弹丸对混凝土薄板的冲击破坏效应

介绍高速弹丸冲击混凝土薄板后所产生的贯穿破坏效应,通过模型试验、数值模拟和量纲理论分析,取得了三者吻合较好的结果,并导出了计算弹丸穿透混凝土薄板后残余速度的经验公式。通过弹丸撞击有限厚度钢筋混凝土靶板的模型试验,获得了有关靶板冲击破坏的宏观图象及弹丸贯穿靶板后的残余速度。介绍了非线性三维动力有限元程序和混凝土材料的脆性损伤模型,对弹丸冲击效应试验中的靶板破坏过程进行了数值模拟,通过数值模拟计算,形象地再现了弹丸高速冲击作用下,钢筋混凝土靶板发生贯穿破坏的物理过程,数值模拟结果与试验中靶板的实际破坏图象十分吻合。通过量纲分析,得出了描述钢筋混凝土板冲击破坏效果各参数之间的无量纲关系,利用现场试验数据进行回归,导出了贯穿条件下的弹丸余速计算公式。     

GFRP筋地下连续墙混凝土板受弯性能试验研究及有限元分析

为了解GFRP筋地下连续墙的受弯性能,通过GFRP筋混凝土板和钢筋混凝土板的对比受弯试验,分析了两者的受力-变形过程和破坏形态,对比了两者的挠度、开裂荷载、极限荷载以及混凝土应变。结果表明：GFRP筋混凝土板的受力-变形曲线大致可划分为开裂前和开裂后两个阶段,其破坏表现为脆性;混凝土开裂前两种板的截面应变变化规律均基本符合平截面假定,但开裂后GFRP筋混凝土板的挠度增长速率远大于钢筋混凝土板,且该速率基本不变;两种板的开裂荷载较为接近,而GFRP筋混凝土板的极限荷载为钢筋混凝土板的1.2倍。在试验基础上,建立了GFRP筋混凝土板的有限元模型,通过参数分析表明,GFRP筋混凝土板的抗弯刚度在开裂后随配筋率的增大而增大。图13表6参8     

GFRP筋混凝土桥面板承载性能的试验研究

为了研究采用玻璃纤维筋（GFRP）作为配筋材料的混凝土桥梁面板工作性能,结合板内的压缩薄膜效应对该类结构进行了静力加载试验研究。在试验设计中采用了一套1∶3比例缩小的试验模型,桥梁面板分别支撑于混凝土梁和钢梁上。通过改变结构模型参数,包括支撑梁尺寸、配筋率和配筋材料等,分析其对GFRP筋混凝土桥梁面板承载性能的影响。将试验结果与现行FRP筋混凝土结构设计规范（ACI440.1R06）对比后发现,现行设计规范低估了该结构的真实承载能力。为了准确计算出该非金属筋材混凝土结构的实际承载力,建立了非线性有限元模型,该数值模型的计算结果与试验结果有着良好吻合。     

冷轧带肋钢筋预应力混凝土叠合板与空心底板受弯承载力相关性分析

通过理论分析与试验研究,提出了冷轧带肋钢筋预应力混凝土叠合板与空心底板受弯承载力相关性模式,为该类叠合板设计与结构性能检验提供了新的方法与计算手段,可供有关规范及通用标准图集编制和预制构件生产、施工、检验部门应用。     

钢筋混凝土双肢剪力墙非线性静力有限元分析

利用有限元软件ABAQUS中的混凝土损伤塑性模型,采用分离式方法建立有限元模型,对钢筋混凝土双肢剪力墙进行了非线性分析;在与试验结果进行对比分析的基础上,选取了用于钢筋混凝土剪力墙非线性有限元分析的材料破坏准则和本构关系进行建模;通过数值计算,分析了轴压比、墙连梁跨高比、墙分布钢筋配筋率、边缘构件配筋率对钢筋混凝土双肢剪力墙的承载能力、延性、破坏形态等的影响。结果表明:轴压比、分布钢筋配筋率和连梁跨高比对钢筋混凝土双肢剪力墙的受力性能影响较为明显;边缘约束构件配筋率对墙体的影响较小。     

Mechanical properties and impact resistance of concrete composites with hybrid steel fibers

The aim of this study is to develop concrete composites that are resistant to armor-piercing projectiles for defense structures. Different reinforcement configurations have been tested, such as short steel fibers, long steel fibers, and steel mesh reinforcement. Three different concrete mix designs were prepared as “Ultra High Performance (UHPFRC), High Performance (HPFRC) and Conventional (CFRC) Fiber Reinforced Concrete”. The content of hybrid steel fibers was approximately 5% in the UHPFRC and HPFRC mixtures, while the steel fiber content was approximately 2.5% in the CFRC mixture. In addition, a plain state of each mixture was produced. Mechanical properties of concrete were determined in experimental studies. In addition to the fracture energy and impact strength, two important indicators of ballistic performance of concrete are examined, which are the penetration depth and damage area. The results of the study show that the depth of penetration in UHPFRC was around 35% less than that in HPFRC. It was determined that the mixtures of UHPFRC and HPFRC containing 5% by volume of hybrid steel fibers showed superior performance (smaller crater diameter and the less projectile penetration depth) against armor-piercing projectiles in ballistic tests and could be used in defense structures.     

FPR-混凝土粘结界面的规律

根据试验数据,研究了FRP与混凝土粘结的非线性模型Ⅱ界面规律。所提出的界面规律基于差分方程,并考虑了高剪应力下粘性剂和混凝土保护层的非线性作用。模型中的参数均在拉—拉剥离试验下校准,同时采用了不同荷载水平、不同粘结长度、沿FRP板方向的最大传递荷载与应变。通过有限粘结长度决定的最大传递荷载的估计值来确定界面规律中的断裂能,同时根据应变确定剪切－滑移关系。并通过一系列文献的试验结果验证参数优化程序。在粘结－滑移模型中采用所提出的界面定律进行数值模拟计算,得出粘结区域中FRP的应变、剪应力和滑移与试验结果很吻合。     

GFRP筋加固混凝土板的试验分析

本文介绍了GFRP筋混凝土板和钢筋混凝土板的试验室抗弯试验,描述了试件的受力～变形过程和破坏形态,对两种混凝土板的开裂荷载和极限荷载、挠度以及混凝土的应变进行了对比和分析。同时,对不同配筋率GFRP筋混凝土板进行了有限元模拟试验,探讨了配筋率对GFRP筋混凝土板刚度的影响,给出了GFRP筋混凝土板开裂后抗弯刚度的计算公式。     

Experimental and finite element analysis on the steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams ultimate behavior

Steel fiber-added reinforced concrete (SFRC) applications have become widespread in areas such as higher upper layers, tunnel shells, concrete sewer pipes, and slabs of large industrial buildings. Usage of SFRC in load-carrying members of buildings having conventional reinforced concrete (RC) frames is also gaining popularity recently because of its positive contribution to both energy absorption capacity and concrete strength.This paper presents experimental and finite element analysis of three SFRC beams. For this purpose, three SFRC beams with 250 × 350 × 2000 mm dimensions are produced using a concrete class of C20 with 30 kg/m³ dosage of steel fibers and steel class S420 with shear stirrups. SFRC beams are subjected to bending by a four-point loading setup in certified beam-loading frame, exactly after having been moist-cured for 28 days. The tests are with control of loads. The beams are loaded until they are broken and the loadings are stopped when the tensile steel bars are broken into two pieces. Applied loads and mid-section deflections are carefully recorded at every 5 kN load increment from the beginning till the ultimate failure.One of the SFRC beams modeled by using nonlinear material properties adopted from experimental study is analyzed till the ultimate failure cracks by ANSYS. Eight-noded solid brick elements are used to model the concrete. Internal reinforcement is modeled by using 3D spar elements. A quarter of the full beam is taken into account in the modeling process.The results obtained from the finite element and experimental analyses are compared to each other. It is seen from the results that the finite element failure behavior indicates a good agreement with the experimental failure behavior.     

Flachdecken aus Stahlfaserbeton

Steel Fibre reinforced concrete Flat Slabs Steel fibre reinforced concrete is a proven and reliable material for slabs on grade of industrial floor systems. Since several years, steel fibre reinforced concrete with additional reinforcement bars is used for free suspended pile supported industrial floors. The load carrying behaviour under service loading conditions is similar to that of elevated flat slabs. Recently, concretes with high fluidity allow higher fibre dosages than before. A full scale loading test on a flat slab of 340 m² at TREFILARBED in Bissen, Luxemburg has proven that elevated slab structures made of steel fibre reinforced concrete with 100 kg/m³ fibre content can compete with traditional reinforced concrete slabs by means of load carrying capacity as well as concerning cost effectiveness. This paper deals with the development of free suspended SFRC slabs based on the performed full scale tests. Formulas for the ultimate limit state design according to the yield line theory are presented. Design criteria at serviceability limit state are provided.     

素混凝土与钢筋混凝土的抗侵彻行为及等效关系

采用25mm滑膛炮对2种靶体介质进行正侵彻试验,获得了着靶速度、侵彻深度、开坑直径以及开坑深度等参数.结果表明:侵彻深度随着钢筋混凝土配筋率的提高而略有降低,钢筋的掺加有利于提高靶体的抗侵彻能力;钢筋混凝土比素混凝土抗侵彻能力强,有较强抗2次打击的能力.利用DYNA软件模拟了当弹体以相同的着靶速度贯穿素混凝土靶和钢筋混凝土靶的过程,得到2种靶体抗侵彻能力的等效关系.     

角部开孔钢筋混凝土板承载能力试验研究

对复杂支撑条件下角部开孔钢筋混凝土板进行了试验分析,重点研究了不同支撑条件及配筋对板的承载能力、位移、屈服线模式及反力的影响,并得出了具体的结论,从而促进角部开孔钢筋混凝土板承载能力的研究.     

双向应力作用下钢筋混凝土板非线性本构关系

以复杂几何形状、边界条件及配筋形式的钢筋混凝土薄板为研究对象,根据钢筋混凝土有限元理论,以三角形分层组合式的弹性薄板弯曲单元为基础,研究了混凝土为各向异性材料在双向应力作用下的本构关系。     

HRB600钢筋混凝土短柱轴压性能试验研究

通过对6根HRB600钢筋、1根HRB500钢筋混凝土短柱和2根素混凝土短柱进行轴心受压试验,分析不同配筋率、混凝土强度、钢筋强度、长细比对钢筋混凝土柱轴压性能的影响,提出HRB600钢筋的抗压强度设计值,分析GB 50010-2010《混凝土结构设计规范》中关于轴心受压承载力计算公式的适用性。研究结果表明:随着纵筋配筋率、钢筋强度和混凝土强度的提高,轴压短柱的峰值荷载增大;轴压短柱峰值应变随混凝土强度提高而减小,随钢筋强度提高而略有增大,纵筋配筋率和长细比对峰值应变影响较小;HRB600钢筋抗压强度设计值取为500 MPa,HRB600钢筋混凝土短柱与普通钢筋混凝土短柱的受力性能相似,轴心受压承载力可以按照GB 50010-2010《混凝土结构设计规范》中规定的受压承载力公式进行计算,具有足够的安全储备。     

部分配置FRP筋框支剪力墙抗震性能研究

针对全钢筋混凝土框支剪力墙在工程中所存在的问题,提出了采用比强度高、耐腐蚀性能好、自重轻但弹性模量低并具有线弹性性能的纤维增强塑料(FRP)筋来替换该剪力墙中部分钢筋的建议.通过拟静力试验及非线性有限元数值分析,比较了1榀全钢筋混凝土框支剪力墙试件(FSW-1)和1榀部分配置FRP筋框支剪力墙试件(FSW-4)的裂缝发展规律和破坏模式,及其承载能力、延性性能和滞回特征.结果表明:部分配置FRP筋框支剪力墙结构具有较高的承载能力和较好的抗震性能;非线性有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合较好.     

预应力高强钢绞线网加固钢筋混凝土板的试验研究

采用新型张拉锚固系统对钢绞线网施加预应力,研究预应力水平值对板加固效果的影响规律。对3块不同预应力水平加固板、1块非预应力加固板和1块对比板进行抗弯试验研究。试验结果表明:较对比板,预应力加固板的承载力、截面刚度大幅度提高,裂缝宽度明显减小;较非预应力加固板,其开裂荷载显著提高,屈服荷载、极限荷载、截面刚度均有提高,裂缝宽度减小;随预应力水平的提高,加固效果、钢绞线强度的利用率明显提高。对钢绞线的预应力损失进行分析,提出预应力加固板承载力的计算公式,计算结果与试验值吻合良好,可作为预应力钢绞线抗弯加固混凝土板理论分析和设计的参考。预应力高强钢绞线加固技术解决了非预应力加固方法钢绞线应变滞后、发生剥离破坏、高强度利用率低等缺点,是一种主动高效的加固技术,具有较高的推广应用价值。     

Strengthening of lightweight reinforced concrete slabs using different techniques

The present study examines the potential of using four different techniques in repairing and strengthening of preloaded, cracked, lightweight, reinforced concrete one-way solid slabs. Nineteen lightweight reinforced concrete (LWRC) slabs specimens were casted with one-third scale dimensions from prototype structure in buildings. The slabs dimensions were 1.2 m in length and cross section of (70 × 500) mm in depth and width. The slabs were reinforced with 3φ10 for the main reinforcement and tested under a four-point loading system. The tested slabs were divided into two groups according to preloading level to study the effect of cracking level. Two preloadings were selected, i.e. 60% and 80% from the ultimate load. The strengthening techniques used were ferrocement layer, steel plate, carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) sheets and CFRP strips. The slabs were loaded up to failure and the structural response of each slab specimen was predicted in terms of the onset of cracking, deflection, collapse load and failure mode. The efficiency of different repair and strengthening techniques and their effects on the structural behaviour of cracked concrete slab had been analysed. It was observed that the type of strengthening technique used affect the load carrying capacity, deflection, stiffness and toughness of the slab. All repair techniques were found to be able to restore and enhance the structural capacity of cracked concrete slabs. The enhancement ratio is found to be affected by the preloading or the cracking level.     

Experimental study on shearing capacity of concrete beams longitudinal reinforced with steel fiber composite bars and BFRP bars

为了研究纵筋分别采用钢-纤维复合筋（SFCB）和玄武岩纤维复合筋（BFRP筋）的混凝土梁受剪性能，以普通钢筋混凝土梁作为对比，设计并开展了46根梁的受剪承载力试验，变化参数为剪跨比、纵筋配筋率和有无箍筋。试验结果表明:三种纵筋梁的受剪承载力均随着剪跨比的减小而增大；SFCB梁的受剪承载力随着纵筋配筋率的增大也增大。此外，提出广义销栓作用影响系数的概念，推导其计算式，用于评价复合纵筋和玄武岩纵筋对混凝土梁受剪承载力的贡献，并据此建立受剪承载力计算式。经与国内外共223组混凝土梁(纵筋为钢筋、BFRP筋和SFCB等)受剪试验数据对比，验证所提广义销栓作用受剪承载力计算式的正确性。在此基础上，采用与钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载力规范公式相近的安全度，建议了适用于纵筋为复合筋和玄武岩筋的混凝土梁受剪承载力设计公式。     

Hybrid flexural components: Testing pre-stressed steel and GFRP bars together as reinforcement for flexural members

Concrete members historically have used either pre-stressed steel or steel bars. In recent years there has been an increased interest in the use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials. However, the flexure behavior of a hybrid system reinforced by the combination of pre-stressed steel and glass fiber reinforced (GFRP) is still relatively unknown. The purpose of this work is to study this. Two slabs of 100 and 150-millimeter thickness, with a span of 2.1 m reinforced with both pre-stressing steel and GFRP were constructed and tested to failure using ACI 318-11 and ACI 440.1R-15. The concrete had strength of 31 MPa and the slabs were respectively reinforced with 5#4 bars and 3#5 bars. Each slab had 37.41 mm² prestressing wire with a failure stress of 1722.5 MPa. The experimental flexural strength and deflection of slabs were compared with their respective sizes theoretical slabs. The theoretical slabs were either reinforced with pre-stressed steel or GFRP rebars, or a hybrid system. It was found that the hybrid system produces better results.     

Analysis of stiffness and flexural strength of a reinforced concrete beam using an invented reinforcement system

In this study, we conducted experimental tests on two specimens of reinforced concrete beams using a three-point bending test to optimize the flexure and stiffness designs. The first specimen is a reinforced concrete beam with an ordinary reinforcement, and the second specimen has an invented reinforcement system that consists of an ordinary reinforcement in addition to three additional bracings using steel bars and steel plates. The results of the flexure test were collected and analyzed, and the flexural strength, the rate of damage during bending, and the stiffness were determined. Finite element modeling was applied for both specimens using the LS-DYNA program, and the simulation results of the flexure test for the same outputs were determined. The results of the experimental tests showed that the flexural strength of the invented reinforcement system was significantly enhanced by 15.5% compared to the ordinary system. Moreover, the flexural cracks decreased to a significant extent, manifesting extremely small and narrow cracks in the flexure spread along the bottom face of the concrete. In addition, the maximum deflection for the invented reinforced concrete beam decreased to 1/3 compared to that of an ordinary reinforced concrete beam. The results were verified through numerical simulations, which demonstrated excellent similarities between the flexural failure and the stiffness of the beam. The invented reinforcement system exhibited a high capability in boosting the flexure design and stiffness.