ICP-AES法测定铝及铝合金中24种元素

本文研究了利用IRIS型电感耦合等离子体光谱分析仪分析铝及铝合金中24种元素的方法，阐述了样品及试剂的制备方法以及分析线的选择，对干扰试验、检出限试验、回收率试验及精密度试验结果进行了分析讨论。大量试验结果表明，本方法快捷、简便、准确度高，可以在铝加工行业推广应用。     

ICP—AES测定锌合金中杂质元素含量的研究

研究了用ICP-AES法测定锌合金中杂质元素铝、镉、铁、镁、铅、铜的方法，建立了最佳工作条件，测定了方法的检出限、测定下限。进行了干扰试验、回收率试验、基体效应等试验，本方法简便、快速、准确，结果令人满意。     

ICP-AES法测定钒铁中杂质元素的研究

研究了用ICP-AES法测定钒铁中杂质元素硅、磷、锰的方法，建立了最佳工作条件。测定了元素的检出限，测定下限，进行了干扰试验、精密度试验、回收率试验，试验结果表明，本方法简便、快速、准确,分析结果令人满意。     

液压元件可靠性评估程序和方法——整机试验评估法

文章阐述了液压元件可靠性评估的一种方法—整机试验评估法，介绍了该法的试验应力确定方法、可靠性试验程序和试验数据的统计分析方法，并指出了如何进行失效机理分析和提供改善可靠性的途径和方法．     

外购冶金焦炭取样方法的试验与改进

由于外购焦炭取样方法的误差，造成焦炭焦末含量和水分的测定结果偏高，质量异议较多。通过进行筛分试验和方法试验，对原九点法取样方法进行了改进，制定了科学、合理的十点法取样方法。     

微波加热密闭罐消解ICP—AES法测定钢铁中痕量V、Ti、Sc

介绍了ICP－AES法测定钢铁中痕量V、Ti、Sc的方法，试验了试剂空白的影响，铁基对V、Ti、Sc的基体干扰和光谱干扰状况，选取了分析谱线。试验了微波加热条件。通过标准样品的测定、精密度试验考查，证明方法是准确可靠的。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法在铜加工产品检测中的应用

进行了仪器分析条件试验，选择了仪器使用参数；进行了微量元素的分离、富集试验，保证检测准确度；进行了铜、锌、镍基体和其他共存离子的干扰试验，制定了消除干扰措施；进行了溶液酸度、试剂用量试验，合理选择加入量。适于不同浓度的4条工作曲线的线性度好。大量试验数据的统计分析表明该方法的精密度良好、准确度高。     

ICP—AES法测定优质锌中杂质元素

研究了在电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪中测定优质锌中杂质元素的方法。通过试验建立了最佳工作条件，对酸度、基体干扰、共存元素干扰进行了优化试验。检测限、精密度与准确性试验表明该方法准确快速，适合日常分析。     

浅析钢结构栓接板面抗滑移系数试验方法

十多年来，国内相继制订并颁布了3个抗滑移系数试验方法标准。为了全面认识3个标准的异同、深入理解标准的内涵和正确掌握执行标准，笔者结合多年的实验工作实践，对抗滑移系数试验方法作了简要综述和探讨，供试验工作者参考。     

一次成型的多层卷焊管的试验研究

介绍了４层卷焊管的卷曲方法以及孔型设计的方法，通过对１０机架成型机组卷曲４层卷焊管的试验分析了影响多层卷焊管成型的因素，提出了成型力能参数的测试方案和观察试验方案，对试验结果进行了分析。并根据试验结果，对４层卷焊管的孔型设计提出了若干改进方法。     

Analysis of Gravity Dam on a Complicated Rock Foundation Using an Adaptive Block Element Method

In this Technical Note, the adaptive block element method of rock masses is formulated, in which the elastoplastic characteristics of both rock blocks and discontinuities are taken into account. The concept of an overlay element is illustrated first; then the displacement fields of rock blocks are expressed as functions of so-called general degree of freedoms using the shape functions of the hierarchical finite element method; the governing equations of the rock block system are deduced on the basis of the virtual work principle; and the p-version adaptive algorithm based on the energy norm error estimation of each block element is proposed. The method is applied to the deformation and stability study of a gravity dam, and the parallel laboratory physical test is used to check the validity and ability of the method.     

Splitting Rolling Simulated by Reproducing Kernel Particle Method

 During splitting rolling simulation, re meshing is necessary to prevent the effect of severe mesh distortion when the conventional finite element method is used. However, extreme deformation cannot be solved by the finite element method in splitting rolling. The reproducing kernel particle method can solve this problem because the continuum body is discretized by a set of nodes, and a finite element mesh is unnecessary, and there is no explicit limitation of mesh when the metal is split. To ensure stability in the large deformation elastoplastic analysis, the Lagrange material shape function was introduced. The transformation method was utilized to impose the essential boundary conditions. The splitting rolling method was simulated and the simulation results were in accordance with the experimental ones in the literature.     

齿轮系统的温度场预测方法

通过封闭功率流齿轮试验台测量了齿轮系统温度,首次将有限元法和热弹流法综合起来求解齿轮系统的温度场,在有限元分析理论中引入了黏度-压力-温度和密度-压力-温度方程,精确地确定了对流换热系数.以有限元法得到的本体温度作为热弹流计算的初始温度,得到了啮合线上各点的最高温度和闪温,并且分析了最高温度和闪温沿啮合线的分布规律.结果表明:有限元仿真的本体温度和试验结果吻合良好,热弹流方法计算出来的闪温分布与ISO闪温较为接近,齿轮最高温度区域随着变位系数的增大向齿顶移动.      

Nine-Node Resultant-Stress Shell Element for Free Vibration and Large Deflection of Composite Laminates

The newly constructed formulation of an element-based resultant-stress nine-node composite shell element is presented for the solution of free vibration and large deflection problems of isotropic and composite laminates. In this paper, the effectiveness of this new formulation is investigated in the static and free vibration analysis. The strain–displacement relationship of the shell could be explained from the point of the new element-based Lagrangian finite element formulation. The newly added terms between bending strain and displacement reflect the contributions of displacements to the curvature. Natural coordinate-based strains, stresses, and constitutive equations are used throughout the element-based Lagrangian formulation of the present shell element which offers significant implementation advantages compared with the traditional Lagrangian formulation. Using the assumed natural strain method the present shell element generates neither membrane nor shear locking behavior, and such an element performs very well as much as shells become thin. The arc-length control method is used to trace complex load–displacement paths and the Lanczos method is employed in the calculation of the eigenvalues of shells. A number of numerical analyses are presented and discussed in order to explore the capabilities of the present shell element. The test results showed very good agreement.     

Improved Method for Determining Interfacial Stresses in Composites

The conventional finite element method shows its weakness in determining the stress distributions along fiber matrix interfaces. This is because the chosen element displacement functions do not explicitly and/or implicitly satisfy the equilibrium and compatibility conditions that prevail at the interfaces. A procedure has been proposed to modify the conventional finite element method so as to allow the elastic stresses along the fiber matrix interfaces of two‐ and three‐dimensional fiber‐reinforced composites to be determined with improved accuracy. The results obtained by this modified method for a two‐dimensional problem are compared with both a photoelastic and a traditional finite elelment solution. The comparison shows that the modified solution is in better agreement with the photoelastic test data than the traditional solution. The results obtained by the modified method for a three‐dimensional problem are compared with a traditional finite element solution and the modified method is found to be superior.     

弹性力学问题Marc求解与边界元求解比较

用基于有限元方法的Marc软件和边界元法源程序求解弹性力学问题,推导出弹性力学问题的有限元和边界元公式,并采用二次元编写边界元法源程序。对受内压的中空活塞气缸的变形进行分析,通过比较两种方法分析的结果以及与解析解的相对误差,进而得出一些关于有限元和边界元新的结论。     

Numerical models for casting solidification: Part II. Application of the boundary element method to solidification problems

A new numerical model, which is based on the boundary element method, was proposed for the simulation of solidification problems, and its application was demonstrated for solidification of metals in metal and sand molds. Comparisons were made between results from this model and those from the explicit finite difference method. Temperature recovery method was successfully adopted to estimate the liberation of latent heat of freezing in the boundary element method. A coupling method was proposed for problems in which the boundary condition of the interface consisting of inhomogeneous bodies is governed by Newton’s law of cooling in the boundary element method. It was concluded that the boundary element method which has several advantages, such as the wide variety of element shapes, simplicity of data preparation, and small CPU times, will find wide application as an alternative for finite difference or finite element methods, in the fields of solidification problems, especially for complex, three-dimensional geometries. On leave from Kyung-Pook National University, Taegu, Korea     

板材轧制中的拉拔效应及热塑有限元计算

采用热塑性有限元进行计算,热塑性有限元是一种三维的弹塑性有限元,它用板材轧制时存在的“拉拔效应”对变形区进行修正,求出正确的变形区。并计算出轧辊的弹性压扁、精确计算轧制力、轧制力矩、板凸度、板形和辊凸度,获得提高板形质量、减少板厚差、增加轧辊调整余地和使辊子耐磨的效果。     

Rapid Finite Element Analysis of Bulk Metal Forming Process Based on Deformation Theory

 The one-step finite element method (FEM), based on plastic deformation theory, has been widely used to simulate sheet metal forming processes, but its application in bulk metal forming simulation has been seldom investigated, because of the complexity involved. In this paper, a bulk metal forming process is analyzed by using a rapid finite element simulation method based on deformation theory. The material is assumed to be rigid-plastic, strain hardening. The constitutive relationship between stress and total strain is adopted, whereas the incompressible condition is enforced by penalty function. The geometrical non-linearity in large plastic deformation is taken into consideration. Furthermore, the force boundary condition is treated by a simplified equivalent approach, considering the contact history. Based on constraint variational principle, the deformation finite element method is proposed. The one-step forward simulation of axisymmetric upsetting process is performed by this method. The results are compared with those obtained by the traditional incremental FEM to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.     

生铁中钛元素的快速光度分析

采用变色酸光度法对生铁中钛元素进行分析,改进原繁琐操作。试验证明,该方法操作简便,结果符合国标允许差要求,且缩短了钛元素的分析时间,适用于炉前快速分析。