高职院校学生心理咨询态度的调查分析

目的：调查并分析高职院校学生心理咨询的态度情况。方法：资料随机选自2013年2月-2014年2月本市各所高职院校不同年级不同专业的学生185例，采用自编的“大学生心理咨询态度量表”对高职学生进行心理咨询的态度查和分析。结果：高职院校中女生对心理咨询的态度情况优于男生，独生子女及双亲家庭的学生对心理咨询的态度情况均优于非独生子女和单亲家庭的学生，且城镇学生对心理咨询的态度情况优于农村学生，比较差异均具统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：高职院校相关部门应重视对学生的心理健康教育，端正学生对心理咨询的态度，使其在遇到心理问题时主动寻求专业性的心理帮助。     

提高产妇分娩自我效能感的团体心理咨询研究——方案构建

产妇的分娩自我效能是影响其分娩方式的重要因素之一.依据自我效能感和分娩自我效能感的涵义、分娩自我效能感的影响因素、团体心理咨询对提高产妇分娩自我效能的促进性分析,探讨针对提高产妇的分娩自我效能感的团体心理咨询方案的建构.     

佛山市中小学心理咨询人员自我效能感的相关影响因素

目的了解佛山市中小学校心理咨询人员的一般自我效能感。方法采用多阶段整群抽样的方法随机抽取佛山市中小学心理咨询人员108名,采用自编问卷、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)和简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)进行调查。结果中小学心理咨询专兼职人员的自我效能感存在统计学差异(P=0.003),专职人员自我效能高于兼职人员;中小学专兼职心理咨询人员的消极应对方式存在统计学差异(P=0.007),兼职人员的消极应对高于专职人员;不同学历心理咨询人员的积极应对方式存在统计学差异(P=0.039),硕士及以上人员的积极应对得分最高,大专及以下人员得分最低。结论中小学校心理咨询人员的自我效能与积极应对方式及岗位性质(专、兼职)有关。     

高校心理健康教育应关注大学生的自我和谐

关注大学生自我和谐是建设和谐社会的时代需要,是顺应心理健康教育观念新变革的需要。开展发展性心理咨询、心理素质拓展训练、心理健康教育课程等是促进大学生自我和谐的有效途径。     

团体心理咨询在高校学生自强训练方面的应用研究

目的 研究团体心理咨询对提高高校学生的自我认识、自我接纳、自我尊重和自信心等心理素质的效果.方法 选取高校学生15名,采用团体心理咨询的方法.结果 所有团体成员参加活动后变化显著,从"主观评估"和SCL-90症状量表的前后测试结果看,变化都朝正向发展,且经P检验,差异有统计学意义.结论 团体心理咨询对于提高学生的自我认识、自我接纳、自我尊重和自信心等心理素质是一种有效的办法.     

团体心理咨询在高校学生自强训练方面的应用研究

目的研究团体心理咨询对提高高校学生的自我认识、自我接纳、自我尊重和自信心等心理素质的效果。方法选取高校学生15名,采用团体心理咨询的方法。结果所有团体成员参加活动后变化显著,从“主观评估”和SCL-90症状量表的前后测试结果看,变化都朝正向发展,且经P检验,差异有统计学意义。结论团体心理咨询对于提高学生的自我认识、自我接纳、自我尊重和自信心等心理素质是一种有效的办法。     

团体心理咨询课程对大学生心理健康状况的影响

[目的]探索团体心理咨询课程在解决大学生心理问题方面的作用和效果。[方法]对99名自愿参加团体心理咨询课程的学生采用自编问卷,在每次咨询之后进行结果测评,计算构成比并进行描述性分析。[结果]团体心理咨询课程的满意度在50%～90%之间,平均满意度为79%;学生收获主要集中于自我表达能力、自我认知能力和团队交往能力的提升;在课后应用时,对人际交往的影响最大。[结论]团体心理咨询课程能够改善大学生的心理健康状况,尤其是人际交往能力。     

高职生应付方式和自我和谐与抑郁的关系研究

目的 探讨高职生应付方式、自我和谐与抑郁的关系,以及应付方式、自我和谐对高职生抑郁的影响,为提高其心理健康水平寻求切实可行的角度. 方法 以应付方式问卷、自我和谐量表和抑郁自评量表对广东省某高等职业院校学生295人进行团体施测,采用SPSS10.0统计软件对施测结果进行多元方差分析和回归分析.结果 ①应付方式:大二学生在应付方式中的幻想、退避和合理化因子得分较大一学生高;大专生较五专生在解决问题因子得分高;②自我和谐:五年制外语专业大二学生自我与经验的不和谐因子得分最高,而三年制艺术专业大一学生自我与经验的不和谐因子得分最低;外语专业学生较艺术专业学生在自我的灵活性因子得分高;③抑郁:样本中大约59%的被试存在不同程度的抑郁表现,其中中度以上抑郁者占总人数的27%;回归分析表明,自我的灵活性、自我与经验的不和谐、自责和求助因子,能解释抑郁总方差的41.8%.结论 预防和缓解高职生的抑郁情绪,切实维护高职生心理健康刻不容缓;心理健康工作者可以从不同年级、专业和学制高职生的特点出发,有针对性地对高职生进行心理干预.     

学校心理咨询辅导的实施研讨

1　学校心理咨询的对象和任务　　学校心理咨询是一种设立在学校校园内的为解决教育过程中出现的心理问题而进行的咨询辅导 ,学校心理咨询辅导的服务对象是全体学生 ,但还包括学校职工、管理者和家长。学校心理咨询工作者的职责可以归纳为 4个方面 :①促使学生发展自我意识 ,包括自我理解 ,自我评价 ;帮助学生选择专业、课程、工作 ;帮助学生根据自己的理想和现实条件确定学习的近期目标和远期目标 ,制订平时的学习和训练计划等。帮助学生注意自身发展中几个心理冲突较大的关键时期 ,做好维护学生心理发展与健康的工作。②帮助学生家长、学…     

提高产妇分娩自我效能感的临床实证研究

目的 对构建的提高产妇分娩自我效能感的团体心理咨询方案进行实证研究.方法 以第一次产检的先后顺序为标准,将被试随机分为实验组和对照组各36例,对照组予以常规的产科检查,实验组除接受常规的产科检查外,再进行提高分娩自我效能感的团体咨询干预.应用一般自我效能感量表、自编分娩自我效能感量表、妊娠压力量表分别于干预前后对两组产...     

Why do people consult the doctor?

BACKGROUND: Symptoms are an everyday part of most peoples' lives and manypeople with illness do not consult their doctor. The decisionto consult is not based simply on the presence or absence ofmedical problems. Rather it is based on a complex mix of socialand psychological factors. OBJECTIVES: This literature review seeks to explore some of the pathwaysto care and those factors associated with low and high ratesof consultation. METHODS: The paper examines the impact of socioeconomic and demographicfactors on consultation rates and, using a revised version ofthe Health Belief Model, it highlights the psychological factorswhich influence decisions to seek medical care. Barriers whichcan inhibit consultation are discussed, as the decision to seekcare will only result in a consultation if there is adequateaccess to care. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Whilst poor health status and social disadvantage increase both"objective" medical need and in turn, consultation rates, arange of other social and psychological factors have been shownto influence consulting behaviour. Keywords. Consultations, general practice, psychological factors, social factors, symptoms.     

某军校大学生对心理咨询的认识与态度

目的了解军校大学生对心理咨询的认识与态度。方法自编关于心理咨询的情况调查表，对石家庄某军校500名大学生进行调查，结果进行卡方检验。结果大学生在对心理咨询的态度及效果评价等9个题目上差异有统计学意义。结论扩大宣传，提高咨询效果，发展军校心理咨洵事业，具有非常重要意义。     

Consultation for and identification of child and adolescent psychological problems in Dutch general practice

BACKGROUND: Child and adolescent psychological problems are rarely brought to the attention of GPs. Children and adolescents with psychological problems who do visit their GP are seldom identified as such by GPs. OBJECTIVE: To investigate in a general population sample of 2,449 Dutch children and adolescents (4-17 years) GP consultation and GP diagnoses of child psychological problems, and the influence of child and family characteristics upon these variables. METHODS: The degree to which parent, teacher, and adolescent reports of the presence of child psychological problems are in concordance with GP diagnoses of these problems was determined. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine correlates of GP consultation and psychological diagnoses. RESULTS: Approximately 80% of children and adolescents with psychological problems had visited their GP within the preceding year. GP consultation was most strongly associated with child/adolescent chronic physical disorders. Concordance between GP psychological diagnoses and parent, teacher, and adolescent reports of psychological problems was limited. Children and adolescents with psychological problems according to parent or teacher report, children with school problems, young boys, adolescents with negative health perceptions, and adolescents from single parent families were more likely to be diagnosed with psychological problems by GPs. CONCLUSION: Improving GPs' interview techniques, introducing standardised screening measures in general practice, increasing GPs' awareness of the possible presence of psychological problems in children consulting for physical problems, and strengthening collaboration between GPs and mental health professionals may increase GP identification of child psychological problems and enhance access to care for those in need.     

Social and demographic predictors of parental consultation for child psychological difficulties

BACKGROUND: Results from previous studies examining determinants of parental consultation for child mental health provide inconsistent evidence concerning socio-demographic predictors. The aim of this study is to identify the sociodemographic predictors of parental consultation for child psychological difficulties. METHOD: An epidemiological cross-sectional analysis was carried out using a sample of 5,913 children aged between 4 and 15 years from the Health Survey for England. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was the measure of child psychological morbidity. RESULTS: Parents of children with psychological difficulties were less likely to seek a consultation if their child was a girl, as household income decreased or if the head of household came from manual social class. In contrast, parents were more likely to seek a consultation if they were in receipt of a benefit than if they were not in receipt of a benefit. Age of child and family type did not predict parental consultation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this analysis confirm that a substantial proportion of children with mental health difficulties in the general population (42 per cent) have not been seen by a professional, and these are likely to be girls and children in low-income families, indicating a significant unmet need for services across the nation. These results suggest that parents and health professionals should be made more aware of the symptoms of psychological problems in girls and that services need to be planned in a way that improves uptake by low-income parents.     

Perceptions of psychological content in the GP consultation--the role of practice,personal and prescribing attributes

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between the characteristics of general practices and the perceptions of the psychological content of consultations by GPs in those practices. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of all GPs (22 GPs based in nine practices) serving a discrete inner city community of 41 000 residents. GPs were asked to complete a log-diary over a period of five working days, rating their perception of the psychological content of each consultation on a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 (no psychological content) to 3 (entirely psychological in content). The influence of GP and practice characteristics on psychological content scores was examined. RESULTS: Data were available for every surgery-based consultation (n = 2206) conducted by all 22 participating GPs over the study period. The mean psychological content score was 0.58 (SD 0.33). Sixty-four percent of consultations were recorded as being without any psychological content; 6% were entirely psychological in content. Higher psychological content scores were significantly associated with younger GPs, training practices (n = 3), group practices (n = 4), the presence of on-site mental health workers (n = 5), higher antidepressant prescribing volumes and the achievement of vaccine and smear targets. Training status had the greatest predictive power, explaining 51% of the variation in psychological content. Neither practice consultation rates, GP list size, annual psychiatric referral rates nor volumes of benzodiazepine prescribing were related to psychological content scores. CONCLUSION: Increased awareness by GPs of the psychological dimension within a consultation may be a feature of the educational environment of training practices.     

Patient factors related to the presentation of fatigue complaints: results from a women's general health care practice

The aim of this study was to examine which patient-related factors predicted: (1) fatigue, (2) the intention to discuss fatigue and (3) the actual discussion of fatigue during consultation with a GP in a women's general health care practice. Patients were asked to complete two questionnaires: one before and one after consultation. The patient-related factors included: social-demographic characteristics; fatigue characteristics; absence of cognitive representations of fatigue; nature of the requests for consultation; and other complaints. Some 74% of the 155 respondents reported fatigue. Compared to the patients that were not fatigued, the fatigued patients were more frequently employed outside the home, had higher levels of general fatigue, and a higher need for emotional support from their doctor. A minority (12%) intended to discuss fatigue during consultation. Of the respondents returning the second questionnaire (n = 107), 22% reported actually discussing their fatigue with the GP while only 11% had intended to do so. In addition to the intention to discuss fatigue during consultation, the following variables related to actually discussing fatigue: living alone, caring for young children, higher levels of general fatigue, absence of cognitions with regard to the duration of the fatigue, and greater psychological, neurological, digestive, and/or musculoskeletal problems as the reason for consultation. Fatigue was found to be the single reason for consultation in only one case. It is concluded that fatigue does not constitute a serious problem for most patients and that discussion of fatigue with the GP tends to depend on the occurrence of other psychological or physical problems and the patient's social context.     

高校大学生朋辈心理辅导员培训体系的实效研究

目的探讨高校大学生朋辈辅导培训的实效性,为大学生心理咨询与辅导提供实证依据。方法应用朋辈辅导胜任力问卷、一般自我效能量表（GSES）和SCL-90等问卷,从朋辈辅导胜任力、自我效能感和健康水平方面评估培训效果。结果39名朋辈辅导员经过培训,朋辈胜任力问卷得分显著高于培训前得分（P〈0.001）,GSES的得分和SCL-90总分显著低于培训前的得分（P〈0.01）,人际关系敏感、恐怖、偏执、抑郁、强迫和精神病性SCL-90因子得分也有显著降低（P〈0.05）。结论经过系统的培训,朋辈辅导员胜任力、自我效能感和健康水平均有显著性提高,证明朋辈辅导培训内容和方法是有效的,具有推广价值。     

人际关系训练对大学生心理健康水平的影响

目的：探讨人际关系的集体心理咨询对大学生心理健康的影响。方法：采用“交朋友小组”的方法对６３名大学生进行人际关系方面的训练。结果：训练后人际关系积极评价显著提高,ＳＣＬ－９０各因子分显著下降。结论：人际关系训练对大学生的心理健康具有促进作用。     

A comparison of GPs and nurses in their approach to psychological disturbance in primary care consultations

It has frequently been reported that GPs fail to diagnose many of the psychological problems that present to them. It also appears that practice nurses working in primary care also show similar diagnostic 'failings'. This study extends these observations by reporting the psychiatric diagnostic practices of GPs and nurses working in the same settings of six general practices. After each consultation the health professional involved assessed the degree of psychological morbidity and the amount of time they had spent attending to this problem. The health professionals' assessment was compared with the score from a General Health Questionnaire completed by the patient. Analysis of 1646 consultations revealed that GPs saw patients with more psychological problems than nurses. Nurses, however, spent significantly more time dealing with their psychological workload than their GP colleagues, after allowing for the fact that they saw fewer patients in this category. This observation raises the question of whether this use of scarce time resource in the consultation is appropriate.     

Patient Factors Related to the Presentation of Fatigue Complaints: Results from a Women's General Health Care Practice

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to examine which patient-related factors predicted: (1) fatigue, (2) the intention to discuss fatigue and (3) the actual discussion of fatigue during consultation with a GP in a women's general health care practice. Patients were asked to complete two questionnaires: one before and one after consultation. The patient-related factors included: social-demographic characteristics; fatigue characteristics; absence of cognitive representations of fatigue; nature of the requests for consultation; and other complaints. Some 74% of the 155 respondents reported fatigue. Compared to the patients that were not fatigued, the fatigued patients were more frequently employed outside the home, had higher levels of general fatigue, and a higher need for emotional support from their doctor. A minority (12%) intended to discuss fatigue during consultation. Of the respondents returning the second questionnaire (n = 107), 22% reported actually discussing their fatigue with the GP while only 11% had intended to do so. In addition to the intention to discuss fatigue during consultation, the following variables related to actually discussing fatigue: living alone, caring for young children, higher levels of general fatigue, absence of cognitions with regard to the duration of the fatigue, and greater psychological, neurological, digestive, and/or musculoskeletal problems as the reason for consultation. Fatigue was found to be the single reason for consultation in only one case. It is concluded that fatigue does not constitute a serious problem for most patients and that discussion of fatigue with the GP tends to depend on the occurrence of other psychological or physical problems and the patient's social context.