结合澜沧县实际发展种桑养蚕产业

本文在介绍种桑养蚕基本特性及优点的基础上，结合澜沧县实际情况，分析了澜沧县发展种桑养蚕产业的有利因素及制约因素，提出了“科学规划，有序发展，选择适应科学种植，科学养殖”等，发展种桑养蚕的技术措施，对种桑养蚕产业的发展具有积极作用。     

智慧能源管控云平台研究及应用

<正>一、成果研究背景能源是经济增长的动力源，同时也是影响城市环境与可持续发展的一个制约因素。在我国，能源问题受到政府的高度关注，发展低碳经济、建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会已成为我国的战略选择，通过技术创新、制度创新、产业转型、新能源开发等多种手段，可实现经济社会发展与生态环境保护双赢发展。     

内防喷工具的结构形式及推荐使用方法

随着钻井技术和井控技术的发展，以及对外合作机会的增加，内防喷工具的种类和结构形式日益繁杂。本文主要介绍了内防喷工具的作用、发展状况、结构形式，工具特点、装位置等情况。同时，指出了在各种工况、地质条件下内防喷工具的选择。     

博世LSP Select客户端现推出多语言版本、支持多种平台扬声器选择变得更简单

当涉及剑音响系统的技术规格，安装人员需要考虑扬声器的性能、安装类型、环境和认证问题，以及可用配件等因素。为了使选择过程变得更简单，博世开发了LSP Select客户端。现在，博世已将此工具升级至1．4版本，以方便更多用户使用。     

人大代表孟伟：进一步加强环境标准体系建设

第十二届全国人大代表、全国人大环资委副主任委员、中国工程院院士、中国环境科学研究院院长孟伟认为，尽管近年来环境标准体系建设取得了巨大成果，但是当前环保标准执行中还存在一些突出问题，一个是衔接环境质量、排放标准的关键法律制度缺失。他说，衔接单个排放源监管与环境容量、质量管理的关键制度是环境影响评价制度和排污许可制度。各类污染源的实际排污行为具有多桦性、不稳定性和隐蔽性等特点，受到排放监控技术适用性、实施和监管成本等因素制约，实际存在的排污行为和污染物种类远远超过国内外各种排放标准中能够明确规定的控制项目数量。     

土石坝枢纽布置原则浅析

土石坝枢纽布置是水利水电枢纽工程设计的关键性因素,受诸多因素影响和制约,因此选择多种方案,并进行深入的技术、经济比较,选出最优方案是十分必要的。     

制约公路工程质量的几个因素分析

本文主要从公路建设市场监管、招标投标评标、项目法人制度、工程前期工作、治理超载、车流量统计,以及法律制度等方面,讨论制约公路工程质量的因素,并提出解决问题的建议。     

我国机器人产业发展策略研究

本文从市场和技术两方面阐述了我国机器人产业现状，分析了制约机器人产业发展的主要因素。最后，从产业政策、技术发展、人才建设等方面探讨了我国机器人产业发展的策略。     

中国制造的“舶来品”——中国博士后制度之我见

我国博士后制度发展迅速，在国民经济中发挥着越来越重要的作用。随着全球化的加速，博士后制度以其自身的优势在教育、科研、国防、军事、金融等系统中蓬勃发展，有力地促进了国计民生的发展。同时也存在一系列的制约因素，面临越来越多的挑战。？本文首先介绍了我国博士后制度的发展现状、成就及存在的问题，然后从外部环境及管理体制自身出发，分析这些问题产生的原因并提出相应的解决措施。     

以人为本提高全员管理意识搭建载体创开发管理新水平

针对新民油田开发管理存在的问题，以“资料全准竞赛和强化分队计量”为载体，从资料录取装置完好率、资料全准率、计量误差等指标入手，查找制约因素，划分类别，逐项解决；采取理论培训、实际操作，制度规范、整改提高和考核等一系列办法，提高员工素质，从各方面转变和提高员工的管理意识，使开发管理工作逐渐从单独的制度管理转变为自觉的管理过程，提升我厂开发管理上水平。     

A procedure to facilitate the choice of the number of factors in multi-way data analysis applied to the natural samples: Application to monitoring the thermal degradation of oils using front-face fluorescence spectroscopy

Multi-way data analysis techniques are becoming ever more widely used to extract information from data, such as 3D excitation-emission fluorescence spectra, that are structured in (hyper-) cubic arrays. Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) is very commonly applied to resolve 3D-fluorescence data and to recover the signals corresponding to the various fluorescent constituents of the sample. The choice of the appropriate number of factors to use in PARAFAC is one of the crucial steps in the analysis. When the signals in the data come from a relatively small number of easily distinguished constituents, the choice of the appropriate number of factors is usually easy and the mathematical diagnostic tools such as the Core Consistency, in general give good results. However, when the data is from a set of natural samples, the core consistency may not be a good indicator for the choice of the appropriate number of factors.In this work, Multi-way Principal Component Analysis (MPCA) and the Durbin-Watson criterion (DW) are utilized to choose the number of factors to use in PARAFAC decomposition. This is demonstrated in a case where 3D-front-face fluorescence spectroscopy is used to monitor of the evolution of naturally occurring and neo-formed fluorescent components in oils during thermal treatment.     

Citizen (dis)engagement during assessment of sports mega-events: the case of the 2013 Universiade in Kazan,Russia

Based on the environmental case of the 2013 Universiade in Kazan, this research highlights that despite the variety of tools employed for citizen engagement, the key procedures can be claimed as ‘false dialogues’. The study identifies the key factors for such a discrepancy. The main external barriers for post-socialist Russian cities include the limited time frame for building sports venues, poor execution of environmental legislation, and complicated bureaucratic procedures maintained by governmental actors. The internal factors are polarized positions in the community due to the complexity of the project, the gap between the citizen environmental concern and actual engagement in environmentally friendly behaviours associated with the lack of the environmental knowledge, time, and financial resources, lack of knowledge of the environmental impact assessment process, and dominance of the material and paternalistic values and low trust in government proponents.     

Increasing the Efficiency of Laser Heat Treatment of a Lathe Tool with Allowance for the Influence of the Cutting Regimes

A complex approach to estimation of the process of cutting with a hardened tool is proposed. The choice of factors having the strongest influence on the durability value of cutting tools upon their laser treatment has been made and the significant influence of their interaction effects has been established. An adequate mathematical model of the cutting process has been constructed. It is shown that to achieve the greatest positive effect, irradiation of cutting tools should be carried out taking into account their particular operating conditions. It is recommended to use this model under working conditions to obtain the required durability of the tool under given operating conditions.     

Processing and Microstructural Evolution of Superalloy Inconel 718 during Hot Tube Extrusion

The processing parameters of tube extrusion for superalloy Inconel 718 (IN 718), such as slug temperature, tools temperature, choice of lubricant, extrusion ratio and extrusion speed, were determined by experiment in this paper. An appropriate temperature range recommended for the slug is 1080～1120℃, and the temperature range recommended for the tools is 350～500℃. The microstructural evolution of superalloy IN 718 during tube extrusion was analyzed.With the increase of the deformation the cross crystal grains were slightly refined. While the vertical crystal grain is elongated evidently and the tensile strength increased along the axial rake. Glass lubricants have to be spread on the slug surface after being heated to 150～200℃, vegetable oil or animal oil can be used as the lubricant on the surface of the tools to reduce the extrusion force remarkably.     

环境管理体系阶段性实施指南(ISO14005)促进欧盟生态管理与审核计划(EMAS)与环境管理体系体系(ISO14001)的协调实施

ISO14005:2010《分阶段实施环境管理体系指南》国际标准融入了环境声明、环境绩效评价、环境信息交流等重要环境管理工具的使用,使得通过ISO14001环境管理体系认证的组织在附加实施标准中的一些要素后可实现与EMAS的符合.     

A fast job scheduling system for a wide range of bioinformatic applications

Bioinformatic tools are often used by researchers through interactive Web interfaces, resulting in a strong demand for computational resources. The tools are of different kind and range from simple, quick tasks, to complex analyses requiring minutes to hours of processing time and often longer than that. Batteries of computational nodes, such as those found in parallel clusters, provide a platform of choice for this application, especially when a relatively large number of concurrent requests is expected. Here, we describe a scheduling architecture operating at the application level, able to distribute jobs over a large number of hierarchically organized nodes. While not contrasting and peacefully living together with low-level scheduling software, the system takes advantage of tools, such as SQL servers, commonly used in Web applications, to produce low latency and performance which compares well and often surpasses that of more traditional, dedicated schedulers. The system provides the basic functionality necessary to node selection, task execution and service management and monitoring, and may combine loosely linked computational resources, such as those located in geographically distinct sites.     

Modelling driver behaviour towards innovative warning devices at railway level crossings

Improving safety at railway level crossings is costly and as funds are often limited, it is important to search for cost-effective, evidence-based solutions. The effect that the many existing alternative systems have on driver behaviour is not always known. This paper compares driver behaviour towards two novel warning devices (rumble strips and in-vehicle audio warning) at railway level crossings with two conventional warning devices (flashing light and stop sign). Regression models were developed to reflect driver's responses towards the four different types of devices based on data collected from a driving simulation experiment. The regression models include a binary choice model for predicting the probability of a driver stopping or driving through a railway crossing, as well as mixed regression models for predicting the moment at which a driver will produce specific behavioural responses before stopping at a crossing (e.g. initiation of accelerator release and application of foot-pedal brake). Violation results indicated the active systems produced much higher levels of driver compliance than passive devices. Contributing factors, such as age, gender, speed and types of warning devices were found significant at different approach stages to the level crossings. With the application of such behavioural models and traffic conflict techniques in microscopic simulation tools, traffic safety indicators, such as collision likelihood and time-to-collision can be estimated. From these, relative safety comparisons for the different traffic devices are derived.     

A lean environmental benchmarking (LEB) method for the management of cutting tools

Manufacturing companies are striving hard to remain competitive hence, they rely on a number of resources to meet customers’ expectations, among which cutting tools are included. This paper addresses the problems faced in the management of cutting tools activities. Production managers have highlighted the lack of procedures containing metrics and targets that would show them whether their company is able to perform an efficient management, and if it is capable of supporting the deployment process. In this context, this paper presents a novel lean environmental benchmarking (LEB) method for performing a diagnosis of practices and performances to support the implementation of a cutting tool management strategy and/or the effective management of these assets. Strategic, technical and logistical aspects are addressed, particularly, with regard to management focused on lean manufacturing and environmental aspects. Field studies were performed in nine Brazilian companies in the metal-mechanical sector to validate the LEB method proposed. The LEB method helped the participant organisations to clarify the various activities that involved the management of their cutting tools, while the field studies indicated that all nine organisations had a great concern regarding the preservations of the environment, and also an effective utilisation of resources spent for machining components.     

Human performance modelling as an aid in the process of manufacturing system design: A pilot study

Manufacturing system design is an ongoing activity within industry. Modelling tools based on Discrete Event Simulation are often used by practitioners during this design cycle. However, such tools do not adequately model the behaviour of 'direct' workers in manufacturing environments. There is an important need to expand the capability of modelling to include the relationships between human centred factors (demography, attitudes, beliefs, etc), their working environment (physical and organizational), and their subsequent performance in terms of productive routines. Therefore, this paper describes research that has formed a pilot modelling methodology that is an important first step in providing such a capability.