Good Thermal Stability,High Permittivity,Low Dielectric Loss and Chemical Compatibility with Silver Electrodes of Low-Fired BaTiO<Subscript>3</Subscript>–Bi(Cu<Subscript>0.75</Subscript>W<Subscript>0.25</Subscript>)O<Subscript>3</Subscript> Ceramics

(1 ? x)BaTiO₃–xBi(Cu_0.75W_0.25)O₃ [(1 ? x)BT–xBCW, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04] perovskite solid solutions ceramics of an X8R-type multilayer ceramic capacitor with a low sintering temperature (900°C) were synthesized by a conventional solid state reaction technique. Raman spectra and x-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that a systematically structural evolution from a tetragonal phase to a pseudo-cubic phase appeared near 0.03 < x < 0.04. X-ray photoelectron analysis confirmed the existence of Cu⁺/Cu²⁺ mixed-valent structure in 0.96BT–0.04BCW ceramics. 0.96BT–0.04BCW ceramics sintered at 900°C showed excellent temperature stability of permittivity (Δε/ε _25°C ≤ ±15%) and retained good dielectric properties (relative permittivity ～1450 and dielectric loss ≤2%) over a wide temperature range from 25°C to 150°C at 1 MHz. Especially, 0.96BT–0.04BCW dielectrics have good compatibility with silver powders. Dielectric properties and electrode compatibility suggest that the developed materials can be used in low temperature co-fired multilayer capacitor applications.     

Effect of CuO Addition on Microwave Dielectric Properties of 0.80Sm(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3-0.20Ca0.8Sr0.2TiO3 Ceramics

The effects of CuO addition on phase composition, microstructure, sintering behavior, and microwave dielectric properties of 0.80Sm(Mg_0.5Ti_0.5)O₃-0.20 Ca_0.8Sr_0.2TiO₃(8SMT-2CST) ceramics prepared by a conventional solid-state ceramic route have been studied. CuO addition shows no obvious influence on the phase of the 8SMT-2CST ceramics and all the samples exhibit pure perovskite structure. Appropriate CuO addition can effectively promote sintering and grain growth, and consequently improve the dielectric properties of the ceramics. The sintering temperature of the ceramics decreases by 50°C by adding 1.00 wt.%CuO. Superior microwave dielectric properties with a ε _r of 29.8, Q × f of 85,500 GHz, and τ _f of 2.4 ppm/°C are obtained for 1.00 wt.%CuO doped 8SMT-2CST ceramics sintered at 1500°C, which shows dense and uniform microstructure as well as well-developed grain growth.     

Preparation and Characterization of Silica-Coated CaCu3Ti4O12

Silica was homogeneously coated on the surface of CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ (CCTO) particles via the sol–gel method. The obtained powders were characterized by x-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and zeta potential analysis. The results demonstrate that there were silica layers on the surface of the CCTO particles. Physical and dielectric properties of silica-coated CCTO were also studied. TEM imaging showed that the thickness of the silica layer on the CCTO particles was about 20 nm to 35 nm. The specimen coated with 1.0 wt.% silica showed the maximum relative density of 96.7% with high dielectric constant (12.78 × 10⁴) and low dielectric loss (0.005) at 20°C after sintering at 1000°C for 6 h.     

Dielectric Properties and Defect Chemistry of WO3-Doped K0.5Na0.5NbO3 Ceramics

The dielectric properties and conductivity behavior of WO₃-doped K_0.5Na_0.5 NbO₃ ceramics were investigated as a function of temperature (25°C to 600°C) and frequency (40 Hz to 10⁶ Hz). The dielectric loss and direct-current (DC) conductivity of the ceramics depend strongly on the tungsten content. A high-temperature dielectric relaxation near temperature of 500°C was observed and analyzed using the semiempirical complex Cole–Cole equation. The activation energy of the dielectric relaxation was estimated to be ～2 eV and increased with increasing WO₃. The frequency-dependent conductivity can be well described by the universal dielectric response law. The activation energy obtained from the DC conductivity changes from 0.93 eV to 1.49 eV. A possible mechanism for the high-temperature dielectric relaxation and conductivity is proposed based on the activation energy value and defect compensation.     

气相法对BaTiO3陶瓷扩渗Gd元素及其电性能研究

采用气相法对BaTiO3 陶瓷扩渗Gd元素 ,使BaTiO3 陶瓷的导电性发生了显著变化 ,其室温电阻率从 4 .0× 10 12 Ω·m下降为 2 .76× 10 3 Ω·m ,而且随着频率增大和温度升高 ,交流电导逐渐增大 ,BaTiO3 陶瓷的导电性更强。Gd扩渗后BaTiO3 陶瓷的晶粒电阻随着温度的变化 ,呈现NTCR效应 ,而晶界电阻随着温度的变化 ,呈现PTCR效应 ,且晶界电阻远远大于晶粒电阻 ,说明该材料的PTCR效应是由晶界效应引起的。Gd扩渗使BaTiO3 陶瓷的介电常数显著降低 ,且随频率的增大而逐渐减小 ,介电常数随温度的变化呈PTC效应 ,并使BaTiO3 陶瓷的居里温度升高为 130 .6°C。     

Effects of Carbon Coating on Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of CaCu3Ti4O12

CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ (CCTO) powders coated with carbon were synthesized by using a high-energy ball milling method. The obtained samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The carbon-coated CCTO particles had a rough surface, which resulted from the growth of the carbon coating on the CCTO particles. It was found that the CCTO phase was observed as the major phase and no reaction occurred between the carbon and CCTO during the sintering process. The grain size of the CCTO ceramics decreased with the increase in carbon content, which indicated that carbon inhibits grain growth of CCTO ceramics. Specially, the dielectric constant decreased with the increase in carbon content. And CCTO1 ceramic (mass ratio of CCTO: carbon = 10:1) showed a lower dielectric constant (3.74 × 10⁴), with the dielectric loss value (0.04) much lower than that of CCTO at 20°C (10 k Hz).     

Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Properties of Fused Silica Ceramics Prepared by Gelcasting

Fused silica ceramics were fabricated by gelcasting, by use of a low-toxicity N′N-dimethylacrylamide gel system, and had excellent properties compared with those obtained by use of the low-toxicity 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and toxic acrylamide systems. The effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure, mechanical and dielectric properties, and thermal shock resistance of the fused silica ceramics was investigated. The results showed that sintering temperature has a critical effect. Use of an appropriate sintering temperature will promote densification and improve the strength, thermal shock resistance, and dielectric properties of fused silica ceramics. However, excessively high sintering temperature will greatly facilitate crystallization of amorphous silica and result in more cristobalite in the sample, which will cause deterioration of these properties. Fused silica ceramics sintered at 1275°C have the maximum flexural strength, as high as 81.32 MPa, but, simultaneously, a high coefficient of linear expansion (2.56 × 10^?6/K at 800°C) and dramatically reduced residual flexural strength after thermal shock (600°C). Fused silica ceramics sintered at 1250°C have excellent properties, relatively high and similar flexural strength before (67.43 MPa) and after thermal shock (65.45 MPa), a dielectric constant of 3.34, and the lowest dielectric loss of 1.20 × 10^?3 (at 1 MHz).     

MgF_2·SrF_2掺杂PZN－BT陶瓷

适量掺入ＭｇＦ_２·ＳｒＦ_２有效地降低了０．８５ＰＺＮ（Ｐｂ（Ｚｎ_（１／３）Ｎｂ_（２／３））Ｏ_３）－０．１５ＢＴ（ＢａＴｉＯ_３）材料的烧结温度并得到了介电常数－温度特性接近于Ｘ７Ｒ特性标准的瓷料。在很宽的温度范围内出现了双介电常数峰。这种现象可从材料的纳米结构出发，用超顺电态的概念来描述。     

Effect of bismuth addition on sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of zinc titanate ceramics

The influences of Bi₂O₃ addition on the sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of ZnO-TiO₂ ceramics were investigated. ZnO-TiO₂ ceramics were prepared with conventional solid-state method and sintered at temperatures from 950°C to 1,100°C. The sintering temperature of ZnO-TiO₂ ceramics with Bi₂O₃ addition could be effectively reduced to 1,000°C due to the liquidphase effects resulting from the additives. A proper amount of Bi₂O₃ addition could effectively improve the densification and dielectric properties of ZnO-TiO₂ ceramics. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency could be controlled by varying the sintering temperature and lead to a zero τ_f value. At 1,000°C, 1ZnO-1TiO₂ ceramics with 1 wt.% addition gave better microwave dielectric properties ɛ_r of 29.3, a Q × f value of 22,000 GHz at 8.36 GHz, and a τ_f value of +17.4 ppm/ °C.     

铌钴镧掺杂对BaTiO3陶瓷结构与介电性能的影响

根据超薄介质层对高介电常数和细晶结构介质陶瓷材料的需要,采用非均匀形核淀积方法实现Nb、Co、La的氧化物与BaTiO3(BT)水热粉体在纳米水平上的均匀混合。研究了该方法制备的Nb、Co、La掺杂BT陶瓷的相结构、显微结构以及介电性能。实验发现,La、Nb、Co的掺杂可获得致密细晶BT陶瓷,晶粒尺寸可控制在300nm范围内,室温相对介电常数达到3400,介温稳定性符合X7R要求。     

Behaviour of Diffuse Phase Transition in Ba0.999Pr0.001 TiO3 Ceramics

Perovskite Ba_0.999Pr_0.001TiO₃ ceramics has been prepared through a solid-state reaction method. Dielectric properties of the doped BaTiO₃ (barium titanate) ceramics as a function of temperature at frequencies of 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz, and 1 MHz are studied and reported here. Analyzing the empirical parameters, it has been shown that the Pr³⁺ addition up-shifted the temperature of the maximal dielectric constant to 180 (K) at 1 kHz. The value of the dielectric constant at higher frequencies dropped markedly. Such a marked drop in the value of the dielectric constant at higher frequencies can be explained in terms of interfacial polarization. The high dielectric constant at lower frequencies is due to the build-up of charges at the grain–grain boundary interface which is responsible for the large polarization. The ceramic was subjected to Rietveld refinement for quantitative analysis of the microstructure of the material.     

High-Temperature Capacitor Based on Ca-Doped Bi<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Na<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>TiO<Subscript>3</Subscript>-BaTiO<Subscript>3</Subscript> Ceramics

High-temperature capacitors were prepared by the conventional oxide method based on Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-BaTiO₃-CaTiO₃ (BNT-BT-CT) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. BNT-BT is one of the promising candidates as a high-temperature relaxor, and has a high Curie temperature and broadened dielectric constant. The addition of CT increases the dielectric constant at lower temperatures and decreases the dielectric constant at higher temperatures, so that the variation of capacitance is decreased. The effect of BT on the temperature characteristic of dielectric constant is contrary to that of CT. A single-phase rhombohedral perovskite and square grains were obtained in this study. With the proper amount of BT and CT additions, the high-temperature specification can be met: from −55°C to 200°C, the variation of capacitance is within ±15% of room-temperature capacitance.     

Effect of MnO2 Addition on the Electrical Properties of PNZST Ceramics

(Pb_0.99Nb_0.02)[(Zr_0.70Sn_0.30) _x Ti_1?x ]_0.98O₃ (PNZST) piezoelectric ceramics of pure perovskite structure were prepared by a conventional ceramic fabrication method, where x = 0.48–0.56. When x = 0.52, the ceramics exhibit a high piezoelectric coefficient (d ₃₃ ～ 490), but the mechanical quality factor (Q _m) is only 72. To increase the Q _m and not dramatically lower the d ₃₃, MnO₂ was chosen as the additive. The effects of adding MnO₂ on the sinterability, structure, and electrical properties of PNZST ceramics were investigated in detail. With a small addition of MnO₂ (≤0.6 wt.%), the Mn ions are homogeneously dissolved in the PNZST ceramic, leading to full densification when sintered at 1,300 °C. However, further addition of MnO₂ prevents densification, causing a high porosity and small grain size. The doping of MnO₂ transforms the phase structure from tetragonal to rhombohedral. The addition of MnO₂ up to a maximum of 0.6 wt.% remarkably improves the mechanical quality factor (Q _m) of PNZST ceramics, simultaneously as well as maintaining a high d ₃₃ and k _p. PNZST with 0.6 wt.% MnO₂ exhibits excellent electrical properties with piezoelectric coefficient d ₃₃ = 392 pC/N, electromechanical coupling factor k _p = 0.60, mechanical quality factor Q _m = 1,050, dielectric constant ε _r = 1,232, dielectric dissipation tanδ = 0.0058, and Curie temperature T _C = 300 °C.     

X7R型BaTiO3基复相陶瓷的制备和表征

本文使用ZBSO纳米复合物作为助烧剂,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了钛酸钡(高温组元,记为BT)和Nb、Co、Nd掺杂钛酸钡基(低温组元,记为BTCNC)复相陶瓷。研究了高低温组元比例对陶瓷相组成,微观结构和介电性能的影响。实验结果表明,当高低元配比为0.83BT~0.17BTNCN时,加入0.25 wt%的助烧剂,所得复相陶瓷在1 200℃烧结6h后,其介电性能满足X7R标准,最大容温变化率小于13%。     

超细镁铝尖晶石凝胶注模用浆料的制备

研究了在凝胶注模用超细镁铝尖晶石浆料的制备工艺中，粉体粒度、pH值、分散剂等对浆料流变性、Zeta电位、粘度和稳定性的影响及作用机理。实验结果表明:相同剪切速率下，随着粉体粒径的减小，浆料粘度变大，稳定性提高。当浆料中不添加分散剂时，超细镁铝尖晶石浆料在酸性条件中的Zeta电位绝对值比在碱性条件下高。添加分散剂后，等电位点对应pH值向酸性方向移动，且随固相含量的提高，制备低粘度浆料所需分散剂百分含量越低。pH值和分散剂含量均存在最佳范围，过高和过低，浆料的流变性和稳定性均会变差。Zeta电位绝对值的大小仅仅是影响浆料稳定性的一个方面，如果分散剂过量，即使浆料颗粒Zeta电位绝对值很大，浆料也会产生团聚和絮凝。     

Sr－Pb－Bi系中高压介质瓷结构与性能研究

采用Ｘ射线、ＳＥＭ等分析手段，通过实验研究了以（Ｓｒ，Ｐｂ，Ｃａ）ＴｉＯ３复合钙钛矿为基的中高压介质瓷中，Ｐｂ、Ｂｉ２Ｏ３·ｎＴｉＯ２含量（摩尔分数），ｎ值大小及ＭｎＣＯ３添加剂等因素对其微观结构及性能的影响规律。适当调节Ｐｂ含量，可获得一系列不同温度系数的高介低损耗瓷料；Ｂｉ２０３·ｎＴｉＯ２含量及ｎ值均存在优值；适量ＭｎＣＯ３作添加剂有利于介质损耗降低和介电常数温度系数的优化，室温介电常数会随其加入量的增加而降低。研制出εｒ＝２０００，ｔｇδ≤０．００５．试样｜△Ｃ／Ｃ｜≤１０％，综合性能好的中高压瓷料。     

Ba-Bi复合掺杂对Y_2O_3·2TiO_2微波介质陶瓷性能的影响

采用Ba-Bi复合掺杂对Y2O3·2TiO2微波介质陶瓷进行改性,以降低其烧结温度并改善其介电性能。在固定Bi2Ti2O7掺杂量为质量分数8%的基础上,研究了BaCO3掺杂量对陶瓷微结构、烧结性能和介电性能的影响。结果表明:当w(BaCO3)为1%时,在较低的烧结温度(约1280℃)下保温2h制备了一种新型中介电常数Y2O3·2TiO2微波介质陶瓷。该陶瓷具有较好的介电性能:在1MHz下,εr≈72.5,tanδ≈2.5×10-3;在微波频率(5.03GHz)下,εr=72.1,Q·f值为2241.0GHz。     

提高95瓷性能及低温烧成的途径

综述了提高９５瓷（９５％Ａｌ２Ｏ３瓷）性能及低温烧成的途径，并探讨了其作用机理。研究结果表明，晶粒细小、闭口气孔率低且结构均匀的致密瓷件。其抗酸性、抗热震性、耐磨性和电学性能均佳；可通过添加适量改性添加剂，来提高９５瓷性能；９５瓷的烧结温度可降至１４００～１５００℃。     

Dielectric Properties of Porous Reaction-Bonded Silicon Nitride with Different Additives

The influence of additives on the dielectric properties of porous silicon nitride ceramics with 0.6-mm apertures and 56% porosity prepared by reaction sintering has been studied. The results show that high porosity and large apertures in porous silicon nitride ceramics lower the dielectric constant and dielectric loss compared with dense silicon nitride ceramic. α-Si₃N₄ additive is beneficial to decrease the dielectric constant and dielectric loss. Addition of Y₂O₃ and La₂O₃ powders may result in formation of Y-Si-O-N and La-Si-O-N phases, and enhance the volume fraction of β-Si₃N₄ phase. The transition of Y³⁺ and La³⁺ weakly associated ions and vacancies in the Y-Si-O-N and La-Si-O-N systems leads to higher dielectric constant and dielectric loss.

     

CBS掺杂对钛酸钡陶瓷介电性能的影响

研究了钙硼硅(CBS)微晶玻璃掺杂BaTiO3(BT)-Nb2O5-ZnO系统的微结构和介电性能,并用掺杂后晶粒壳与晶粒芯体积分数的变化规律分析了其改性机理。对比SEM照片得出,不同含量CBS掺杂BT的室温εr与掺杂后BT陶瓷的晶粒生长情况以及玻璃相的多少和分布密切相关。经优化配方和工艺后,在空气中于1150℃烧成的BaTiO3陶瓷材料的主要性能指标达到:εr25℃>1350,tgδ≤1.0×10-2,ρ≥1011?·cm,最大电容量变化率不超过±10%(-55～+150℃),适于制备中温烧结X8R多层陶瓷电容器。