基于机器视觉的光伏电池片位置误差检测系统

机器视觉是保证光伏电池片串焊质量的关键技术之一.目前基于电池片轮廓定位的位置误差检测方法定位精度差,无法满足高速、高精度串焊的要求.搭建一个光伏电池片位置误差检测平台,构建基于机器视觉的光伏电池片位置误差检测系统.针对光伏电池片的表面特征,提出一种基于电池片边缘和主栅线平均定位的位置误差检测方法.采用改进的最小二乘法,对光伏电池片边缘及主栅线点同时进行直线拟合,保证栅线与轮廓之间的矩形特性,精确地计算出电池片的位置误差,满足串焊机对电池片定位检测高精度和高速度的要求.     

硅电池片自动串焊表面缺陷在线视觉检测研究

针对太阳能硅电池片集成串焊在线表面缺陷检测存在的问题,提出了基于机器视觉的硅电池片串焊质量在线检测方法,包括特征识别与视觉测量两部分。在特征识别阶段,提出了一种改进的区域生长算法,对断栅特征实现高速稳定地检测,对于焊后赃污划痕缺陷,先将感兴趣区域自适应阈值化,再通过不变矩等特征筛选异类缺陷;在视觉测量方面,利用目标图像对称性,通过若干采样矩形对焊带偏移及片间距进行基于像素点的测量。该方法实现了在每个传送节拍获取片间图像,通过边缘定位并将原始图像分割为多个感兴趣区域并完成高速在线检测的目标。研究结果表明:提出的硅电池片焊后视觉检测方法能够在自动串焊生产线的快节拍下精确测量与识别缺陷,并具有较好的鲁棒性。     

太阳能硅片焊接质量参数在线视觉测量

针对硅电池片高速串焊系统,根据焊接质量参数在线检测的技术指标对视觉测量系统的核心部件进行了选型计算;对视觉测量系统的内部参数进行了标定,完成了畸变校正与像素当量计算;设计了焊后硅片视觉检测流程,研究了图像预处理、图像掩膜ROI提取、改进双阈值Otsu图像分割技术;建立了硅电池片焊带偏移参数测量模型,提出了一种硅电池片焊接质量参数在线视觉测量方法。最后将该在线视觉测量方法应用于某硅电池片高速串焊生产线,其综合检测率和单帧检测时间满足焊接质量在线检测的精度和实时性要求,为提高太阳能电池组件的焊接质量和生产效率打下了良好的技术基础。     

串焊机中拉带机构的改进

全自动串焊机是太阳能电池片组件生产过程中的重要设备,主要完成太阳能电池片的正反面串焊。因此,通过实验对比分析,对串焊机拉带机构进行了改进,解决了因为拉带机构的影响,而造成的焊接后电池串不合格品的问题,提高了串焊机的生产效率和稳定性。     

基于机器视觉的太阳能电池片缺陷检测算法综述

太阳能电池片（Photovoltaic, PV）表面缺陷检测是光伏组件生产中不可或缺的流程。基于机器视觉的自动缺陷检测方法因其高精度、实时性、低成本等优点得到了广泛应用。本文综述了基于机器视觉的太阳能电池片表面缺陷检测方法的研究进展。首先,阐述了太阳能电池片表面成像方式,列举了典型缺陷类型。然后重点分析了基于传统机器视觉算法及基于深度学习算法进行太阳能电池片表面缺陷检测的原理。将传统机器视觉算法分为图像域分析法、变换域分析法进行综述;从无监督学习、有监督学习和弱监督及半监督学习三个方面分别概述了近几年来基于深度学习的太阳能电池片表面缺陷检测的研究现状。对太阳能电池片表面缺陷检测各种典型方法进一步细分归类和对比分析,总结了每种方法的优缺点。随后,介绍了9种太阳能电池片表面缺陷图像数据集及缺陷检测性能评价指标。最后,系统总结了太阳能电池片缺陷检测常见的关键问题及其解决方法,对太阳能电池片表面缺陷检测的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于视觉显著性的太阳能电池片表面缺陷检测

现有基于机器视觉的太阳能电池片表面缺陷检测算法均是采用各种类型的数学模型来进行算法设计,为进一步提高检测准确率,从人眼仿生学角度出发,首次将人眼的视觉注意机制引入到太阳能电池片表面缺陷检测中,提出了一种基于视觉显著性的太阳能电池片表面缺陷检测算法。首先,对输入的太阳能电池片表面图像进行预处理,去除对检测有影响的噪声和栅线;其次,提出一种基于自学习特征的视觉显著性检测算法来大致定位缺陷区域;随后,提出一种视觉显著性和超像素分割相结合的算法来进一步精确定位缺陷区域;最后,通过形态学后处理得到最终检测结果。在包含多种缺陷类型的测试图像库上的主观和客观实验评估表明,该算法具有较高的检测准确率。     

基于机器视觉的太阳能电池片位置误差检测

为了提高太阳能焊接机的焊接精度和焊接速度,提出了基于机器视觉在线检测太阳能电池片位置误差的方法。采用最小误差法对图像进行阈值分割,通过轮廓提取出电池片的轮廓;采用Hough变换直线检查的方法得到了电池片边缘及三线所在直线;计算出电池片的位置误差。实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于CMOS图像传感器的太阳能电池缺陷检测系统设计

针对太阳能电池生产过程中存在的检测速度慢、自动化水平低等问题,提出一种基于机器视觉的电池片表面缺陷检测系统的设计方案,实现了太阳能电池的自动检测。首先设计了一套视觉硬件系统,用于通过CMOS图像传感器采集电池片图像;图像处理算法中,改进了一种基于形态学凸性分析与相对灰度差动态阈值分割的缺陷特征提取法,并通过检测软件的开发来实现。实验表明,同传统的人工检测相比,系统的检测具有较高的准确度与稳定性,具备较高的实用价值。     

基于机器视觉的汽车刹车片自动检测系统

为了提高汽车刹车片的检测效率和准确性,设计了基于机器视觉的汽车刹车片自动化检测系统。针对自动化检测需求搭建了基于可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)的自动化测试平台,开发了相应的视觉系统。结合VisionPro和C#语言开发了检测软件,完成了图像获取、图像校准、图像定位、尺寸测量、缺陷标示、字符识别等任务。实验结果表明,系统可快速、准确地识别出工件的尺寸、表面缺陷和字符。     

全自动串焊机设备温度控制系统设计

分析了温度控制系统的原理及构成,从焊台温度控制和焊头温度控制两方面介绍了温度控制系统的构成和设计。分析认为:串焊机设备温度控制系统采用温区分段加热控制方式,避免了由于温度分布不均匀造成的电池片变形;采用红外加热焊接方式,降低了电池片的虚焊以及隐裂问题。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.