液化石油气管道优化设计

液化石油气管道建设周期长,投资大,且影响总费用的因素众多,而管道的优化设计直接决定着管线的经济性和可行性,因此,建立液化石油气管道数学模型,对液化石油气管道设计进行优化具有重要的研究意义。在综合考虑了影响液化石油气(LPG)管道总费用的各项因素,并以此基础,建立液化石油气管道的总费用为最小目标函数,以管道的管道强度、水力、稳定性为约束条件建立数学模型。并用VC++进行数值求解。通过算例计算得出,当管径为·114×3.2时,可使总费用达到最小值。该数学模型能够全面反映出各因素对总费用的影响,对相关的液化石油气管道优化设计具有一定的参考价值。     

液化石油气进口价格上扬 对福建影响加深

受国际原油和液化石油气价格进口价格影响，今年以来，国内液化石油气持续上涨，3、4月间，国内液化石油气每吨售价还在3100元左右，但到了‘十一’前夕，每吨液化石油气价格已经涨至4100-4200元。随着秋冬液化石油气市场需求的大量回升，国内液化石油气价格更是大幅上涨，近期福建省的液化石油气气源价就在短短的10多天内每吨上涨了500元。     

紫外荧光法测试液化石油气中总硫含量分析技术的研究

本文阐述了紫外荧光法测试总硫含量方法原理,通过实验考察了方法的精密度、线性关系,并与电量法做了比较,该法具有分析效率高、抗干扰能力强等优点。另外,本文选用不同形态标物建立标准曲线分别测定气态和液态液化石油气产品中总硫含量,可同时满足国家标准液化石油气和车用液化石油气中总硫含量的分析。     

关于加强液化石油气站安全监察与管理的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市技术监督局: 近年来,我国石油化212212业迅速发展,工业和民用液化石油气得到广泛应用,据不完全统计,目前我国现有储备量200吨以上的工业和民用液化石油气站684个;200m~3以上的液化石油气球罐1488台,200m~3以下的液化石油气储罐数量更多。液化石油气的广泛应用对提高人民生活水平和改善生活环境起到重要作用。但是,目前我国的液化石油气站,普遍存在着安全管理制度执行不     

液化石油气中二甲醚掺入量的检测

随着液化石油气价格不断上涨,部分液化石油气充装单位在其中非法掺入二甲醚,此类行为可能对人们和广大消费者的生活和生产实践带来直接或间接危害,由此各监管部门严禁在液化石油气中掺入二甲醚。本文通过总结前人的工作,对液化石油气中二甲醚的检测方法进行总结,从而为液化石油气中二甲醚的分析检测标准的完善和确定奠定基础。     

液化石油气国内外标准的探讨

液化石油气是一种以丙、烷丙烯、丁烷、丁烯为主要成分的液态石油产品,根据液化石油气的来源和用途不同,国内外液化石油气标准中对各种指标的控制也各不相同。着重对国内外液化石油气标准进行对比分析,指出国内外标准的主要技术差异,并对我国新液化石油气标准中的相应指标进行解读说明。     

液化石油气储罐爆炸对周边环境的影响分析

随着城市的发展扩大,一些本来位于城市边缘的液化石油气气站逐渐转移到了城市中心,一旦液化石油气气站的储罐发生爆炸,将给人们带来严重的生命财产和环境损失,所以对液化石油气气站的储罐爆炸进行分析有助于液化石油气气站的正常运行和管理。     

液化石油气资源及其综合利用

介绍了液化石油气的来源、组成特点;论述了液化石油气的产量及消耗量;详细的讨论了液化石油气中C4烃类的综合利用;展望了液化石油气进行烷基化生产烷基化汽油的生产需求和广阔的市场前景。     

浅淡瓶装液化石油气在使用中存在问题与对策

从消防技术规范中关于瓶装液化石油气条文出发,探讨了家庭使用瓶装液化石油气和液化石油气服务点在经营、储存过程中存在的问题和应对措施。     

液化石油气储罐安全防护方式

液化石油气是工业生产和生活的重要能源,本文通过对液化石油气储罐事故的危害和储罐本身的安全隐患的介绍,并对现有的液化石油气储罐的安全防护的方式做了简单的比较,最后提出了在不同的环境下对液化石油气储罐的选择的一些原则。     

浅析二甲醚代替LPG用于工业生产的可行性

二甲醚（DME）与石油化工中的燃料产品LPG的物理化学性质和燃烧机理相似,随着液化石油气资源的紧缺及价格上涨等经济问题的加重和清洁环保理念的深入,DME作为一种新兴的清洁燃料将会逐步代替LPG,占领燃料市场的一席之地。本文阐述了DME的应用和物理化学性质,着重介绍了DME的燃烧机理和热力学性质的计算,并提出了DME代替...     

二甲醚替代液化石油气（LPG）作火炬燃料气试验

为了降低火炬燃料气费用和企业的安全生产,以二甲醚替代LPG作火炬燃料气试验,采用自动点火、将二甲醚的压力稳定在0．08MPa,助燃风的压力控制在0．1MPa,结果表明：火炬系统完全可以用二甲醚替代液化石油气（LPG）作火炬燃料气。     

液化石油气、二甲醚检测方法述评

现行有效测定液化石油气、二甲醚组分的标准方法有GB/T 10410-2008《人工煤气和液化石油气常量组分气相色谱分析方法》、SH/T 0230-1992液化石油气组成测定法（色谱法）、SH/T 1483-2004《工业异丁烯中含氧化合物的测定气相色谱法》,液化石油气、二甲醚产品标准（国家标准或企业标准）中也规定了所采用的液化石油气、二甲醚检测方法。这些检测方法都是推荐性的,均为色谱法,文献也报道了许多改进方法。根据社会经济发展需要和二甲醚产业发展情况,有必要研究出台可用于仲裁的液化石油气、二甲醚检测标准。     

合成气经甲醇/二甲醚制汽油

在两个串联的固定床反应器内等压条件下研究了不同中间物对合成气经二甲醚/甲醇制汽油的影响。结果表明:与合成气经甲醇制汽油相比,合成气经二甲醚制汽油产物中LPG和干气(dry gas)含量高,油收率高,同时油相中芳烃含量低。     

Performance and emission characteristics of an SI engine operated with DME blended LPG fuel

In this study, a spark ignition engine operated with DME blended LPG fuel was experimentally investigated. In particular, performance, emissions characteristics (including hydrocarbon, CO, and NO_x emissions), and combustion stability of an SI engine fuelled with DME blended LPG fuel were examined at 1800 and 3600 rpm.Results showed that stable engine operation was possible for a wide range of engine loads up to 20% by mass DME fuel. Further, we demonstrated that, up to 10% DME, output engine power was comparable to that of pure LPG fuel. Exhaust emissions measurements showed that hydrocarbon and NO_x emissions were slightly increased when using the blended fuel at low engine speeds. However, engine power output was decreased and break specific fuel consumption (BSFC) severely deteriorated with the blended fuel since the energy content of DME is much lower than that of LPG. Furthermore, due to the high cetane number of DME fuel, knocking was significantly increased with DME.Considering the results of the engine power output and exhaust emissions, blended fuel up to 10% DME by mass can be used as an alternative to LPG, and DME blended LPG fuel is expected to have potential for enlarging the DME market.     

Semi-indirect synthesis of LPG from syngas: Conversion of DME into LPG

Efficient conversion of dimethyl ether (DME) into liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) with a hybrid catalyst is a novel method for semi-indirect synthesis of LPG fuel from syngas. The hybrid catalysts consisting of zeolite and hydrogenation catalyst were investigated in a fixed bed reactor. Experimental results demonstrated that the hybrid catalyst consisting of (Pd/SiO₂) and USY efficiently converted DME into LPG and restrained decomposition of DME into CO and H₂. With that catalyst, the one through conversion of DME reached about 100%, almost no CO and CO₂ were produced and selectivity for LPG was more than 65%.     

DME/LPG混合体系的氧化反应与热稳定性

采用加速量热仪(ARC)分别测定了液化石油气(LPG)及其DME/LPG的氧化反应初始温度(To)和活化能(Ea),考察了添加剂对氧化反应的稳定性效应,用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析热分解产物。结果表明,LPG和DME/LPG的To分别为180℃和150℃,反应活化能Ea分别为203.2kJ·mol-1和188.6kJ·mol-1。氧的存在是导致LPG及其DME/LPG热稳定性下降重要因素,特别是有过氧化物存在下,由于自由基的引发,显著降低LPG、DME/LPG氧化反应的初始温度和反应活化能,在氧化反应体系中添加Fe、Al时,To和Ea值减小,稳定性降低,抗氧剂能提高它们的热稳定性。DME/LPG氧化产物主要有HCHO,CH3OH,HCOOCH3,HCOOH,CH3OCH2CH2OCH,H3CH(OH)CH3,CH3C(O)CH3,CH3CH2CH2OH,(CH3)2CHCH2OCH3,CH3CH2CH2CH2OCH3等20种化合物。     

Safety distance analysis of dimethylether filling stations using a modified individual risk assessment method

The physical properties of dimethylether (DME) are similar to conventional fuels such as LPG and diesel, so DME has been recently considered one of the most promising candidates for a substitute for them. Equipment failures in gas stations lead to accidents that pose significant threats to people and property. Therefore, prior to commercialization, safety standards for DME need to be developed based on risk analysis. In this study, we focused on safety distance in DME filling stations. A hypothetical DME filling station was modeled based on a DME-LPG mixed filling station designed by KOGAS, and safety distances were suggested from a semi-quantitative risk estimation approach using individual risk calculations. Modified individual risk calculations were performed with consequence analysis and failure mode under varying accident scenarios. Compared with existing individual risk analysis, the modified-individual risk approach is supplemented with a weighting factor to graduate each accident scenario by historical analysis. Subsequently, the outcome shows the individual risk that suggests a safety distance. To compare with conventional fuel, we also performed a comparative study on the filling station fuels LPG and DME. According to the quantitative risk estimation results, we propose a separation distance based on accident scenarios for each facility. In conclusion, safe distances for DME facilities are lower than those that dispense LPG. Therefore, a DME filling unit can be placed at conventional gas stations without increasing the safety distance. The results will also be useful in determining the standard for safety management of renewable and sustainable energy.     

不同比例二甲醚对常用材料的腐蚀性试验研究

选择燃气储存、输配、应用过程中常用的11种金属和非金属材料,试验研究了其在含2%DME气体的LPG混合燃气、DME气体和LPG各50%浓度的混合燃气、纯DME气体等3种气氛下的腐蚀情况,探讨了利用现有设备装置储存、输配和应用二甲醚燃气的可行性以及耐DME负溶胀作用的橡胶密封材料的机理。     

Fundamental investigations on di-methyl ether (DME) as LPG substitute or make-up for domestic uses

The paper reports a series of experimental and model studies performed to assess the potential application of di-methyl ether (DME) as a substitute fuel in domestic appliances, commonly fed with LPG. Results are presented about combustion tests performed with pure DME and mixtures with propane and butane in variable concentrations, along with endurance and stability experiments, carried out to evaluate safety and compatibility of this fuel. The major conclusion is that a mixture of DME/LPG (DME: 15–20 vol.%) brings significant further improvement compared to pure DME.