一种非线性系统的传感器故障检测与诊断新方法

基于一种非线性系统的伪偏差分离估计算法和贝叶斯分类算法,给出了一种非线性系统 的传感器故障检测与诊断的新方法.对一个大型造纸机采用实际模型进行的数值仿真表明, 该方法非常适用于工业系统传感器的在线故障检测与诊断.     

BP神经网络在飞控系统传感器故障诊断中的应用

故障检测和诊断技术对提高系统可靠性具有重要意义,针对飞控系统中常见的传感器故障,提出了基于神经网络观测器的故障诊断方法;通过构造神经网络模型代替解析系统建模,利用神经网络的学习能力在线检测传感器故障,最后,应用BP神经网络算法对故障进行仿真;仿真结果表明,神经网络观测器方法对单一传感器故障及多个传感器故障均能够准确识别,并对故障的定位也有不错的效果。     

一种有效的传感器故障诊断方法

提出了一种核Fisher特征提取以及模糊模式识别的传感器故障诊断方法。提取传感器信号波形时域特征和频域特征构成初始特征,使用核Fisher方法对初始特征进行非线性变换增强信号特征。然后使用模糊数学方法建立了传感器故障诊断模型,通过使用隶属度函数获取特征向量对各状态的隶属度,运用最大隶属原则对特征向量进行定性分类,判定传感器状态。将该方法应用到FDT/DTM（Field Device Tool/Device Type Manager）设备管理系统中,对NCS4000水循环控制的压力传感器进行故障诊断,数值实验表明该算法具有实效性。     

A hybrid intelligent system for fault detection and sensor fusion

In this paper, an efficient new hybrid approach for multiple sensor fusion and fault detection is proposed, addressing the problem with multiple faults, which is based on conventional fuzzy soft clustering and artificial immune systems. For this new approach, requires no prior knowledge or information about the sensors, or the system behavior, and no learning processes are required.The proposed hybrid approach consists of two main phases. In the first phase a single fuser for the input sensor signals is generated using the fuzzy clustering c-means algorithm. The fused output is based on the cluster centers that contain the maximum number of the input elements. In the second phase a fault detector was generated base on the artificial immune system AIS.     

嵌入式大气数据系统人工智能算法及故障诊断

嵌入式大气数据传感(FADS)系统由于其诸多优势成为现在战斗机设计中的关键技术之一。开发了基于BP(反向传播)人工神经网络的FADS算法和基于随机森林算法的故障识别与处理算法。该嵌入式大气数据系统算法以迎角和马赫数为分段依据,分别计算大气数据。故障识别则采用随机森林算法自动识别出故障测压点,在将故障测压点剔除后,采用不含故障点压强的组合预测各大气数据。采用飞行数据测试开发FADS系统算法,结果表明:该算法计算大气参数较为准确,迎角误差小于0.2°,侧滑角误差小于0.3°,马赫数误差小于0.0105,静压误差小于300 Pa。采用单个测压点故障的压强组合测试了故障识别与容错算法的性能,测试结果显示该算法能够准确识别出故障测压点压强,采用的飞行曲线测试中准确度达到100%,且各大气数据计算精度可达上述无故障压强时的精度,有效降低了故障压强对FADS系统算法计算精度的影响。     

Reconfigurable control of piecewise affine systems with actuator and sensor faults: Stability and tracking

A reconfigurable control approach for continuous-time piecewise affine (PWA) systems subject to actuator and sensor faults is presented. The approach extends the concept of virtual actuators and virtual sensors from linear to PWA systems on the basis of the fault-hiding principle that provides the underlying conceptual idea: the fault is hidden from the nominal controller and the fault effects are compensated. Sufficient linear matrix inequality (LMI) conditions for the existence of virtual actuators and virtual sensors are given that guarantee the recovery of closed-loop stability and the tracking of constant reference inputs. Since LMIs are efficiently solvable, this solution leads to a tractable computational algorithm that solves the reconfiguration problem. The approach is proven to be robust against model uncertainties and inaccurate fault diagnosis, and is evaluated using an example system of interconnected tanks.     

改进LSTM-RF算法的传感器故障诊断与数据重构研究

针对传感器的故障诊断与故障数据重构问题,提出一种基于改进型长短期记忆网络(LSTM)和随机森林(RF)的混合算法.首先,运用改进型LSTM算法对传感器的输出序列进行预测,将预测值与实际值作差得到残差序列.然后,通过RF算法对残差序列进行分类,识别出传感器的故障状态.当传感器诊断的结果为故障工作状态时,利用改进型LSTM的预测值重构故障数据.所提的改进LSTM-RF算法在功能上既可以对传感器故障类型进行诊断,又可以对故障数据进行重构.实验结果表明,改进的LSTM-RF算法的传感器故障识别准确率在不同的数据集上均能大于97％,故障数据重构的均方根误差小于4％;相比标准的LSTM-RF算法,改进的LSTM-RF算法在收敛速度提高的同时故障数据重构的精度提高了0.4％.     

Fault tolerant approach for biosignal-based robot control

This paper proposes a fault tolerant framework for biosignal-based robot control with multiple sensor electrodes. In this approach, to cope with sensor faults, a reliable joint torque estimation model is selected from a group of estimation models based on sensor failure classifiers. The correlation among the electromyography (EMG) signal streams is used as input feature vectors for fault detection. To validate our proposed method, we artificially disconnect an EMG electrode or detach one side of an EMG probe from the skin surface during elbow-joint torque estimation experiments with five participants. When one EMG sensor electrode experiences one of the problems, the experimental results show that the joint torque can be estimated with significantly fewer errors using our proposed approach than a joint torque estimation method without sensor fault detection or than a method with a conventional sensor fault detection algorithm. Furthermore, we controlled a mannequin-arm-attached one-DOF exoskeleton based on the estimated torque profiles by generating movements with the estimated torque derived from the selected model.     

A new method of sensor fault diagnosis for under-measurement system based on space geometry approach

Sensor fault cannot be converted to system equation under the condition of under- measurement system. Aiming to solve this problem, we present a new method which treats sensor fault as state variable to enforce fault diagnosis. Firstly, the system model of sensor fault is constructed by putting sensor fault into the state equation. Then, the residual generator is designed using the space projection operation to solve the relevant parameter matrices. Since the proposed algorithm satisfies one-to-one correspondence of faults and residuals, it can achieve single and multiple sensors FDI. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

一种非线性系统容错控制的混合方法

针对连续搅拌箱式反映器,提出一种闭环非线性系统容错控制的混合方法。即利用“等价偏差”的新概念建立传感器的故障模型,然后基于一种伪偏差分离估计算法,在线得到系统状态和“等价偏差”的估计值。数值仿真结果验证了该方法不仅具有很强的关于传感器故障的容错能力,而且还可检测、分离和估计出相应的故障。     

观测永久丢失下随机离散事件系统故障预测的验证算法

针对随机离散事件系统在故障预测时可能出现系统观测永久丢失,导致预测不准确的问题,提出一种观测永久丢失下故障预测验证的算法。首先对观测永久丢失的随机离散事件系统的U-可预测性进行了形式化。其次使用随机预测器构造了一个随机离散事件系统的U-预测器,实现了系统的故障预测。基于U-预测器,提出了随机离散事件系统U-可预测性的充分必要条件及验证算法,并且引入成对的方式,明显地改进了该验证算法的复杂度。仿真结果表明,该验证算法使得观测永久丢失下系统故障预测准确。最后,实例说明观测永久丢失下故障预测验证算法的应用。结果表明,该验证算法相比现有同类验证算法应用范围更广,验证结果更精确。     

Bayesian Fault Probability Estimation: Application in Wind Turbine Drivetrain Sensor Fault Detection

In this paper, the extension of the Bayesian framework for sensor fault detection of nonlinear systems proposed in [25] is studied utilizing particle filtering and the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm, in which the fault probability is calculated. The proposed algorithm is implemented on a wind turbine benchmark model to detect drivetrain sensor faults, which are one of the most addressed and likely faults in offshore wind turbines. The fault probability estimation effectively eliminates the need for installing identical redundant sensors. Indeed, because of the use of the unknown wind speed estimator, the residual signal, constructed based on the drivetrain estimated states, is not able to clearly signify the fault periods, a situation in which the fault probability accurately does this task. Also, using the proposed algorithm, the fault size for each sensor is estimated via a one‐step calculation, which decreases the complexity of this algorithm. The fault identification is performed using the recursive least square method and two other modifications, including exponentially weighted and windowed estimates. Additionally, in the fault accommodation step, the concept of a virtual sensor is used to remove the need for reconfiguring the current controller, which reduces complexity and expense. In the simulation section, using a real measured wind speed for two different fault scenarios, the proposed algorithm is evaluated and finally, conclusions are stated.     

航空发动机传感器故障诊断

研究航空发动机传感器故障诊断问题,由于发动机传感器故障样本有限、小样本、非线性变化特点,传统大样本传统故障方法故障诊断准确率低。为提高传感器故障诊断准确率,提出一种混沌粒子群算法(CPSO)和最小二乘支持向量机(LSS-VM)相结合的传感器故障诊断算法(CPSO-LSSVM)。首先将发动机传感器信号输入到LSSVM进行学习,并采用CPSO进行优化,找到最优LSSVM参数,从而建立传感器故障诊断模型,最后采用已建立模型对传感器故障进行仿真测试。仿真结果表明,CPSO-LSSVM提高了航空发动机传感器故障诊断的准确率,能准确地对空发动机传感器故障进行诊断,提供民飞行安全性能保障。     

深空探测航天器姿态控制系统故障定位

执行机构与敏感器故障检测与定位是深空探测任务卫星平台可靠运行的前提和保障.本文从数据的角度出发,结合姿控系统工作机理,提出一种基于神经网络和支持向量机结合的故障诊断方法用于检测并定位故障.故障诊断方法分为3步,首先采集姿控系统的状态信息,采用神经网络对闭环姿控系统中未知动态特性建模并进行预测;然后将姿控系统敏感器信号与神经网络预测输出比较生成残差并提取故障特征;最后采用支持向量机辨识残差特征检测故障,并结合运动学特性分析定位故障.仿真结果表明本文所提方法可以有效提取、辨识故障特征,实现执行器与敏感器的故障检测定位.     

基于事件触发的故障诊断与动态调节集成设计

本文发展了一种事件触发采样与更新检测机制、故障诊断及调节的集成设计框架.事件触发技术不仅用于传感器端,同时也用于容错控制器端.所设计的故障诊断观测器能够应用基于事件触发的非均匀采样输出同时估计故障和系统状态,基于所获得的状态和估计信息,构造事件触发更新检测器和动态容错控制器,进而借助于增广系统方法来集成设计两个事件触发检测器、故障诊断观测器和容错控制器,以保证故障系统的性能,同时尽可能的降低传感器、控制器、执行器三者之间的信息传输频率.仿真实例验证了所提方法的可行性和优越性.     

基于小波分析的传感器故障检测研究

针对航空发动机控制系统传感器故障检测在强噪声环境下易误报的问题,设计了基于模极大值原理的传感器故障检测方法.首先介绍基于小波奇异性进行故障检测的基本原理,之后根据信号和噪声奇异指数不同的特点判断噪声模极大值.对传感器典型故障,给出基于模极大值原理的传感器故障检测算法,并根据小波变换模极大值在不同尺度下的分布来完成故障的检测.通过某型涡扇发动机控制系统传感器故障检测仿真实验表明,小波变换能很好地刻画信号的奇异性特征,该滤波算法消噪效果明显,故障检测准确度高.     

基于K-最近邻算法的管道系统传感器数据有效性分析研究

在管道运输中传感器的正常使用至关重要,为了防止因传感器故障而导致的数据采集失效,造成误报警和漏报警,对传感器本身的故障诊断和失效分析已经成为当前研究的重要方向.通过对各传感器采集数据进行组合分析,以各传感器之间的数据关联特性作为研究内容,运用K-最近邻算法对管道上传感器所采集数据进行相似性拟合,提出采用C4.5算法定义各传感器所采集数据对目标传感器的支持度以决定目标传感器数据的有效性,对故障传感器运行状态进行分析与定位,进而判断传感器的数据可靠性和输差出现位置.实验结合西南某管道流量传感器数据进行分析,结果表明,该算法能够准确判断目标传感器数据的有效性和故障传感器在时域中发生的位置.     

Fault diagnosis in wireless sensor network using negative selection algorithm and support vector machine

In this article, an improved negative selection algorithm (INSA) has been proposed to identify faulty sensor nodes in wireless sensor network (WSN) and then the faults are classified into soft permanent, soft intermittent, and soft transient fault using the support vector machine technique. The performance metrics such as fault detection accuracy, false alarm rate, false positive rate, diagnosis latency (DL), energy consumption, fault classification accuracy (FCA), and false classification rate (FCR) are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed INSA. The simulation result shows that the INSA gives better result as compared to the existing algorithms in terms of performance metrics. The fault classification performance is measured by FCA and FCR. It has also seen that the proposed algorithm gives less DL and consumes less energy than that of existing algorithms proposed by Mohapatra et al, Zhang et al, and Panda et al for WSN.     

基于联合神经网络的传感器故障诊断与重构

针对可能发生的传感器故障,设计出了一种基于联合神经网络的传感器容错系统.提出了一种改进型的径向基函数神经网络,有较强的容错能力.算法包括1个主网络和n个分散网络的联合神经网络结构,各神经网络均基于改进型径向基函数算法,根据一定的控制目标对系统中的传感器故障进行检测、识别和调节,达到了容错控制的目的.     

基于输出时滞方法的非均匀采样数据系统传感器故障检测(英文)

研究一般非均匀采样数据系统鲁棒传感器故障检测设计问题.首先,基于输出时滞方法将非均匀采样数据系统转换成具有时变时滞输出的连续系统;然后,选择故障检测滤波器作为残差产生器,并将故障检测设计问题描述成一个多目标优化问题,即连续时间过程噪声和离散时间测量噪声对残差信号的H∞范数小于一个给定值,同时传感器故障对残差信号的l2增益大于一个给定值,基于输入输出方法以矩阵不等式的形式给出该多目标优化问题有解的充分条件;进一步的,提出一个迭代算法来权衡噪声鲁棒性与故障灵敏度,并将矩阵不等式转换成可解的线性矩阵不等式.最后,对某型飞控系统的仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性.