山东半岛东部地区精神分裂症21号染色体基因扫描研究

目的用DNA混合池(DNA pooling)的方法,通过微卫星遗传标记对精神分裂症患者及对照者的21号染色体进行扫描,寻找精神分裂症的关联区域。方法在21号染色体上间隔10 cM(厘摩)遗传距离选择了5个微卫星遗传标记,对119例精神分裂症患者与119例正常对照者组成的DNA混合样本分别进行了扫描。用卡方[X~2]检验的方法进行统计学分析,逐一比较患者组与对照组等位基因峰型比率的差异。结果在D21S1256遗传位点患者组和对照组的等位基因频率差异有显著性意义,P＜0．001。结论山东半岛东部地区精神分裂症患者群体在21号染色体长臂存在关联区域,可能包含致病基因或调控因子的病变。     

精神分裂症9号染色体基因扫描研究

目的:对山东半岛精神分裂症患者及正常对照者的9号染色体进行基因扫描,查找精神分裂症的关联位点.方法:在9号染色体上间隔10 cM(厘摩)遗传距离,选择20个微卫星遗传位点,用脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)混合池的方法对119例精神分裂症患者与119名正常对照者的DNA样本分别混合后进行基因扫描,对比患者组与对照组在差异位点的等位基因峰型比率的差异.结果:在D9S273遗传位点患者组与对照组的等位基因频率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:山东半岛东部地区精神分裂症患者群体中存在与9号染色体关联的区域.     

山东半岛东部地区精神分裂症8号染色体基因扫描研究

目的对精神分裂症患者的8号染色体进行扫描,查找精神分裂症的关联区域。方法采用DNA混合池(DNA pooling)的方法,选择8号染色体上遗传距离间隔10cM(厘摩尔)的14个微卫星遗传标记,对山东潍坊东部偏远地区人群中的119例精神分裂症患者与119名正常对照分别进行了扫描,比较两组每个等位基因峰高比率的差异。结果患者组和对照组在遗传位点D8S264的等位基因频率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论山东潍坊东部地区的精神分裂症患者中在8号染色体短臂上存在与精神分裂症的关联区域,该区域可能包含致病基因或调控因子的畸变。     

山东省某地区精神分裂症患者6号染色体的基因组扫描研究

目的在6号染色体上寻找与精神分裂症的关联区域，进而定位精神分裂症的致病基因。方法在6号染色体采用问隔10cM（厘摩）遗传距离的20个微卫星遗传标记，分别对山东省潍坊市东部地区119例精神分裂症患者和119名正常对照者的DNA混合样本进行基因组扫描，比较两组每个等位基因峰值比率的差异。结果患者组D6S289和D6S460两个遗传位点上的等位基因频率分别为0．121和0．200，高于对照组（分别为0．046和0．157，P〈0．01），而患者组D6S1610遗传位点的等位基因频率（0．087）低于对照组（0．161，P〈0．01）。结论山东省潍坊市东部地区的精神分裂症患者中存在与6号染色体的关联区域，致病因子（基因或调控因子等）可能位于其中。     

JARID2与山东潍坊地区精神分裂症关联

目的 查找精神分裂症的易感基因.方法 用覆盖全基因组间隔距离10 cM(厘摩)的400个微卫星遗传标记,首先对山东省潍坊地区的119例精神分裂症患者与119例正常对照者的DNA混合样本分别进行基因组扫描,发现6号染色体上的D6S289位点基因频率在两组中差异显著,然后又对所有样本进行了逐个扫描与基因分型.结果 D6S289微卫星位点的等位基因频率及基因型频率与精神分裂症呈现关联,并且此位点位于JAR-ID2基因内部.结论 JARID2基因可能为精神分裂症的易感基因,需要对其进行深入研究.     

山东省双相情感障碍6号染色体基因扫描研究

目的 对双相情感障碍患者及正常对照者的6号染色体进行扫描,查找双相情感障碍的关联位点,进而定位易感基因.方法 在6号染色体上间隔10 cM(厘摩)遗传距离选择了20个微卫星遗传标记,对104例发病年龄≤20岁的双相情感障碍患者与1000例正常对照者组成的DNA混合样本分别进行了扫描.采用CLUMP软件进行统计学分析,逐一比较患者组与对照组等位基因频率的差异.结果 在D6S262位点发现患者组与对照组的等位基因频率差异有显著性意义(P<0.05).结论 山东省双相情感障碍患者与6号染色体上D6S262位点关联,基因突变或甲基化调控等致病因子可能位于其附近.     

山东省孤独症7号染色体基因扫描研究

目的对孤独症患者、其父母及正常对照者的7号染色体进行扫描,查找与孤独症关联的遗传位点。方法在7号染色体上间隔10cM遗传距离选择22个微卫星遗传位点,用DNA混合池的方法对38例孤独症患者、75例患者父母和1000例正常对照者的DNA样本进行基因扫描。采用CLUMP软件和SPSS10．0对患者组、父母组以及对照组每个位点的等位基因频率进行比较。结果在D7S513位点（7p21．3）发现患者组与对照组的等位基因频率存在显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论山东省孤独症患者在7号染色体的D7S513位点存在关联,需要在其附近进行易感基因筛查。     

微卫星D6S1960和D6S274多态性与精神分裂症的关联研究

目的探讨江西地区汉族人群微卫星D6S1960和D6S274遗传多态性与精神分裂症的关系。方法对符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-IV)诊断标准的174例精神分裂症患者进行微卫星D6S1960和D6S274多态性的检测,以174名健康体检者为正常对照组。结果患者组和正常对照组D6S1960位点的273bp等位基因的检出率分别为21.55%(75/348)和11.78%(41/348),两者的差异有统计学意义(X2=11.93,P0.01);两组D6S274位点的172bp等位基因检出率分别为11.78%(41/348)和4.60%(16/348),差异也有统计学意义(X2=11.93,P0.01)。两组间其他等位基因的检出率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 6号染色体短臂D6S1960和D6S274附近可能存在精神分裂症的易感基因。     

同胞精神分裂症患者与染色体D6S274和D6S296位点的关联分析

目的　探讨精神分裂症与6号染色体上基因位点多态性之间的关系。方法　选取南京市及其周边地区共患慢性精神分裂症的同胞60对(120例)及散发性精神分裂症120例,分别与正常同胞60对(120名)及120名正常人进行对照。采用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性技术,观察其D6S274和D6S296位点多态性的分布。结果　精神分裂症患者和正常人D6S274和D6S296位点上等位基因频率的分布均符合Hardy Weinberg平衡。共患慢性精神分裂症同胞组D6S296的264bp和278bp等位基因频率分别为20 83%和21 67%,高于正常同胞组(分别为7 08%和14 17% ),差异均有统计学意义(χ2 =18 84和4 59,P<0 01和P<0 05);其他各等位基因频率的分布在各组之间的差异无统计学意义。结论　慢性精神分裂症可能与人类6号染色体上D6S296位点关联。     

微卫星DNA vWA的多态性与精神分裂症的关联研究

目的　通过对微卫星DNAvWA多态性的分析 ,了解精神分裂症与vWA有关“等位基因”的关联情况。方法　对 32例精神分裂症患者和 12 3名随机人群采用PEProfilerplus系统进行PCR复合扩增 ,然后用ABI310型基因分析系统对扩增产物进行电泳和基因检测。结果　两组vWA“等位基因”频率符合Hardy Weinberg平衡定律 (P >0 0 5 ) ;精神分裂症组vWA 14的检出率为 17 2 % ,对照组的检出率为 33 3% ,两组有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;精神分裂症组vWA 17的检出率为 31 2 % ,对照组检出率为 19 5 % ,两组有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;其他各“等位基因”检出率两组无统计学显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　vWA“等位基因”vWA 14和vWA 17与精神分裂症的发病有关 ,在第 12号染色体上可能存在与精神分裂症相关的基因     

Association between chromogranin b gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia in the Japanese population.

BACKGROUND: We found in previous work a significant association between schizophrenia and D20S95 on chromosome 20p12.3. In this study, we analyzed 10 microsatellite markers and found an association of schizophrenia with D20S882 and D20S905 that flank D20S95. The chromogranin B gene (CHGB) is 30 kb from D20S905. The chromogranin B (secretogranin I) belongs to a series of acidic secretory proteins that are widely expressed in endocrine and neuronal cells, and its cerebrospinal fluid levels have been reported to decrease in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: We screened for polymorphisms in CHGB with polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing methods in 24 Japanese schizophrenic patients and identified a total of 22 polymorphisms. Allelic and genotypic distributions of detected polymorphisms were compared between unrelated Japanese schizophrenic patients (n = 192) and healthy control subjects (n = 192). RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in the allelic distributions were found between schizophrenic patients and control subjects for 1058C/G (A353G) (corrected p = 7.7 x 10(-5)) and 1104A/G (E368E) (corrected p = 8.1 x 10(-6)). The 1058C/G and 1104A/G alleles were in almost complete linkage disequilibrium and were in linkage disequilibrium with D20S95. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that the CHGB variations are involved in the susceptibility to schizophrenia in our study population.     

Genetic association and brain morphology studies and the chromosome 8p22 pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1) gene in susceptibility to schizophrenia

CONTEXT: There is evidence of linkage to a schizophrenia susceptibility locus on chromosome 8p21-22 found by several family linkage studies. OBJECTIVES: To fine map and identify a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia on chromosome 8p22 and to investigate the effect of this genetic susceptibility on an endophenotype of abnormal brain structure using magnetic resonance imaging. DESIGN: Fine mapping and identification of a chromosome 8p22 susceptibility gene was carried out by finding linkage disequilibrium between genetic markers and schizophrenia in multiply affected families, a case-control sample, and a trio sample. Variation in brain morphology associated with pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1) alleles was examined using voxel-based morphometry and statistical parametric mapping with magnetic resonance imaging.Setting and Patients A family sample of 13 large families multiply affected with schizophrenia, 2 schizophrenia case-control samples from the United Kingdom and Scotland, and a sample of schizophrenic trios from the United States containing parents and 1 affected child with schizophrenia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Tests of transmission disequilibrium between PCM1 locus polymorphisms and schizophrenia using a family sample and tests of allelic association in case-control and trio samples. Voxel-based morphometry using statistical parametric mapping. RESULTS: The family and trio samples both showed significant transmission disequilibrium between marker D85261 in the PCM1 gene locus and schizophrenia. The case-control sample from the United Kingdom also found significant allelic association between PCM1 gene markers and schizophrenia. Voxel-based morphometry of cases who had inherited a PCM1 genetic susceptibility showed a significant relative reduction in the volume of orbitofrontal cortex gray matter in comparison with patients with non-PCM1-associated schizophrenia, who, by contrast, showed gray matter volume reduction in the temporal pole, hippocampus, and inferior temporal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: The PCM1 gene is implicated in susceptibility to schizophrenia and is associated with orbitofrontal gray matter volumetric deficits.     

Possible linkage of schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder to chromosome 3q29; a follow-up

The present linkage study is a follow-up within the chromosome 3q29 region in schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder families, based on our recently published genome scan, resulting in evidence for linkage of both disorders to this region (marker D3S1265: NPL [non parametric lod] score Z(all)=3.74, P=0.003). Using the same family sample (five pedigrees with schizophrenic index patients and three pedigrees with index bipolar disorder patients N=86; 50 of them were available for genotyping), genotyping of eight additional markers close to D3S1265 was done. Five of those new markers (three centromeric and two telomeric of D3S1265) spanning 4.14 cM (centiMorgan) could be used for statistical analyses ("new markers"). Moreover, marker D3S1265, genotyped within the published genome scan, was used for additional calculations. Linkage analysis was performed using the GENEHUNTER program version 2.1r3. Within newly genotyped markers the highest NPL score Z(all) observed was 1.93296 with the telomeric SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) rs1835669, corresponding to P=0.032166. Statistical analysis including D3S1265, located in between the newly genotyped markers, resulted in a peak NPL score Z(all)=4.00179 with marker D3S1265, that is P=0.000128. Doing subset analyses of the bipolar disorder and schizophrenia families separately with new markers and D3S1265, linkage signals arose substantially from bipolar disorder families, with contribution from schizophrenia families, too. The results of our follow-up study support our previous linkage finding of schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder to chromosome 3q29.     

精神分裂症同胞家系的6号染色体基因组扫描研究

目的：通过对6号染色体进行候选区域的基因组扫描，探索精神分裂症的遗传易感基因。方法：以分布于6号染色体的28个微卫星标记在137个精神分裂症同胞家系样本中进行候选区域的基因扫描，采用受累同胞对分析方法，结合诊断分类，量表及必要的临床资料。通过GENEHUNTER ，MAPMAKER／SIBS等软件系统进行质量性状及数量性状的非参数连锁分析。结果：结合诊断分类的质量性状连锁分析未发现阳性结果。结合阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）的Haseman Elston数量性状连锁分析，结合PANSS－P分析所得最大Lod值为1．39，位于D6S1960附近，结合PANSS－G和PANSS－N所得最大Lod值分别为2．50和1．56，位于D6S291附近，变异因素数量性状分析与Haseman-Elason分析结果一致，即在相应的数量性状分析中，在D6S1960和D6S291附近，位点本身的遗传效应有明显作用的趋势。结论：6号染色体短臂可能存在精神分裂症的易感基因。     

A genome screen of a large bipolar affective disorder pedigree supports evidence for a susceptibility locus on chromosome 13q.

Bipolar affective disorder is a severe mood disorder that afflicts approximately 1% of the population worldwide. Twin and adoption studies have indicated that genetic factors contribute to the disorder and while many chromosomal regions have been implicated, no susceptibility genes have been identified. In this present study, we undertook a 10 cM genome screen using 400 microsatellite markers in a large multigenerational bipolar pedigree consisting of 40 individuals, including six affecteds. We found strongest evidence for linkage to chromosome 13q14. A maximum NPL score of 4.09 (P = 0.008) was obtained between markers D13S1272 and D13S153 using GENEHUNTER. A maximum two-point LOD score of 2.91 (theta = 0.0) was found for marker D13S153 and a maximum three-point LOD score of 3.0 was obtained between markers D13S291 and D13S153 under a recessive model with 90% maximum age-specific penetrance and including bipolar I and unipolar individuals as affected. Several other markers in the region, D13S175, D13S218, D13S263, and D13S156 had two-point LOD scores greater than 1.5. These results meet the criteria for evidence of suggestive linkage. Haplotype analysis enabled us to narrow the likely disease region to a 6 cM region between markers D13S1272 and D13S1319, which contains the serotonin 2A receptor candidate gene. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in this gene but we did not detect any significant differences in allele frequency in a case-control sample. The region on chromosome 13q14-32 has previously been implicated in other bipolar and schizophrenia cohorts. Our results provide further support for the existence of a susceptibility locus on chromosome 13q14.     

Failure to confirm an association between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Epsin 4</Emphasis> and schizophrenia in a Japanese population

Previous studies suggested that genetic variations in the 5' region of Epsin 4, a gene encoding enthoprotin on chromosome 5q33, are associated with schizophrenia. However, conflicting results have also been reported. We examined the possible association in a Japanese sample of 354 patients and 365 controls. Seventeen polymorphisms of Epsin 4 [3 microsatellites and 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] were selected. A microsatellite marker (D5S1403) demonstrated a significant difference in the allele frequency between patients and controls (uncorrected P = 0.04). However, there was no significant difference in the genotype or allele frequency between the two groups for the other microsatellites or SNPs. Haplotype-based analysis provided no evidence for an association. The positive result at D5S1403 no longer reached statistical significance when multiple testing was taken into consideration. Our results suggest that the examined region of Epsin 4 does not have a major influence on susceptibility to schizophrenia in Japanese.