非结构网格下曲线变形的水平集方法

采用基于非结构网格的水平集方法对曲线变形问题进行了数值模拟。通过度量函数最优化过程得到曲线变形的驱动方程,驱动方程中增加曲线曲率项对度量函数进行优化,空间上采用有限体积法求解水平集方程,时间上采用Runge-kutta显式方法,时间、空间均达到2阶精度。实验结果得到了高质量的过渡曲线,显示复杂几何拓扑形变可以理想地实现。     

一种新的水平截集函数初始化和重新初始化方法——距离函数光滑法

水平截集(LevelSet)方法是求解曲线进化方程的一种重要方法,该方法主要缺陷是每隔一定时间需要重新初始化水平截集函数,使水平截集函数具有距离函数和充足光滑性的特征。现有各种重新初始化方法均不能使水平截集函数同时具有这两种特性。论文提出了一种新的水平截集初始化和重新初始化方法-距离函数光滑法,该方法可使初始化和重新初始化后的水平截集函数同时具有上述两种特性。该方法适用于数值求解精度为网格的界面运动问题的初始化和重新初始化,也可作为任意数值求解精度界面运动问题的初始化方法。数值试验表明了所建议方法的有效性,也表明了该方法可降低重新初始化的次数以及数值计算达到稳态的时间。     

曲面扩散的变分水平集方法

基于变分水平集方法提出了一种通用的曲面扩散变分模型,其数据项为演化曲面与原曲面的水平集函数Heaviside函数差的平方,规则项为基于整体曲率的通用函数,通过图像扩散模型中的总变差与该模型中的总曲率类比设计该规则项,以实现曲面扩散的任务。为了避免水平集函数的重新初始化,在本文的能量泛函中增加了水平集函数为符号距离函数的惩罚项。所得到的演化方程为4阶偏微分方程,对其对流项采用经典迎风差分格式离散,对其中的扩散项采用中心差分格式。最后通过数值算例验证了模型用于曲面光滑、边缘保持与边缘增强的可行性。     

高精度自适应的四边形网格重建

提出了海量数据点集的四边形网格重建算法。首先根据精度要求简化数据 点,按一定规则连接相邻的简化数据点生成多边形网格,对网格中高斯曲率较大的顶点进行 局部细分提高其精度,然后对多边形网格进行整体细分使其全部转化为四边形网格,最后分 裂度较大的顶点对其进行优化。实验结果表明,算法对拓扑结构较为复杂的海量数据点集的 四边形网格重建是行之有效的。     

全局各向异性四边形主导网格重建方法

四边形网格的结构特点要求网格单元满足全局一致性,难以取得网格质量与表达效率之间的平衡.为此,提出一种基于全局的各向异性四边形主导网格重建方法,可生成网格质量好且冗余程度低的四边形网格.重建过程以主曲率线为基本采样单元,首先计算模型表面的主曲率场并对主曲率场积分,得到密集的主曲率线采样;再根据贪心算法,利用几何形体自身的各向异性找出冗余度最高的主曲率线并予以删除;如此循环,直至达到理想的采样密度.该重建方法适用于任意拓扑网格模型,所得到的各向异性四边形主导网格在网格模型分辨率下降时,由于始终保留重要主曲率线,从而可以更好地保持模型特征.同时,在基于贪心算法的渐进式主曲率线删除过程中,可产生分辨率连续可调的四边形主导网格.     

全局各向异性四边形主导网格重建方法?

四边形网格的结构特点要求网格单元满足全局一致性,难以取得网格质量与表达效率之间的平衡。为此,提出一种基于全局的各向异性四边形主导网格重建方法,可生成网格质量好且冗余程度低的四边形网格。重建过程以主曲率线为基本采样单元,首先计算模型表面的主曲率场并对主曲率场积分,得到密集的主曲率线采样;再根据贪心算法,利用几何形体自身的各向异性找出冗余度最高的主曲率线并予以删除;如此循环,直至达到理想的采样密度。该重建方法适用于任意拓扑网格模型,所得到的各向异性四边形主导网格在网格模型分辨率下降时,由于始终保留重要主曲率线,从而可以更好地保持模型特征。同时,在基于贪心算法的渐进式主曲率线删除过程中,可产生分辨率连续可调的四边形主导网格。     

关于非矩形网格上的二维抛物型方程的差分格式

在矩形网格上建立了许多实际应用中很有效的二维抛物型方程的差分格式.在非矩形网格上近似解二维抛物型方程可以用有限元法.Winslow和曾经讨论过用差分方法在非矩形网格上求解二维抛物型方程的问题.本文用积分插值方法在非矩形网格上推导了一个二维抛物型方程的差分格式,并当网格为任意四边形时给出了一个经济格式和有关的数值结果.     

几种基于参数估计的图像分割比较

基于变分水平集方法建立了两相图像分割的通用模型,其区域模型基于图像的一般概率分布函数,通过变分方法得到水平集函数的演化方程和符合常值分布、Gauss分布及Rayleigh分布的参数估计。通过半隐式差分格式对演化方程离散求解,对含不同噪声分布图像采用不同的参数估计模型进行分割,得到了有意义的结论,得出三种模型适用范围,并分析各个模型驱动曲线演化所依据的图像蕴含信息。此外,通过在能量泛函中增加使水平集函数为符号距离函数的约束项,有效地避免了水平集函数需要重新初始化的问题。     

一种基于AOS格式的多相水平集快速分割方法

采用迎风格式的水平集算法实现需要在曲线演化过程中重新初始化水平集函数的要求,为保证算法的稳定,时间步长选取较小值,算法运行速度较慢。文中基于无须重新初始化的水平集方法,在算法数值实现中引入AOS半隐格式,对基于不同统计模型的水平集分割算法给出统一的数值实现。以二相水平集分割算法为基础提出一种新的多相水平集分割方法。该方法采用一个水平集函数进行多次演化实现多区域分割,其优点包括：1)采用AOS半隐格式,该格式无条件稳定,可采用较大的时间步长;2)对多个统计模型进行统一处理;3)采用单一的水平集函数进行演化,减少水平集演化方程的数量,算法更加灵活。实验结果表明,该方法具有较快的分割速度,对具有多个区域的图像能够进行较准确的分割。     

非结构网格的并行多重网格解算器

多重网格方法作为非结构网格的高效解算器,其串行与并行实现在时空上都具有优良特性.以控制方程离散过程为切入点,说明非结构网格在并行数值模拟的流程,指出多重网格方法主要用于求解时间推进格式产生的大规模代数系统方程,简述了算法实现的基本结构,分析了其高效性原理;其次,综述性地概括了几何多重网格与代数多种网格研究动态,并对其并行化的热点问题进行重点论述.同时,针对非结构网格的实际应用,总结了多重网格解算器采用的光滑算子;随后列举了非结构网格应用的部分开源项目软件,并简要说明了其应用功能;最后,指出并行多重网格解算器在非结构网格应用中的若干关键问题和未来的研究方向.     

Winslow Smoothing on Two-Dimensional Unstructured Meshes

The Winslow equations from structured elliptic grid generation are adapted to smoothing of two-dimensional unstructured meshes using a finite difference approach. We use a local mapping from a uniform N-valent logical mesh to a local physical subdomain. Taylor Series expansions are then applied to compute the derivatives which appear in the Winslow equations. The resulting algorithm for Winslow smoothing on unstructured triangular and quadrilateral meshes gives generally superior qualilty than traditional Laplacian smoothing, while retaining the resistance to mesh folding on structured quadrilateral meshes.     

Numerical modelling of interfacial soil erosion with viscous incompressible flows

The aim of this study is to develop a numerical model for simulating surface erosion occurring at a fluid/soil interface subject to a flow process. Balance equations with jump relations are used. A penalization procedure including a fictitious domain method is used to compute the Stokes flow around obstacles, in order to avoid body-fitted unstructured meshes and instead use fast and efficient finite volume approximations on Cartesian meshes. The evolution of the water/soil interface is described by using a level set function. The ability of the model to predict the interfacial erosion of soils is confirmed by several numerical simulations.     

All-hexahedral mesh generation via inside-out advancing front based on harmonic fields

The generation of hexahedral meshes is an open problem that has undergone significant research. This paper deals with a novel inside-out advancing front method to generate unstructured all-hexahedral meshes for given volumes. Two orthogonal harmonic fields, principal and radial harmonic fields, are generated to guide the inside-out advancing front process based on a few user interactions. Starting from an initial hexahedral mesh inside the given volume, we advance the boundary quadrilateral mesh along the streamlines of radial field and construct layers of hexahedral elements. To ensure high quality and uniform size of the hexahedral mesh, quadrilateral elements are decomposed in such a way that no non-hexahedral element is produced. For complex volume with branch structures, we segment the complex volume into simple sub-volumes that are suitable for our method. Experimental results show that our method generates high quality all-hexahedral meshes for the given volumes.     

非结构任意多边形网格辐射扩散方程有限体积格式

本文基于非结构任意多边形网格体系,给出了求解辐射扩散方程的中心型有限体积格式,格式中出现的网格节点未知量由相邻的网格中心未知量加权给出,综合考虑网格几何及扩散系数的影响,给出了节点未知量的一种加权方式,数值实验表明格式在各种非结构网格上具有较强的适应性.     

Surface Fairing towards Regular Principal Curvature Line Networks

Freeform surfaces whose principal curvature line network is regularly distributed, are essential to many real applications like CAD modeling, architecture design, and industrial fabrication. However, most designed surfaces do not hold this nice property because it is hard to enforce such constraints in the design process. In this paper, we present a novel method for surface fairing which takes a regular distribution of the principal curvature line network on a surface as an objective. Our method first removes the high‐frequency signals from the curvature tensor field of an input freeform surface by a novel rolling guidance tensor filter, which results in a more regular and smooth curvature tensor field, then deforms the input surface to match the smoothed field as much as possible. As an application, we solve the problem of approximating freeform surfaces with regular principal curvature line networks, discretized by quadrilateral meshes. By introducing the circular or conical conditions on the quadrilateral mesh to guarantee the existence of discrete principal curvature line networks, and minimizing the approximate error to the original surface and improving the fairness of the quad mesh, we obtain a regular discrete principal curvature line network that approximates the original surface. We evaluate the efficacy of our method on various freeform surfaces and demonstrate the superiority of the rolling guidance tensor filter over other tensor smoothing techniques. We also utilize our method to generate high‐quality circular/conical meshes for architecture design and cyclide spline surfaces for CAD modeling.     

Topological improvement procedures for quadrilateral finite element meshes

This paper presents a set of procedures for improving the topology of unstructured quadrilateral finite element meshes. These procedures are based on the topology of the finite element mesh, and all operations act only on local regions of the mesh. The goal is to optimize the topology such that the smoothing process can produce the best possible element quality. Topological improvement procedures are presented both for elements that are interior to the mesh and for elements connected to the boundary. Also presented is a discussion of efficiency and optimal ordering of the procedures. Several example meshes are included to show the effectiveness of the current approach in improving element qualities in a finite element mesh.     

车身冲压模型腔表面四边形网格的局部粗化

给定一车身冲压模型腔表面上结构化的四边形网格，通过单元合并对网格进行自动的粗化，其目的在于简化冲压仿真模型，提高仿真计算速度，首先，根据单元节点曲率半径的分布，搜寻出满足单元合并条件的初始四边形区域，接头，判断初始合交区域的边界过渡条件，最后，进行单合并，冲压成型仿真应用实例证明，文中算法既提高了仿真速度，又保持了仿真精度，该算法可以推广到任意曲面结构化四边形网格的局部粗化问题。     

全四边形有限元网格的拓扑优化策略

基于有限元网格的局部拓扑结构,给出一些非结构化全四边形有限元网格的拓扑优化策略,这些策略被组织成"型-操作"的形式.型是指一类满足一定约束条件的局部区域网格,而操作则是指与特定型相对应的拓扑变换,它能优化局部网格中节点的度值,从而优化局部网格质量.这些策略可分成针对网格内部单元和针对网格边界单元2类.实验结果表明,这些策略能较好地改善四边形网格的质量.     

Generation of bi-monotone patches from quadrilateral mesh for reverse engineering

Thanks to recent improvements, computational methods can now be used to convert triangular meshes into quadrilateral meshes so that the quadrilateral elements capture well the principal curvature directional fields of surfaces and intrinsically have surface parametric values. In this study, a quadrilateral mesh generated using the mixed integer quadrangulation technique of Bommes et al. is used for input. We first segment a quadrilateral mesh into four-sided patches. The feature curves inside these patches are then detected and are constrained to act as the patch boundaries. Finally, the patch configuration is improved to generate large patches. The proposed method produces bi-monotone patches, which are appropriate for use in reverse engineering to capture the surface details of an object. A shape control parameter that can be adjusted by the user during the patch generation process is also provided to support the creation of patches with good bi-monotone shapes. This study mainly targets shape models of mechanical parts consisting of major smooth surfaces with feature curves between them.     

A methodology for quadrilateral finite element mesh coarsening

High fidelity finite element modeling of continuum mechanics problems often requires using all quadrilateral or all hexahedral meshes. The efficiency of such models is often dependent upon the ability to adapt a mesh to the physics of the phenomena. Adapting a mesh requires the ability to both refine and/or coarsen the mesh. The algorithms available to refine and coarsen triangular and tetrahedral meshes are very robust and efficient. However, the ability to locally and conformally refine or coarsen all quadrilateral and all hexahedral meshes presents many difficulties. Some research has been done on localized conformal refinement of quadrilateral and hexahedral meshes. However, little work has been done on localized conformal coarsening of quadrilateral and hexahedral meshes. A general method which provides both localized conformal coarsening and refinement for quadrilateral meshes is presented in this paper. This method is based on restructuring the mesh with simplex manipulations to the dual of the mesh. In addition, this method appears to be extensible to hexahedral meshes in three dimensions. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.