渤海湾盆地源于石炭-二叠系的煤成气成因特征和潜力分析

渤海湾盆地是叠合在华北地台上的含油气盆地,随着勘探的深入发展,陆续发现了一些源于石炭-二叠系的煤成气资源。作者通过地球化学研究,认为具有成藏意义的煤成气是古近纪以来二次生烃过程中生成的,并且发现现今的低突起、斜坡带和洼陷带是煤成气生成和聚集有利区带。由于断裂发育,煤成气常与上覆沙河街组生成的油型气混合成藏,作者通过统计各盆地I、II和III型有机质生成的甲烷和乙烷碳同位素分馏情况,给出了煤成气和油型气鉴别图版,可以判别是否为二者的混合气。利用一级反应动力学,预测了5种构造单元煤成气生成率,发现隆起区和凸起区没有二次生气过程,洼陷带生气率已超过80％,斜坡带和低突起正处于快速生气期、并有轻质油生成。这些为进一步认识渤海湾盆地煤成气聚集和勘探潜力提供了依据。     

济阳坳陷煤成气富集成藏的盆地动力学特征

济阳地区具有煤成气聚集成藏的物质基础和盆地动力学背景。主要表现在石炭—二叠系在济阳坳陷的某些中、新生代断陷区块内保存完整,以含煤地层为主要特色的生烃生气岩系发育;石炭—二叠系上部(如上石盒子组分布广泛而稳定的砂岩)具有良好的储层发育条件,区域盖层为煤成气成藏创造了封闭条件。因此,石炭—二叠系本身具有良好的生、储、盖组合序列,是济阳坳陷煤成气聚集成藏的最重要地质条件。      

煤岩初次和二次生烃动力学及其对沾化凹陷孤北天然气成因的解释

沾化凹陷孤北地区石炭一二叠系(C-P)潜山产出煤成气,油气勘探需要搞清楚产出的煤成气是煤岩初次埋藏、还是抬升剥蚀后再次埋藏生成的.在查明该区煤岩地质演化的基础上,采用热模拟实验方法,探讨了煤岩初次和二次生烃过程中气态烃与主要单体烃生成动力学特征,发现煤岩二次生烃的活化能比一次生烃高40～50 kJ/mol,认为孤北地区C-P煤系源岩达到4200 m深度条件(R°约0.9%)才发生二次生烃作用.与煤岩初次生气相比,二次生气具有iC4/nC4＜1、n(C6 C7)/i(C6 C7)＞0.8、甲苯/苯＜1.2等特征,据此认为孤北煤成气是煤岩二次生烃形成的.     

济阳拗陷内王判镇潜山带奥陶系成藏条件分析

王判镇潜山带发育白桥、任凤、王判镇3条深大断裂，自北向南分为Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ排山，奥陶系圈闭形成时间早于石炭—二叠纪二次生气运聚期。该区火山活动频繁，火成岩广布。奥陶系储集条件好。济阳地堑和曲堤地垒二次生气中心的煤成气对本区贡献不大。Ⅰ，Ⅱ排山中—东北部也为煤成气二次生气中心，具备煤成气气源条件，石炭—二叠系泥岩和铝土质泥岩、灰岩为优质的盖层，是寻找煤成气及其与幔源气混源气的有利场所。Ⅲ排山不具备煤成气气源条件，而具备幔源气气源条件，是寻找幔源气的有利场所。     

阜新煤田东梁区沙海组煤成气成藏条件分析

阜新煤田东梁区沙海组赋存有可观的煤成气资源（煤层气和砂体气）。通过对气源岩的生气能力、储集岩的储气能力、盖层的圈闭条件研究，认为沙海组煤成气具有良好的成藏条件。     

东濮凹陷文留地区煤成气运聚机理及成藏过程

文留地区是渤海湾盆地典型的煤成气区之一,随着勘探认识的不断深入,研究区煤成气运聚成藏过程的精细刻画仍需完善。运用流体包裹体技术分析文留地区煤成气成藏时间,基于断层活动特征明确研究区输导体系演化特征,根据断—盖组合关系及烃类流体包裹体丰度（GOI）测试结果分析气藏保存条件,最终明确文留地区煤成气成藏过程。研究表明,文东断层为研究区气源断层,其输导供烃条件可用断层输导效率系数（FTEC）进行量化表征,评价结果表明研究区具有优越的气源供给条件;文留地区煤成气来源于临近的洼陷带,煤成气在东营组沉积时期沿文东断层垂向运移至石炭—二叠系和沙四段储层聚集成藏,东营末构造抬升期气藏受构造运动影响而发生少量天然气散失。      

中国西部煤成气资源及大气田

中国西部煤成气的资源量和探明储量分别近 2 0× 10 1 2 m3 和 144 0 7亿m3 ,相应占该区天然气总资源量和总储量的 6 2 5 %和 6 7 8% ;我国 5个储量大于 10 0 0亿m3 的大气田均为西部的煤成气田 ,且大部分未开发。因此 ,西部煤成气将是我国今后天然气储量和产量大幅度增加的重要支柱。西部目前已发现 12个煤成大气田 ,这些大气田均分布于生气强度在 2 0亿m3 km2 以上的地区     

四川盆地上三叠统须家河组流体包裹体地球化学

<正>四川盆地须家河组多层系产气、大面积含气、天然气分布不受构造控制,气水分异差,含气饱和度变化大。前人对该区烃源岩和现今气田气进行了地球化学研究,根据δ13C2介于-30‰^-24‰之间,δDC2H6=-150‰-24‰之间,δDC2H6=-150‰^-110‰(梁艳等,2006;肖芝华等,2008),认为须家河组天然气为自生自储的煤成气,煤系烃源岩全天候生气,根据有限的包裹体温度统计分布呈现双峰特征(90-110‰(梁艳等,2006;肖芝华等,2008),认为须家河组天然气为自生自储的煤成气,煤系烃源岩全天候生气,根据有限的包裹体温度统计分布呈现双峰特征(90¹00℃和130100℃和130¹50℃),认为天然气幕式     

鄂尔多斯盆地延安组沉积环境与聚煤规律

鄂尔多斯盆地蕴藏着丰富的煤炭资源,石油、天然气和煤成气也很有希望.多年来,许多单位开展了大规模的普查勘探工作,积累了丰富的资料,本文依据前人实际资料,并通过野外观察和室内综合研究,力图阐明延安组沉积环境与聚煤规律.涉及面积约19万平方公     

鲁西南地区煤成气盖层类型及分布

运用石油地质学与煤成气地质学等研究方法,分析了鲁西南地区煤成气盖层类型及其分布特征。研究表明,鲁西南地区除发育较好的煤成气烃源岩、储集层外,盖层保存也较完整,具备了该地区良好的煤成气成藏条件。在各凹陷区内,石炭—二叠系保存完整,其煤层上覆的泥质岩分布广泛,且多含有机质,厚度100～400m,其中包括一套对煤成气封闭能力最佳的杂色铝土质泥岩层(俗称"B层铝土"),厚10～30m;古近系也发育了多套以泥质岩为主的沉积,泥质岩总厚度达1000m以上,这些泥质岩大多为暗色,富集有机质。这些形成于不同时期的煤系地层上覆泥岩层共同构成了本区较好的区域性盖层。尤其在成武凹陷、鱼台凹陷和大汶口凹陷发育的古近系化学蒸发岩类——石膏、岩盐,是该地区煤成气最重要的区域盖层。     

氧化性富金斑岩-矽卡岩矿床中碲、硒、铊富集机制的研究进展

富金斑岩-矽卡岩矿床目前提供了全球几乎所有的硒、碲及部分铊产量,其中氧化性富金斑岩-矽卡岩矿床可共伴生碲、硒、铊等稀散金属。文章从元素地球化学行为、矿床类型、岩浆作用、赋存状态、稀散金属与铜金关系等方面,总结了氧化性富金斑岩-矽卡岩矿床中有关碲、硒、铊富集机制的研究进展。碲、硒具有亲铁和亲硫的特征,而铊具有亲硫和亲石的双重特征,三者具有不同程度的挥发性。岩浆热液型矿床伴生有碲、硒、铊矿化。基性岩浆的注入和岩浆硫化物熔离可能是氧化性富金斑岩-矽卡岩矿床碲、硒、铊富集的主要岩浆作用。氧化性富金斑岩-矽卡岩矿床中铜和金含量通常呈正相关性,发育有丰富的含碲/硒/铊矿物,但碲、硒、铊与铜、金的关系还不清楚。长江中下游成矿带发育多个氧化性矽卡岩金矿、矽卡岩铜金矿,伴生大规模的碲、硒、铊矿化,且已被综合回收利用,该带是探讨氧化性富金矽卡岩矿床中碲、硒、铊富集机制的理想对象。     

Vostok-2 gold-base-metal-tungsten skarn deposit,Central Sikhote-Alin,Russia

Vostok-2—East Russia’s largest skarn deposit of high-grade sulfide-scheelite ore with substantial base-metal and gold mineralization—was formed during the Mesozoic orogenic epoch of evolution of the Far East marginal continental system as an element of the gold-tin-tungsten metallogenic belt. The deposit is related to the multistage monzodiorite-granodiorite-granite complex pertaining to the ilmenite series and spatially associated with a minor granodiorite porphyry (?) stock, which bears petrological features transi- tional to those of intrusive rocks occurring at Au-W and Au deposits. The hydrothermal metasomatic alteration of host rocks evolved from pyroxene skarn via retrograde postskarn and propylitic (hydrosilicate) metasomatic rocks to the late, low-temperature quartz-sericite metasomatic rocks often with albite, chlorite, carbonate, and apatite. The mineral assemblages of skarn and postskarn metasomatic rocks correspond to those at the reduced-type tungsten skarn deposits. Zoning of the postskarn metasomatic rocks is controlled by granodiorite stock. The hydrothermal metasomatic alteration was accompanied by development of mineralization from scheelite via sulfide-scheelite with pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite to the gold-base-metal-scheelite assemblage with arsenopyrite, Bi-Sb-Te-Pb-Zn sulfides and sulfosalts. Several scheelite generations are recognized. Scheelite of the late generations is enriched in Eu, as is typical of gold deposits. The associated gold mineralization comprises both native gold varying in fineness and Au-bearing arsenopyrite. The significant gold mineralization emphasizes genetic links of this deposit with intrusion-related Au-W and Au deposits of the reduced type.     

中国硒矿成矿规律概要

文章在全国矿产资源潜力动态评价项目开展过程中,对中国硒矿资源特征、硒矿类型、时空分布、成矿谱系进行分析与归纳,初步总结了中国硒矿成矿规律。文章对中国硒矿的资源特征及存在的问题进行了介绍;将中国硒矿划分为斑岩型、岩浆型、热液型、矽卡岩型、沉积型5大硒矿预测类型,初步总结了各类型硒矿的时空分布特征;将中国硒矿成矿时代总结为元古代、早古生代、晚古生代、中生代、新生代5个成矿期,划分了24个硒成矿带;厘定出39个与硒矿有关的成矿系列,建立了中国硒矿成矿谱系;最终选取了重点矿床类型和潜力评价工作区域。     

Defining trace-element alteration halos to skarn deposits hosted in heterogeneous carbonate rocks: Case study from the Cu–Zn Antamina skarn deposit,Peru

The presence of geochemical anomalies, defining haloes around hydrothermal ore deposits, can be used to vector towards mineralization, or identify ore bodies buried at depth. Several important types of ore deposits, including skarn deposits, are often hosted within carbonate-rich sedimentary rocks. Identifying anomalous trace-element concentrations in carbonate rocks is complicated by variable lithology (i.e. siliciclastic component) and volume loss during hydrothermal alteration. In this study of the world-class Antamina skarn deposit in Peru, we use the ratio of metals:immobile elements (e.g. La, Al₂O₃) to differentiate genuine and false geochemical anomalies in limestones and marbles surrounding the skarn deposit. Unaltered limestones are used to define threshold values for metal:immobile element ratios (through use of the median value ± 2 median absolute deviations). Genuine anomalies are identified when metal concentrations exceed those predicted using median + 2 median absolute deviations. In addition, comparison of “four acid” and lithium-borate fusion analytical techniques reveals that the lower cost four-acid techniques give reliable results. Our approach can be used to identify geochemical anomalies and halos related to hydrothermal alteration of carbonate-rich rocks, which have direct application to skarn deposits.     

长江中下游成矿带含稀散金属矿床特征初探

稀散金属是关键金属的重要部分,其矿化特点和成矿规律等方面受到矿床学界高度关注。文章总结了全球稀散金属矿化类型和分布规律,除了镓、镉和铊矿床外,其他锗、硒、铟、碲和铼5种稀散金属普遍伴生于斑岩-矽卡岩铜矿系统。笔者初步地绘制了全球斑岩型和矽卡岩型稀散金属的分布图、长江中下游成矿带含稀散金属矿床的分布图,指出长江中下游成矿带有2种不同类型含稀散金属矿床:一类呈伴生产于斑岩-矽卡岩铜铁金和铅锌矿床,以多种稀散金属为特征;另一类呈独立稀散金属矿床;以前者为主。文章以长江中下游矿成矿带鄂东南丰山矿田为例,介绍碲和铊的赋存状态,初步地建立了矽卡岩铜金碲矿床+远接触带低温金铊碲矿床组合模型。最后提出矽卡岩型稀散金属矿床重点关注的科学问题,建议加强氧化型含金矽卡岩矿床伴生的稀散金属矿床的成矿机制研究。     

Zircon U–Pb geochronological,trace element,and Hf isotopic constraints on the genesis of the Fe and Cu skarn deposits in the Qiman Tagh area,Qinghai Province,Eastern Kunlun Orogen,China

Fe and Cu skarn deposits are very important skarn types worldwide, but it is currently unclear whether the nature of intrusions related to Fe and Cu skarn deposits exerts a key influence on variations in metal associations between Fe and Cu skarn deposits. The Qiman Tagh area of Qinghai Province (QTQP), located in the Eastern Kunlun Orogen (EKO), provides a good opportunity to address this issue. Here, integrating new zircon U–Pb ages, trace elements and Hf isotopes from this study with published data, we constrain the sources of magma associated with Fe and Cu skarn deposits within the QTQP and discuss their role in controlling differences between Fe and Cu skarn deposits.Combined with published data, two discrete suites of the intrusions associated Fe and Cu skarn deposits have been recognized in the QTQP: (1) 245.1 ± 1.5 Ma granodiorite (related to a 245.5 ± 1.6 Ma Cu skarn deposit) has zircon εHf(t) values of −11.9 to −2.1; (2) 235–224 Ma monzonites, quartz monzonites, granodiorite porphyries, monzogranites, and granites associated with 234–225 Ma Fe skarn deposits are characterized by relatively high zircon εHf(t) values (−5.1 to +5.9). The Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data suggest that the intrusions of Suite 1 and 2 were dominantly derived by partial melting of a Mesoproterozoic juvenile mafic lower crust. Suite 2 intrusions associated with Fe skarn deposits have more mantle components in their magma sources than rocks of Suite 1 that are related to a Cu skarn deposit. Furthermore, zircon εHf(t) values of intrusions associated with Fe and Cu skarn deposits in the QTQP show a negative correlation between mantle components in the magma sources and the contents of Cu and Zn in these deposits. Zircon trace elements indicate that the intrusions associated with Fe skarn deposits are relatively less oxidized than the rock associated with Cu skarn deposit in the QTQP, reflecting a positive correlation between crustal components in the magma sources and oxygen fugacity of the magmas. This indicates that different proportions of mantle and crustal materials in the magma sources may affect oxygen fugacity and Fe contents of the magmas, which possibly leads to the variations in metal associations between Fe and Cu skarn deposits in the QTQP. Zircon U–Pb ages, trace elements and Hf isotopic compositions, combined with geological, geochronological, and geochemical evidence, indicates that having different proportions of mantle components in the magma sources of intrusions associated with Fe and Cu skarn deposits is one of the most critical factors controlling differences in metal association between Fe and Cu skarn deposits.     

青海长征沟地区铁矿床地质特征及成因探讨

青海长征沟地区铁矿床位于南祁连地块与柴达木地块拼接部位北缘,是近年来发现的一个重要铁矿床。为查明该地区铁矿床特征及成因类型,主要通过地质学手段进行详细的地质调查研究,为后续区域地质矿产工作规划部署和矿产勘查提供依据。 研究表明: 区内主要出露滩间山群安山玄武岩地层,区域变质程度较低,多表现为微弱的绿帘石化; 在西部黑山泉及藏羊沟中段局部夹含透镜状大理岩,普遍发育矽卡岩化,代表性蚀变有透辉石化、绿帘石化及石榴子石化等,局部发育矽卡岩型磁铁矿; 侵入岩发育,从基性到酸性均有出露,北部以基性为主,向南逐渐过渡为(中)酸性侵入岩为主。 因此认为该矿床属于与中酸性侵入岩有关的矽卡岩型铁矿床,并指出岩性、构造、蚀变和物探4种找矿标志。     

The origin of skarn beds, Ryllshyttan Zn�CPb�CAg + magnetite deposit, Bergslagen, Sweden

Thin- to medium-bedded, stratiform calc-silicate deposits (banded skarns) are a peculiar, but important, component of the supracrustal successions in the Palaeoproterozoic Bergslagen mining district of central Sweden. They are referred to as ??skarn-banded leptites?? in the literature and are common in areas and at stratigraphic levels that contain iron oxide and base metal sulphide deposits. The stratigraphic hanging wall of the stratabound Ryllshyttan Zn?CPb?CAg + magnetite deposit at Garpenberg, contains approximately 100?C150?m of interbedded aluminous skarn beds and rhyolitic ash-siltstones. The skarn beds are mineralogically variable and dominantly composed of grandite, spessartine, epidote, actinolite, quartz, clinopyroxene, and locally magnetite. Integrated field-mapping, and whole-rock lithogeochemical, microscopic and mineral chemical analyses suggest that the stratiform skarn beds are the products of at least two discrete hydrothermal events and subsequent metamorphism. The first event comprised accumulation in a quiescent subaqueous environment, below wave base, of calcareous and ferruginous sediments rich in Fe, Mn, Ca, and Mg. These chemical sediments were deposited concurrently with rhyolitic ash-silt sedimentation, thus forming a (now metamorphosed) laminated calcareous Fe formation with both a detrital rhyolitic component and rhyolitic siltstone interbeds. Positive Eu-anomalies and negative Ce-anomalies for normalized rare earth element analyses of skarn beds suggest that the iron may have been derived from exhalation of hot and reduced hydrothermal fluids, which upon mixing with more oxidized seawater, precipitated Fe oxides and/or carbonates that settled from suspension to the seafloor. The size of the positive Eu-anomalies of the chemical sediments are modified by the content of rhyolitic volcaniclastic material, which has a negative Eu anomaly, such that positive Eu-anomalies are only observed in skarn beds that possess a minor volcaniclastic component. Subsequently, the calcareous Fe formations were subjected to post-depositional alteration by hydrothermal fluids, locally yielding more manganoan and magnesian assemblages. The Mn-alteration is manifested by lateral gradations from epidote-grandite-clinopyroxene±magnetite rocks into significantly more Mn-rich quartz-spessartine rocks and massive andradite rocks over distances of less than 10?cm within individual skarn beds. Magnesian alteration is manifested by the development of discordant zones of pargasite para-amphibolites and formation of stratiform pargasite rocks texturally similar to the interlaminated grandite-epidote-ferroan diopside rocks. The latter increase in abundance towards the Ryllshyttan deposit and are associated with pre-metamorphic/pre-tectonic K?CMg?CFe±Si alteration (now biotite-phlogopite-garnet-cordierite-pargasite rocks) that is related to base metal mineralization. The zone of Mn- and Mg-altered skarn beds extends beyond the zone of pervasive K?CMg?CFe±Si alteration around Ryllshyttan. This suggests that the skarn bed progenitors, or their sedimentary contacts against rhyolitic ash-siltstones, acted as conduits to outflowing hydrothermal fluids. The chemical and mineralogical imprint, imposed on affected beds by alteration, may serve as indicators of proximity to intense K?CMg?CFe±Si alteration envelopes around other base metal sulphide deposits in Bergslagen. The last recorded event comprised syn-tectonic veining of competent massive andradite skarn beds. The veins contain quartz-albite-epidote-ferroan diopside-actinolite assemblages.     

新疆西南天山金矿床主要类型、特征及成矿作用

文章在总结前人研究成果的基础上,综合论述了西南天山金矿的成矿地质背景、金矿床的时空分布和基本特征。根据矿床地质特征和控矿因素,将西南天山的金矿划分为与剪切带有关的金矿床、与侵入岩有关的金矿床(包括斑岩型)、石英-重晶石脉型金矿床、与火山岩有关的金矿床和矽卡岩型金矿床5类,其中与剪切带有关的金矿床是最重要的矿床类型。探讨了西南天山金矿的成矿时代、成矿物质和成矿流体来源,以及成矿地球动力学机制。提出与剪切带有关的金矿床成矿物质主要来源于岩浆和海相碳酸盐岩,成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水或主要来自大气降水,混合少量岩浆水。石英-重晶石脉型金矿床成矿物质来自容矿地层,成矿流体主要来源于沉积建造水。与剪切带有关的金矿、与侵入岩有关的金矿、石英重晶石脉型金矿和矽卡岩型金矿成矿时代主要集中在二叠纪—三叠纪,形成于后碰撞构造演化阶段。斑岩型和浅成低温热液型金矿床形成于岛弧挤压环境。     

岩体侵位机制对矽卡岩型矿床的制约——以邯邢地区矽卡岩铁矿为例

河北省南部邯邢地区与矽卡岩型铁矿有关的中酸性侵入岩形成2套深成杂岩体:符山杂岩体和武安杂岩体。这2个杂岩体分别具有不同的侵位机制并对相关矽卡岩型铁矿产生制约:符山杂岩体属被动就位机制,岩体内部形成呈捕虏体状赋存的铁矿体,远离接触带的深部仍具找矿潜力;武安杂岩体属主动就位机制,岩体内部捕虏体罕见,相应的铁矿床主要产于岩体与围岩接触带处,少量形成于碳酸盐岩围岩中;主动就位机制下形成的褶皱是重要的容矿构造。由于矽卡岩型矿床主要的共同特点是与中酸性侵入岩和碳酸盐岩有关,这一成矿规律同样适用于其他矿种的矽卡岩型矿床。