息。本文依据波导理论定性分析了该方案的腐蚀传感原理,提出了在光纤表面形成与钢筋材料相同的ＦｅＣ合金膜的电化学镀膜方法,通过引入化学镀银夹层充当电镀负极,解决了光纤与ＦｅＣ合金亲和性差的问题。在平板波导材料上研究了电化学镀膜工艺,并研制出含有Ａｇ 夹层的Ｆｅ－ Ｃ合金膜层的光纤腐蚀传感器,用多种加速腐蚀介质评价了该传感器的腐蚀传感特性,结果证实了所提传感方案的可行性。     

基于DBSCAN与梯度划分的Kinect障碍物轮廓检测算法

针对移动机器人的环境检测和避障问题中传感器获取的信息不够全面及准确,无法准确提供周围环境信息等问题,文中提出了利用Kinect传感器来获取周围环境的色彩信息和深度数据,并且提出了一种利用梯度划分和DBSCAN聚类方法来处理Kinect传感器获得的深度数据图。该算法首先使用梯度障碍物边缘检测方法对Kinect获取得到的深度图进行快速高效的处理障碍物边缘轮廓,并对算法中的差分参数进行改进,使得计算得到的梯度结果更准确。然后对比不同的聚类方法,使用BDSCAN聚类方法来对检测划分完毕的障碍物进行聚类分析,最后通过安排具体实验对该算法进行验证。实验结果表明,该算法能够对周围环境障碍物进行准确划分,可行区域效果明显,对不同物体的成功检测率较高,验证了算法的有效性。     

用于重金属离子电化学传感器的TiO2NT/AuNP纳米复合材料

采用水热合成法将金纳米颗粒(AuNP)修饰到TiO₂纳米管(TiO₂NT)表面。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对制备的纳米复合材料进行表征。采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和循环伏安法分析了TiO₂NT/AuNP纳米复合材料修饰的玻碳电极(GCE)。通过方波阳极溶出伏安法(SWASV)分析了纳米复合材料检测重金属离子的可行性。纳米复合材料对Pb(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Hg(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅱ)具有较高的电分析活性和灵敏度,对Pb(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Hg(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅱ)的灵敏度分别为15.63、213.19、287.86和72.75μA·μM^-1(1 M=1 mol/L),检出限分别为0.052、0.004、0.003和0.011μmol/L。采用TiO₂NT/AuNP纳米复合材料对多种重金属离子进行了检测。此外,TiO₂NT/AuNP/GCE具有抗干扰性能和稳定性。因此,TiO₂NT/AuNP纳米复合材料可适用于电化学传感器来检测多种重金属离子。     

A Reusable Interface Constructed by 3‐Aminophenylboronic Acid‐Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Cell Capture,Release, and Cytosensing

A newly developed electrochemical cell sensor for the determination of K562 leukemia cells using 3‐aminophenylboronic acid (APBA)‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) films is demonstrated. The films are generated by the covalent coupling between the ? NH₂ groups in APBA and the ? COOH group in the acid‐oxidized MWCNTs. As a result of the sugar‐specific affinity interactions, the K562 leukemia cells are firmly bound to the APBA‐functionalized MWCNTs film via boronic acid groups. Compared to electropolymerized APBA films, the presence of MWCNTs not only provides abundant boronic acid domains for cell capture, their high electrical conductivity also makes the film suitable for electrochemical sensing applications. The resulting modified electrodes are tested as cell detection sensors. This work presents a promising platform for effective cell capture and constructing reusable cytosensors.