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低压断路器作为《民用核安全设备目录》监管范围之外的备件,鲜有制造厂为其建立核质保体系并进行独立的设备鉴定,造成运营电厂难以找到停产备件的核级替代产品.本文借鉴美国商品化思路,应用试验法对商品级断路器的核级应用展开研究.研究过程包括标定商品级断路器对象,识别其安全相关的关键特性参数,研究制定验证大纲,完成验证试验,并总结后续备件采购过程中维持核级应用适用性结论的方法.该研究项目已经成功筛选出满足核级要求的商品级断路器替代产品,并实现了现场应用,验证了断路器商品化流程方法的合理性和可行性. 相似文献
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1.依法管理能源 ,积极贯彻《中华人民共和国节约能源法》使节能工作逐步走向法制化。应尽快制订配套法规和专业标准 ,逐步完善节能法规体系 ,以法制来保护我国有限的资源 ,以法律、法规来约束资源的开发利用。2 .大力推进节能技术进步 ,积极应用高新节能产品 ,引导企业采用节能的新工艺、新技术、新设备、新材料 ,加速产品的更新换代 ,促使其改造落后的工艺 ,强制淘汰高耗低效产品。3.加大宣传力度 ,节能是一门综合性跨学科的新兴科学 ,要增加节能的教育 ,培育节能专门人才。增强全民的“资源意识”、“节能意识”、“环境意识”。要把资源… 相似文献
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上海锅炉厂是我国最早建立的锅炉制造厂,是火电设备的“动力之源”,全国500家大型重点骨干企业之一。具有专业生产各种锅炉、石油、化工容器和核电设备的能力和悠久历史。 相似文献
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2011年的福岛核事故对全世界的核电发展产生了巨大的影响,面对中国核能高速发展的趋势和巨大的规模,核安全监管尤为重要。应加快中国核安全监管体制改革,理顺核安全的政府管理职能;成立独立、权威、有效和专业的核安全监管机构;加强核安全文化建设;同时加快《原子能法》和核安全法规的制定。 相似文献
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对径流式增压器“三壳两轮”等关键件现代机械加工工艺及制造、检测设备进行论述,供制造厂及设计院工艺人员商讨。 相似文献
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论述了当今电力企业安全文化的定义、特点和发展趋势,指出了要在原有企业安全文化的基础上,稳中求新,结合科学发展观,形成全新的安全管理模式,引导员工克服困难和提高防范意识,顺应电力企业安全文化的可持续发展。解读了科学保护意识的概念,从科学保护意识的形态、分类、意义、作用等方面,强调了培养科学保护意识的紧迫性和重要性,指出了要将科学保护意识融入企业安全文化中,在强调安全操作技能和责任感培养、强调严格遵守规章制度的同时,还应强调培养适应于新形势下运作的保护自身意识和保护设备意识,从源头上减少恶性事故发生的可能性,从每个细节做起,转被动为主动,防患于未然。 相似文献
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《Energy Policy》2016
This article reviews the current status and future prospects of commercial nuclear electric power, with emphasis on issues of safety, physical security, proliferation, and economics. Discussions of these issues are presented separately for the current operating fleet, for new reactor designs similar in size to the current fleet, and for prospective new reactors of substantially smaller size. This article also discusses the issue of expansion of commercial nuclear power into new countries. The article concludes with recommendations, related both to technical issues and policy considerations. The major implications for policy are that although the level of safety and security achieved in today's operating reactor fleet worldwide is considered broadly acceptable, some advanced designs now under development potentially offer demonstrably safer performance, and may offer improved financial performance also. Management and safety culture are vital attributes for achieving adequate safety and security, as are a strong political culture that includes an absence of corruption, an independent regulatory authority, and a separation of nuclear operation from day-to-day politics. In some countries that are now considering a nuclear-power program for the first time, careful attention to these attributes will be essential for success. 相似文献
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N. Meshkati 《Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects》2013,35(9):807-815
Abstract The world's sustainable energy generation depends on safe and un-interrupted operations of its nuclear power plants. Nuclear power constitutes a major source of energy for many countries and its electricity generation share is around 16%. As such, global security and sustainability are hostages to nuclear safety. Without nuclear safety, in this era of proliferating nuclear weapons, global security will be a dream; and in a world with 58 still operating Soviet-designed nuclear power reactors, sustainability will only be a mirage. According to a Russian official, all the commercial nuclear reactors operating on Russian territory are nothing better than “bombs temporarily generating electricity.” The share of energy generation of these reactors in their respective countries is rather significant; and in the short run, their closure and replacement are neither realistic nor economically feasible. Human and organizational factors play a vital role in the safety of complex, large-scale technological systems. Fortunately, these days, this fact has been almost universally recognized, although not necessarily fully incorporated into the operation, by the nuclear industry around the world. In order to improve the safety problems of nuclear power, we need to improve the safety culture of this industry and proactively address human and organizational-related factors. To keep the nuclear genie bottled around the world, we need genuine international cooperation and coordination among equipment manufacturers, operating companies, operators' unions, regulatory agencies, international organizations, scientific and research communities, and affected governments. 相似文献
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我国核电经过约一年半的安检、评估、规划后,在核安全规划、核电安全规划和核电发展规划发布后,于2012年11月重新启动,建设安全、高效的核电产业是这次核电重启的战略与方针.核安全是核电的生命线,我国核电安全的具体目标是:每堆年发生严重堆芯损坏事件的概率低于十万分之一,每堆年发生大量放射性物质释放事件的概率低于百万分之一.我国建设了安全性更好的二代改进型及三代示范堆核电站,从二代到三代,安全性、技术先进性在不断提高.我国运行核电机组安全业绩良好,安全是有保障的.核电高效发展是核电站效率、规模和建设速度的问题,就是要高效能、高效用、高效益发展核电.1985~2011年,我国用26年时间只建成了15台核电机组,装机容量只占电力总装机容量的1.1%,发展速度并不快.为了满足日益增长的能源需求,今后仍应积极推进核电建设,规模、批量建设核电站.至2015年应建成核电装机容量40000MW,至2020年应建成核电60000~70000MW,在建机组保持在30000MW左右.我国核电站比投资在不断下降,容量因子、设备可用率在不断提高,核燃料燃耗在不断加深.核电高效发展本身也包括经济发展核电,要在“安全第一”的前提下,处理好安全、高效、经济之间的关系,均衡统一发展. 相似文献
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《Power and Energy Magazine, IEEE》2006,4(6):25-33
During the 1980s and early 1990s, the nuclear power generation industry in the US was viewed by the public as a dying industry owing mainly to concerns about the safety of the nuclear units, the storage of spent nuclear fuel, transportation of nuclear materials to central locations, and the general security of the nuclear facilities. Since then, the industry has transformed itself from one perceived as a dangerous, expensive technology to that of a reliable electrical power source. It is now viewed as a positive source of power from a global warming perspective. Aggressive industry initiatives to improve plant operation and maintenance have alleviated the public fear of nuclear technology. With the public unrest quieted and the cost of non-nuclear generation on the rise, the promise of nuclear power as a safe and reliable energy source may now be realized 相似文献
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我国民营新能源企业目前遇到的困难有多方面的原因,其中组织文化的缺失和忽视是一个重要因素。本文结合民营新能源企业发展的特点,对其组织文化的内涵与核心问题进行了界定和剖析。针对当前民营新能源企业面临的组织文化经营意识淡薄、国际化与本土化冲突、缺少差别化和创新性,以及管理方式独裁问题,提出了重视组织文化创新、融合中西方企业文化精华、建立学习型组织文化,以及努力培养现代民营企业家等对策建议。 相似文献
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中国核电发展战略研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
叶奇蓁 《电网与水力发电进展》2010,26(1):3-9
中国能源资源品种丰富,人均占有量较少;能源资源结构不尽合理;能源资源分布与生产力布局不平衡。核电作为清洁能源,其基本特性决定了在应对能源挑战中有能力发挥无可替代的重要作用,我国在现阶段发展核电是调整能源布局的有效途径。中国核电已形成规模化批量化发展格局。二代改进型压水堆核电站随着技术的发展和运行经验的反馈.逐步引入新的成熟技术,使核电站的安全性得到进一步的提高。更应积极消化吸收第三代核电技术,使其安全目标更高、技术更先进。加快开发快中子增殖堆核电站、构建核燃料循环体系.可以将铀资源的利用率由普通的热堆的不足1%。提高到60%~70%,从而有效防止铀资源枯竭的威胁。 相似文献
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《Power and Energy Magazine, IEEE》2006,4(6):34-42
As the issues that stopped the development of new nuclear plants in the past having been addressed, the prospects for the revival of the US nuclear program have never been better. New designs are cheaper to build and operate, and operators have developed processes and programs to efficiently operate nuclear plants to maximize safety and reliability. Construction time frames appear to be attainable and reliable, and the licensing process has improved to allow significant investments to be made after the license is issued 相似文献