A study of EDM and ECM/ECM-lapping complex machining technology

EDM (electrodischarge machining) and ECM (electrochemical machining)/ECM-lapping complex machining is investigated in this paper. First, EDM shaping and ECM finishing technology are investigated. These processes are carried out in sequence on the same machine tool with the same electrode (copper) and the same machining liquid (water). Two types of EDM and ECM complex machining are investigated. One is with a formed electrode, and the other is with simple-shape electrode scanning. The complex machining with electrode scanning is applied to produce small and various-shaped components without making a formed electrode. The EDM surface of 1 μm Ra is improved to 0.2 μm Ra by applying ECM. Second, in order to get a smoother surface, a new EDM and ECM-lapping complex machining technology is developed. The surface roughness of a machined hole is improved to 0.07 μm Ra by applying 2 min of ECM lapping. The surface finishing of a hole shape is demonstrated with the complex machining technology.     

电火花摇动加工微细阵列轴和孔的试验研究

针对微细阵列轴和孔的电火花加工,提出了利用数控电火花加工机床摇动功能的摇动加工微细阵列轴和孔的方法.此法是基于电火花反拷贝加工的原理,先用丝电极在薄平板(中间电极)上按要加工的阵列轴和孔间距或数倍间距加工阵列小孔(直径0.1 mm以上),然后用加工的薄平板(中间电极)作电极,电火花摇动加工微细阵列轴(电极),最后用此微细阵列电极加工阵列孔.进行了电火花摇动加工微细阵列电极试验,得到了单电极直径为50 μm、长径比为16的3×3阵列电极,并用此电极在70 μm厚的不锈钢板上加工出单孔直径为70 μm的3×3微细阵列孔.试验结果表明,电火花摇动加工方法可实现微细阵列轴和孔的加工.     

Development of new-concept desk top size machine tool

A desktop multiprocess machinery has been designed that has two concepts: miniaturizing of machine tool and multiprocessing with a same machine tool. The prototype of desktop multiprocess machinery is developed in this study. This is tabletop size machine tool that has five changeable machining heads. Outline of main body and machining head are presented.In order to know the basic accuracy of desktop multiprocess machinery, experimental evaluation is carried out. Machining head setting error, stiffness of multiprocess machinery and straightness of X, Y, Z stage is measured. To study the basic performance of desktop multiprocess machinery, a complex machining experiment is carried out with the developed machine tool. The complex machining consists of three steps: electrode machining by milling, hole shaping by EDM, and hole finishing by ECM. These steps are performed in sequence on the same machine tool. The complex machining is successfully carried out. In order to evaluate the desktop multiprocess machinery from environmental point of view, machining energy, volume of machining liquid, and installation space of desktop multiprocess machinery are measured. The measured values are compared with estimated values with conventional machine tools. The machining energy, the volume of machining liquid, and the installation space of desktop multiprocess machinery are smaller than those of conventional machine tool.     

变参数微细电解加工变截面孔的实验研究

为提高微细电解加工高深宽比变截面孔的形状精度,通过仿真分析加工过程中不同的参数变化时间间隔对变截面孔形状精度的影响,设计并实现了一种变参数加工控制方法。在1 mm厚的18CrNi8工件上进行变参数微细电解加工实验,加工出孔径200~320μm(深宽比约为5)的变截面孔。结果表明:参数变化时间间隔为1 s时,形状平均误差为9μm,相比于其他时间间隔,其平均误差减小约85%,较好地满足了设计要求,也验证了该变参数加工控制方法的有效性。     

Simulation of fabrication for gas turbine blade turbulated cooling hole in ECM based on FEM

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is an important manufacture technology in machining difficult-to-cut materials without tool wear and residual stress. In this study, ECM is used to machine the turbulated cooling hole on gas turbine blade for enhance efficiency of aircraft engine. However, because of the eroded size is hard to be determined in ECM, a new approach by employing computer simulation method is applied to overcome this difficulties. Mathematical model based on the various parameters is developed. Finite element method (FEM) is selected to analyze the electric field distribution and compute the corrosion process of the material by using the time-dependent simulation method. Minimum deviation of the simulated anode profile shape from the experimentation is performed. Furthermore, this proposed method could reduce the number of trials and save the expense greatly.     

综合改善微细电解加工精度的工艺研究

电解加工的阳极电化学溶解原理使其在微细加工领域具有巨大的发展潜力,但杂散腐蚀和流场条件恶劣制约加工精度的提高.分析了影响微细电解加工的主要因素,提出综合改善微细电解加工精度的工艺途径.理论分析和实验研究均表明:将LIGA工艺制备高质量微细阵列电极、电极侧壁绝缘、高频脉冲电流及非线性电解液加工、电极间歇回退伺服控制等方法有机结合,能有效约束电场、改善流场,提高微细电解加工的精度.     

微细电解加工技术的概况与展望

概括总结了微细电解加工的典型技术,综合分析了近几年微细电解加工技术的研究成果和最新进展,包括脉冲电源、新型电解液、复合加工、微器件加工以及基础理论等方面,展望了其未来的研究重点和发展趋势.     

大直径工件分度圆周孔非常规机械加工技术探讨

介绍了两种大直径工件分度圆周孔非常规的机械加工技术,并经实际操作检验证明了其操作方便,加工精度高,加工品质可以媲美大型镗床,解决了大直径工件分度圆周孔需借助大型镗床进行加工的难题。     

低频振动小孔径内壁面微结构电解加工技术研究

为了研究低频振动电解加工对小孔径内壁面加工的影响,采用数值模拟和实验相结合的方法进行电解加工,分析影响加工结果的工艺参数及低频振动对小孔径内壁面加工精度的影响。结果表明:采用阴极低频振动加工小孔径内壁面,有利于加工间隙内电解液的循环更新和电解产物、电解热的排除,提高加工精度,改善加工定域性,同时也延长了工具电极的寿命。     

双联齿轮磨孔夹具设计及应用

在内圆磨床上使用磨孔夹具加工双联齿轮内孔，定位精度高，使用方便，工作可靠，极大地提高工作效率。     

Micro Electrochemical Machining of 3D Micro Structure Using Dilute Sulfuric Acid

Micro electrochemical machining (ECM) using ultra short pulses with tens of nanosecond duration is presented. 0.1 M sulfuric acid was used as electrolyte and 3D micro structures were machined on stainless steel. To prevent taper, a disk-type electrode was introduced. Using the disk-type electrode, taper could be eliminated. To improve productivity, multiple electrodes were applied and multiple structures were machined simultaneously. Since the wear of tool electrode is negligible in ECM, micro wire can be used as tool electrode. Using a platinum wire electrode with 10 urn diameter, various 3D features were machined on stainless steel plate.     

可调整角度的电解加工系统的开发

为解决微细电解加工过程中不溶性电解产物排出和反应产生的气体逸出问题,设计一种可调整角度的微细电解机床,改善了微细电解加工状况.介绍该微细电解机床基本工作原理,机床的结构、性能、规格以及控制系统的功能.试验结果表明,该加工系统能在立式和卧式两种角度进行微小孔的微细电解加工.     

涡轮叶片气膜孔制造及检测技术发展与展望

涡轮叶片作为航空发动机最核心的热端部件,在叶身加工气膜冷却孔是提高叶片承温能力的必然趋势。目前主流制孔工艺方法包括电火花加工（EDM）、电化学加工（ECM）与激光加工。其中,电火花制孔工艺最成熟,成本效率优势最为明显,广泛应用于多种型号叶片;电化学制孔可以满足“无重熔层、无微裂纹、无热影响区”的孔壁质量验收要求,但对异型孔加工能力不足限制其应用前景;长脉冲激光主要应用于静子件及燃机叶片的制孔,近些年随着超快激光技术的迅猛发展,孔壁加工精度及质量得到显著提升,使其在叶片转子件的制孔中也获得应用。此外,采用磨粒流、磁力研磨等气膜孔后处理工艺可消除孔口相贯线锐边,避免应力集中效应导致锐边起裂。目前,气膜孔检测技术的工程化应用滞后于加工技术,但对于叶片制孔质量控制与验收标准制定具有重要意义,亟需建立相关标准将先进测试表征方法应用于工程生产中,并长期助力智能制造技术发展。     

Investigation into micro abrasive intermittent jet machining

In the machining of small holes by the conventional micro abrasive jet machining, the colliding abrasives accumulate in the bottom of the hole, preventing the direct impact of successive abrasives onto the workpiece. As a result, the machining efficiency decreases as the machining progresses. This paper introduces a new method of micro abrasive jet machining, called micro abrasive intermittent jet machining (MAIJM), in which there exists a period of time during which no abrasive is injected into the gas stream from the nozzle so that the continuous flow of gas without abrasives from the nozzle could blow away any abrasives that have accumulated in the hole. Empirical models are developed for evaluation of the effect of MAIJM process parameters on the shape of the machined holes by proper design of experiments based on a Taguchi orthogonal array and by multi-variable linear regression. Further experiments are conducted to confirm the validity of the developed statistical model by comparing the model predictions with the experimental results.     

民机机匣电解加工设备的研制

国内外广泛采用电解加工工艺进行航空发动机机匣零件的加工。电解加工设备由于自身的特殊性,对密封和防护有着特殊的要求。民机机匣电解加工设备针对民用航空发动机机匣的电解加工而开发。在设备研制过程中,解决了机床工作时X轴加工反力较大,滑枕头及转台(C轴)的密封困难等难题,通过工艺试件的电解加工试验,验证了该设备研制的合理性。     

小孔径内壁螺旋形结构电解加工试验研究

以小孔内壁为加工对象,设计螺旋型刃阴极,研究电解加工小孔径内壁螺旋形结构成形规律。分析了小孔径内壁螺旋槽电解加工成形基本理论,设计并制作了螺旋形阴极;基于ANSYS软件进行电场仿真,分析不同加工间隙和电压时的电场分布情况;利用FLUENT软件分析不同初始加工间隙时的流场分布情况,通过流场分析优化了阴极结构,解决了由于存在涡流现象导致加工质量差的问题;通过正交试验分析各参数对加工结果的影响规律。采用优化参数加工所得螺旋槽最大深度为0.672 mm,误差为0.017 mm,表明数控电解加工小孔径内壁螺旋形结构切实可行。     

100 MN双动铝挤压机主柱塞的机械加工工艺

介绍了国内首台万吨铝挤压机关键零部件主柱塞的加工工艺 ,以及在大型卧式车床上加工大直径、高光洁度阶梯深孔、盲孔的加工方法及工艺流程和所需工装设计等。     

微细电化学加工电源的设计与研究

加工电源的频率、波形等输出特性在很大程度上影响微细电化学加工的效果。本文提出的微细电化学加工电源系统包括硬件和软件两个模块，其中硬件模块包括计算机、接口电路、功率放大电路和信号检测电路；软件模模包括驱动程序和控制程序。该电源系统可产生多种波形，且能实现对加工过程的自适应控制，从而满足微细电化学加工工艺研究的需求。     

用块电极轴向进给法电火花磨削微细轴

对电火花磨削微细轴中的关键问题进行了分析，提出并研究了利用块状电极轴向进给磨削微细轴的方法。在自行研制的多功能微细加工装置上，用该方法加工出了直径10μm的微细轴，并用此轴加工出了直径20／μm的微细孔。实验中发现：令伺服响应延时，可改善微细轴的圆度。用此方法得到的微细轴，根部强度高，有利于微细轴的加工和工作。     

从ISEM-XV看特种加工技术的最新进展

通过对发表在第十五届国际电加工会议(ISEM-XV)上的主要论文进行综述,多方位地介绍了近年来国际特种加工学术界的最新研究成果,其中基础研究、新工艺方法、微细加工、电化学加工、激光加工、复合加工等方面的新成果会对有关研究起到积极的启示作用.