微透镜阵列对Hartmann—Shack波前探测器探测精度的影响

微透镜阵列是Ｈａｒｔｍａｎｎ－Ｓｈａｃｋ波前探测器的核心元件之一。本文从理论上分析了微透镜阵列的性能对Ｈａｒｔｍａｎｎ－Ｓｈａｃｋ波前探测器的波前探测精度的影响，并根据理论分析进行了一系列实验，得到了有益的结果。     

衍射微透镜在红外单元探测器中的应用

研究了衍射微透镜提高红外探测器探测能力的方法,通过实验将衍射微透镜耦合到红外单元探测器上,使语组合件的响应度提高到３．２倍、比探测率提高到４．２倍。结果表明：采用微透镜作光聚能器后,探测器光敏面面积可减少而光能利用率增加,探测性能提高。衍射微秀镜的结构小,有利于与探测器集成,其研究极具实用价值。     

自准直测量系统中离焦误差分析及修正

在自准直角度测量系统中,当光电接收装置即四象限探测器偏离透镜焦平面时,会在测量系统中引入离焦误差。为提升自准直测量系统的精度,该文利用实验室已有的自准直角度测量系统,将反射镜角度对处于离焦状态的测量系统产生的影响进行分析,利用雷尼绍激光干涉测量系统测得角度值作为标准量,与测量实验系统测得角度量进行对比,根据测量结果求出离焦距离。从实验结果可以看出,将离焦距离求出并对四象限探测器与透镜间间距进行调整后,自准直角度测量曲线重合,证明将离焦误差有效消除。     

一种单模光纤双高斯耦合透镜的设计与优化

针对目前单模光纤耦合使用球面透镜存在较大像差、影响耦合效率的问题,提出了一种利用双高斯透镜作为耦合透镜消除像差、提高耦合效率的方法。双高斯透镜的特殊结构可以使得在使用球面镜时很好地消除包括球差在内的大部分像差。利用ZEMAX光学设计与仿真软件设计优化了一种用于780 nm波长、5μm模场直径单模光纤的双高斯耦合透镜,经过计算,其成像质量的评价函数达到10~(-5)量级,耦合效率达到82.07%。为单模光纤耦合透镜的设计和使用提供了一种新的思路。     

雪崩光电二极管在线性测量中的应用

本文讨论影响用作探测器的雪崩光电二极管响应度恒定的因素，在此基础上提出了两种保持响应度恒定的可行方法，恒温恒压法和偏置电压温度补偿法，并进行了实验验证。     

GaN光导型紫外探测器

研究了以金属有机物化学气相沉积方法生长在６Ｈ－ＳｉＣ衬底上的ＧａＮ光导型紫外探测器的光电流性质。通过光电流谱的测量，获得了ＧａＮ探测器在波长２５０ｎｍ－３６０ｎｍ范围近于平坦的光电流响应，并且观察到在３６５ｎｍ（￣３．４ｅＶ）带边附近陡峭的截止边。测得ＧａＮ探测器在５Ｖ偏压下在３６０ｎｍ波长处的光电流响应度为１３３Ａ／Ｗ，并得到了其响应度与外加偏压的关系。通过拟合光电信号强度与入射光调制频率的实验     

显微视觉结合光功率检测的光纤耦合方法

分析了光功率损耗的理论模型,指出横向偏移、光纤角度和端面间隙是影响对接损耗的主要参数,由此提出了显微视觉结合光功率检测的光纤耦合方法。在显微视觉系统引导下,采用精密并联机器人消除光纤角度及端面间隙的影响,并实现横向偏移的粗调整;利用压电陶瓷驱动的五自由度微动机器人精确调整横向偏移,通过设计合理策略,实现损耗极值区域的快速精确搜索。光纤耦合实验表明,粗调整后平均损耗0.3db;微动调整并熔接后,对接损耗减小到0.02db以下。     

应力波在基桩中的传播特性

将基桩简化为一维弹性杆，研究了位移波和应力波在不同类型的基桩中的传播特性。同时，本文分析了位移波和应力波在固定端、自由端和弹性支承端的反射特点。在固定端，位移为零而应力加倍；在自由端，应力为零而位移加倍。通过对应力波在基桩中的传播特性的分析，不仅有利于提高基桩动测的理性认识，而且为实测响应的解释和参数的估计提供了较为严格的理论依据。     

基于低温辐射计的光探测器响应度基准

基于低温辐射计建立了一系列激光波长上光探测器响应度测量基准。进行了基准装置性能的研究,应用光辐射有效加热功率检验方法进行了不确定度评估。在氦氖、氩氪离子以及钛蓝宝石激光器的10个波长上测量了作为标准探测器的陷阱探测器的响应度。在氦氖、氩氪离子激光波长测量结果的不确定度达到0.8×10^-4,在钛蓝宝石激光器达到1.1×10^-4。对标准探测器的面响应均匀性、非线性、偏振响应、角度响应等特性对响应度测量结果的影响进行了研究。     

探测器响应度不均匀性对测量LED平均发光强度的影响

使用响应度分布不均匀的探测器来测量光分布不均匀LED的平均发光强度时,其测量结果可能会引入显著的测量误差。设计实验装置对3种不同类型的探测器的响应度分布进行测量,结果表明带光漫射器的光度探测器响应度均匀性很差,这样的光度探测器用于测量一种白光LED平均发光强度时,响应度不均匀引起的测量误差可达2.0%。类似于光谱失配修正方法,给出了对探测器响应度不均匀性评价的方法以及响应度不均匀性评价因子c的表达式,并建议在进行LED平均发光强度测量时,应避免使用带光漫射器的光度探测器。     

高斯光束到光纤的单透镜耦合

分析了基模高斯激光束到单模和多模光纤的单透镜耦合过程中的各种损耗,把多模光纤的光场用高斯分布近似,采用模场耦合理论计算了基模高斯光束到单模和多模光纤的单透镜耦合效率.模拟计算了当激光-光纤耦合系统的工程参数(光束束宽、光纤数值孔径和光纤的纤芯芯径)一定时,单透镜耦合效率与所选用透镜的焦距之间的关系.并利用532mn激光(M2≤1.05)在几种不同焦距的透镜下对纤芯直径为3.μm的单模光纤和25μm的多模光纤进行了耦合效率的测定实验,得到了与理论计算基本吻合的实验结果.     

Foundations for low-loss fiber gradient-index lens pair coupling with the self-imaging mechanism

A fiber-optic collimator that emits a Gaussian beam with its beam waist at a certain distance after the exit face of the lens is labeled a self-imaging collimator. For such a collimator, the waist of the emitted Gaussian beam and its location are partly dependent on the properties of the gradient-index (GRIN) lens. Parameters for the self-imaging collimator are formulated in terms of the parameters of a GRIN lens (e.g., pitch, core refractive index, gradient index, length) and the optical wavelength. Next, by use of the Gaussian beam approximation, a general expression for the coupling power loss between two self-imaging-type single-mode fiber (SMF) collimators is, for the first time to our knowledge, derived as a function of three types of misalignment, namely, separation, lateral offset, and angular tilt misalignment. A coupling experiment between two self-imaging collimators with changing separation distance is successfully performed and matches the proposed self-imaging mechanism coupling loss theory. In addition, using a prism, lateral offset, as well as angular tilt, misalignments are experimentally simulated for a two self-imaging collimator coupling condition by a single collimator reflective test geometry. Experimental results agree well with the proposed loss formulas for self-imaging GRIN lenses. Hence, for the first time to our knowledge, the mathematical foundations are laid for employing self-imaging-type fiber collimators in SMF-based free-space systems allowing optimal design for ultra-low-loss coupling.     

高效非成像聚光光学系统设计与性能分析

针对菲涅尔透镜存在实际光学效率偏低的问题,本文设计了一种由非球面透镜和棒锥镜组成的高效非成像聚光光学系统。在光学设计软件Zemax的序列模式下对非球面透镜进行了优化设计,通过最大程度地减小球差,像面光斑的几何半径从42 mm降到了1.7 mm。基于此,在Zemax的非序列模式下,完成了非球面透镜和棒锥镜的建模和优化,通过蒙特卡罗光线追迹分析实现了光学效率为87%、接收角为0.9°的非成像聚光光学系统。最后,基于非球面透镜阵列和棒锥镜样品,实现了高倍聚光型光伏模组的封装与测试。测试结果表明,该模组的光电转换效率达30.03%,与菲涅尔透镜构成的高倍聚光型光伏模组相比有显著提升。     

Improvement of chromatic aberration of a plastic rod lens array. 1. Combination-color lens arrays consisting of several kinds of rod lenses with different gradient constants and different color filter functions

We propose a new type of rod lens array with improved chromatic aberration. The new rod lens array consists of several kinds of rod lenses with different gradient constants and different color filter functions. The gradient constant of each lens was prepared such that the total conjugate length was identical to the specific wavelength of the lens with a constant lens length. We call our new type of rod lens array a combination-color lens array. The characteristics of this color-type lens array are as follows: high angular aperture, short focal length, and ease of production with established procedures. The optical resolution of the rod lens array is 300 dpi in a wide wavelength range that is high enough to be applied to color scanners.     

TRIZ理论在半导体激光器耦合封装中的应用

目的解决在同轴型半导体激光器与光纤耦合封装过程中,由于隔离器的引入造成的耦合速度慢、生产率低,以及隔离器与激光器的封装设备中电磁铁拾放隔离器的机构在拾取隔离器后难以释放等问题。方法应用TRIZ理论矛盾矩阵解决发明问题中技术冲突的方法,提出将隔离器与激光器预先封装在一起再与光纤耦合的工艺流程。结果设计出了全新的拾放机构,优化后的实验样机将1个带隔离器的同轴型半导体激光器与光纤的耦合封装时间由原来的2 min缩短到了40 s。结论新的工艺流程大大降低了整个器件封装的难度,提高了耦合效率。     

Influence of ZrO2 particles on the optical properties of pc-LEDs

Experimental and modeling progress and results aiming to increase the color uniformity of hemisphere-type pcW-LEDs are proposed. By adding micrometric zirconia particles, the light scattering is enhanced, that induces a decrease of phosphor necessary to obtain a specific CCT. The optical model is able to determine the optical properties (CCT, angular CCT distribution, chromaticity and packaging efficiency) in a hemisphere LED for various amount of YAG-phosphor and ZrO₂-zirconia particles. Based on previous process, the work is in the first step to fit the effective radius and refractive index that will be implemented in the optical model. In the second step, the optical model is compared with the experimental measurement to determine the absorption coefficient and conversion efficiency of a package of silicone resin containing phosphor and zirconia. Finally, the model, confirmed by selected experimental results, allows determining the optical properties of any king of package that lead to a CCT emission ranging from 4500 K to 6500 K. The analysis of these data is interpreted by comparing, for a specific CCT, the phosphor loss, the packaging efficiency and the angular distribution of CCT. The results show that if the effort is targeted on one of the previous parameters, there is always a counterpart on the other ones. Increasing the color uniformity will induce to decrease the packaging efficiency.     

Optical processing with vortex-producing lenses

We discuss two types of optical processing using vortex-producing angular phase plates. In the most common spatial-filtering operation, an input object is Fourier transformed (either by Fraunhofer diffraction or with a lens system). The Fourier transform is then multiplied by an angular phase pattern, and the product is again Fourier transformed. The output is a space-invariant, edge-enhanced version of the input object. Alternatively we can directly image the object using a lens multiplied by the angular phase. The space-variant image is severely distorted along the optical axis of the system. We encode the phase plates onto a liquid-crystal display and present experimental results on both systems.     

Alignment of Gaussian beams

The design of a coupling between a semiconductor laser and a single-mode fiber, or between any two optical or acoustical elements that support Gaussian modes, is presented as a trade-off among coupling efficiency T(a), offset misalignment tolerance d(e), and angular misalignment tolerance theta(e). We show that these three parameters are subject to a trade-off limitation which takes the form 0 < T(a)(1/2)theta(e)d(e) < or = lambda/pi, and we show how to design a coupling so that the upper bound on the alignment product T(a)(1/2)theta(e)d(e) is achieved.     

基于ARM的嵌入式包装搬运机器人控制系统设计

目的为提高包装物品生产效率,提升直角包装搬运机器人的稳定性、可靠性和运动精度。方法根据四自由度直角坐标型包装搬运机器人的机械结构和功能需求,设计一款基于ARM嵌入式的直角包装搬运机器人控制系统。控制系统硬件由主控制器ARM,FPGA和示教器ARM组成,主控制器ARM通过串口与FPGA、示教器ARM以及伺服系统进行通讯。同时基于上述硬件结构提出一种改进型S曲线插值速度控制方法。结果实验结果表明,该控制系统下的直角包装搬运机器人定位精度为±0.5 mm,完全满足设计要求。结论该控制系统能够满足实际作业需求,提升了包装效率,降低了成本。     

基于引力势场的包装机器人自动避障控制方法

目的 为解决自动化包装机器人机械手受到障碍物影响导致避障效果较低的问题,提出自动化包装机器人机械手自主避障方法.方法 建立自动化包装机器人行走轨迹运动模型,计算其线速度和角速度,完成自动化包装机器人的运动学分析;利用相邻2个自动化包装机器人之间的引力势场,计算自动化包装机器人所受的合力;设置自动化包装机器人机械手自主避障的状态方程,设计自主避障算法;结合自主避障流程,实现自动化包装机器人机械手的自主避障.结果 在U型障碍物路段和H型障碍物路段中设计了对比实验,实验结果表明,提出的自主避障方法无论在哪种类型路段,自动化机器人的工作效率都在75％以上,具有较好的避障效果.结论 适用于自动化包装机器人的机械手避障,为自动化包装机器人的研究提供参考.