熔池高度对双辊薄带凝固组织影响的模拟预测

在已建立的理论数学模型的基础上，以1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢为研究对象，模拟预测了薄带厚度保持不变条件下熔池高度对薄带凝固组织的影响。研究结果表明：随着熔池高度增加，1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢双辊薄带凝固组织中柱状晶区比例首先增大，然后又逐渐减小。而柱状枝晶取向度和枝晶间距则随着熔池高度的增加而增大，但在较低的熔池高度条件下，柱状枝晶间距在凝固结束时有突然增大的趋势。     

熔体过热处理对Al-4.7%Cu合金定向凝固组织的影响

分别在750、850、950和1050℃下，研究熔体过热处理对Al-4．7％Cu（质量分数）合金定向凝固组织的影响，利用综合热分析仪测定Al-4．7％Cu合金熔体结构特征及变化过程。结果表明：经过950℃和1050℃过热处理的一次枝晶间距比在750℃常规过热直接定向凝固的分别减小了31．2％和36．2％；随着熔体过热时间的延长，一次枝晶间距减小，组织越来越细密；但随着低温保持时间的延长，一次枝晶间距增大，组织越来越粗大，表明熔体高温处理对定向凝固组织形态的影响逐渐衰退；熔体过热处理对Al-4．7％Cu合金定向凝固组织有显著影响的原因在于熔体过热处理改变了熔体结构状态。     

浇注温度对双辊薄带凝固组织影响的模拟预测

在已建立的理论数学模型的基础上，以1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢为研究对象，模拟预测了在薄带厚度保持不变条件下浇注温度对薄带凝固组织中柱状晶区比例、柱状枝晶间距和取向度的影响规律。结果表明：随着浇注温度升高，1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢双辊薄带凝固组织中柱状晶区比例首先增大，然后又逐渐减小。而柱状枝晶取向度和枝晶间距则随着浇注温度的升高而减小，但在较高的浇注温度条件下，柱状枝晶问距在凝固结束时有突然增大的趋势。     

铸造速度对双辊薄带凝固组织影响的模拟预测

利用已建立的理论数学模型,以1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢为研究对象,模拟预测了在薄带厚度保持不变条件下铸造速度对薄带凝固组织中柱状晶区比例、柱状枝晶间距和取向度的影响规律.结果表明:随着铸造速度增大,1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢双辊薄带凝固组织中柱状晶区比例首先增大,然后又逐渐减小.而柱状枝晶取向度和枝晶间距则随着铸造速度的增大而减小,但在较快的铸造速度条件下,柱状枝晶间距在凝固结束时有突然增大的趋势.     

Cu含量对Al-Cu合金定向凝固组织及一次枝晶间距影响

选用Al-Cu合金进行定向凝固试验,对不同铜含量的Al-Cu合金一次枝晶微观组织形貌进行分析,并测定了一次枝晶间距.实验结果表明:在铜含量较低时,适当增加铜含量能促进枝晶生长的规整性;当含铜量为1.77％时,定向凝固组织并不明显.随着含铜量的增加,可观察到较为细小的一次枝晶组织,一次枝干呈平行生长趋势,且枝干间距较均匀,二次枝晶呈点状分布在一次枝干上.当试样铜含量从1.77％增加到3.00％时,一次枝晶间距逐步增大,但枝晶间距增加幅度较小;当铜含量较小时,试样铜含量对枝晶间距的影响不明显.     

不同参数脉冲电流对不锈钢Cr18Ni9Ti凝固组织的影响

采用储能电容为1200μF的脉冲电源，在不同的脉冲电压下，对奥氏体不锈钢1Crl8Ni9Ti进行脉冲电流处理。实验结果表明：脉冲电流能够细化奥氏体不锈钢的凝固组织，使奥氏体一次枝晶长度缩短，二次枝晶间距减小。在一定范围内，脉冲电压升高和脉冲重复率增大都有利于奥氏体不锈钢凝固组织的细化和改善。     

熔体过热处理对AZ31镁合金凝固组织的影响

研究750、800、850、900和950℃不同熔体过热处理温度对AZ31镁合金凝固组织的影响规律.利用光学显微组织定量分析经不同温度过热处理所得AZ31镁合金的二次枝晶间距等组织特征差异;开发一种采用能谱分析结果计算Mg、Al和Zn等主要元素在一个枝晶单元内各个特征区域质量分数的方法,用以测评不同过热温度下凝固组织的成分均匀性.结果表明:当过热温度从750℃增加到900℃时,成分偏析减少,铸态组织中二次枝晶间距从13μm减小到9μm,多点随机显微硬度的平均值从36.5 HV增大到42.6 HV;AZ31镁合金较理想的熔体过热处理温度为900℃.     

过共晶球铁凝固过程中奥氏体的生长方式与形貌特征

采用着色腐蚀技术显示出过共晶球铁中的高温凝固组织，观察分析过共晶球铁凝固过程中奥氏体的生长方式与形持征。结果表明：在非平衡凝固条件下，过共晶球铁凝固时通常会析出初生枝晶和晕圈枝晶，其形成条件主要与冷却速率和熔体的过冷有关。随铸件模数Mc增大，枝晶数量减少，二次臂间距显著增大，形态趋于不发达，由初生枝晶向晕圈枝晶过渡。当Mc≤0.3cm时，二次臂间距的实测值与理论预测值基本吻合。初生石墨球周围往往形成环状封闭奥氏体壳；共晶前期石墨球周围形成封闭或不封闭的框架奥氏体壳；共晶后期石墨球往往被周边生长着的共晶奥氏体所包覆，最终成为共晶奥氏体的一部分。     

碳氮对铁素体不锈钢铸锭宏观凝固组织的影响

研究了碳、氮含量对铁素体不锈钢铸坯凝固组织3个区域的影响.结果表明,适当提高碳、氮含量有助于铸坯等轴晶比例的升高,碳、氮含量增加时,柱状晶一次枝晶间距增大,表面激冷层厚度减少.     

基于原位观察的Cu-Ni-Si合金凝固过程及机理研究

利用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(CLSM)原位观察薄带连铸Cu-3.2Ni-0.75Si合金在不同冷却速率下的凝固过程,定量分析了结晶温度和凝固组织二次枝晶间距依赖于冷却速率的函数关系.结果表明:冷却速率的提高可以显著降低合金的结晶温度,减小合金凝固组织的二次枝晶间距,当冷却速率由0.1?℃/s提高至100?℃/s时,结晶温度由1096?℃降低至890?℃,二次枝晶间距由77.5?μm减小至23.5?μm,结晶温度和二次枝晶间距依赖于冷却速率的函数关系式分别为TL→S=194×(-v/14)+895和λ2=60×v-0.11.薄带连铸的亚快速凝固特点可以显著细化合金凝固组织,抑制Ni、Si元素的显微偏析,其原因在于冷却速率的提高加大了合金熔体结晶时的初始过冷度.     

Influences of pouring temperature and cooling rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of casting A1-Si-Cu aluminum alloy

This paper investigated the influences of pouring temperature and cooling rate on the microstructure development and mechanical properties for casting Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy.The microstructure of the as-cast samples was characterized by an optical microscope.The results showed that the dendrite arm spacing(DAS,λ) is well refined by pouring at a higher temperature.The λ decreases with increasing pouring temperature due to the multiplication of the nucleation sites in the superheating liquid melt,and the mechanical properties,such as microhardness and ultimate tensile strength increase correspondingly,while the elongation decreases.The relationships between microhardness and λ for the samples cooled in metal mould and sand mould,are given as HV=118.9 1.246λ and HV=115.2 1.029λ,respectively.The effects of the cooling rate controlled by using permanent mould casting and sand mould casing processes(the cooling medium is air and sand,respectively) on the dendrite arm spacing and mechanical properties are similar to the effect of the pouring temperature.     

晶体取向对单晶高温合金一次枝晶间距的影响

在固液界面微单元热量平衡分析的基础上，建立了晶体取向对一次枝晶间距影响的理论模型。该模型表明，一维择优晶体取向与宏观定向凝固方向偏离越远，一次枝晶间距越小，对ＤＤ８单晶高温合金凝固组织尺度的实验研究结果表明，晶体取向对一次枝晶间距的影响趋势和理论模型相吻合，其影响程度和固液界面温度梯度及定向凝固速率有关。模型及实验都表明，提高固液界面温度梯度和定向凝固速率，晶体取向对一次枝晶间距的影响程度减弱。     

Microstructure and solidification thermal parameters in thin strip continuous casting of a stainless steel

The present work focuses on the relationships between solidification thermal parameters and the dendritic microstructure of an AISI 304 stainless steel solidified both in a strip casting pilot equipment (twin-roll) and in a directional solidification simulator. Experimental studies were conducted with a stainless steel strip casting obtained in a twin-roll continuous caster pilot equipment and in samples solidified in a directional solidification simulator with two different melt superheats. In both cases, the surface of the substrates was similar, with mean surface roughness of about 0.3 μm. After solidification, the specimens were cut at different positions from the metal/mold interface and etched for metallographic examination. An empirical equation from the literature relating secondary dendrite arm spacing and cooling rates was used to demonstrate the similarity of the cooling efficiency. The results have shown that the simulator can be used in the determination of transient metal/mold interface coefficients (h_i) and in the preprogramming of the strip casting operational conditions as a function of roll materials and surface roughness.     

结晶冷却速度对中铬铸铁组织和性能的影响

通过采用砂型和金属型铸造的方法,研究了结晶冷却速度对中铬铸铁铸态组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明:提高结晶冷却速度可以使中铬铸铁的组织明显细化,特别是奥氏体一次、二次枝晶间距显著减小;(Fe,Cr)3C型碳化物含量增多,碳化物尺寸减小,综合力学性能得到提高。     

Influence of directional solidification variables on primary dendrite arm spacing of Ni-based superalloy DZ125

The primary dendrite morphology and spacing of DZ125 superalloy have been observed during directional solidification under high thermal gradient about 500 K/cm. The results reveal that the primary dendrite arm spacing decreases from 94 μm to 35.8 μm with the increase of directional solidification cooling rate from 2.525 K/s to 36.4 K/s. The regression equation of the primary dendrite arm spacings λ1 versus cooling rate is λ1=0.013(GV)-0.32. The predictions of Kurz/Fisher model and Hunt/Lu model accord reasonably well with the experimental data. The influence of directional solidification rate under variable thermal gradient on the primary dendrite arm spacing has also been investigated.     

The correlation between dendritic microstructure and mechanical properties of directionally solidified hypoeutectic Al-Ni alloys

Al-Ni hypoeutectic alloys were directionally solidified under upward transient heat flow conditions. The aim of the present study is to set up correlations between the as-cast microstructure and the resulting mechanical properties of these alloys. The dependence of primary and secondary dendrite arm spacing on the alloy solute content and on solidification thermal parameters is also analyzed. The results include transient metal/mold heat transfer coefficient, tip growth rate, cooling rate, dendrite arm spacing, ultimate tensile strength, yield tensile strength and elongation. Expressions relating dendrite spacing to solidification thermal parameters and mechanical properties to the scale of the dendritic microstructure have been determined. It was found that the ultimate tensile strength and the yield tensile strength increase with increasing alloy solute content and with decreasing primary and secondary dendrite arm spacing. In contrast, the elongation was found to be independent of both alloy composition and dendritic arrangement.     

Prediction of Carbon Concentration and Ferrite Volume Fraction of Hot-Rolled Steel Strip During Laminar Cooling

A phase transformation model was presented for predicting the phase fraction transformed and the carbon concentration in austenite for austenite to ferrite transformation during laminar cooling on run-out table in hot rolling strip mill. In this model, the parameter k in Avrami equation was developed for carbon steels. The wide range of chemical composition, the primary austenite grain size, and the retained strain were taken into account. It can be used to predict the ferrite volume fraction and the carbon concentration in austenite of hot-rolled steel strip during laminar cooling on run-out table. The coiling temperature controlling model was also presented to calculate the temperature of steel strip. The transformation kinetics of austenite to ferrite and the evolution of carbon concentration in austenite at different temperatures during cooling were investigated in the hot rolled Q235B strip for thickness of 9.35, 6.4, and 3.2mm. The ferrite volume fraction along the length of the strip was also calculated. The calculated ferrite volume fraction was compared with the log data from hot strip mill and the calculated results were in agreement with the experimental ones. The present study is a part of the prediction of the mechanical properties of hot-rolled steel strip, and it has already been used on-line and off-line in the hot strip mill.     

大厚度电子束焊接接头厚度方向的组织差异性

利用K110型电子束焊机焊接50 mm厚的304不锈钢板,并对焊接接头深度方向的微观组织及硬度进行分析. 结果表明,利用电子束焊接方法能够一次性焊透50 mm厚不锈钢板,得到成形良好的焊接接头. 焊缝深宽比较大,约为18:1. 焊缝组织由奥氏体和铁素体组成. 从焊缝上表面到深约39 mm处,铁素体形态依次为网状,板条状/骨架状和树枝状分布于奥氏体枝晶间或晶界处. 在焊缝的下层,亚稳的胞状奥氏体将取代稳定铁素体相作为初生相直接从熔体中析出. 沿焊缝中心深度方向,接头的凝固模式由primary ferrite with second-phase austenite,FA转变成primary austenite with second-phase ferrite,AF模式,晶粒尺寸减小,硬度呈波动性增加趋势.