颈动脉粥样硬化疾病评分与高分辨率磁共振成像特征关系研究

目的探讨脑缺血患者颈动脉粥样硬化疾病评分(CAS)与颈动脉粥样硬化疾病及临床指标的相关性。方法选取近期(2周)脑梗死或短暂性脑缺血发作的患者96例进行颈动脉高分辨MRI检查。测量颈动脉斑块所致的管腔狭窄、最大管壁厚度及斑块累及范围。选取颈动脉斑块内仅含富脂质核不稳定成分的图像,使用CASCAD软件进行分析,计算CAS值,根据CAS值分为低危组和高危组。分析CAS与临床指标的相关性。结果 96例患者检测到148支颈动脉斑块内仅含富脂质核,平均CAS值(21.6±17.5)%,其中CAS 1级29支、2级52支、3级41支、4级26支。CAS值与颈动脉管腔狭窄、管壁最大厚度及斑块累及范围呈正相关(r=0.610、r=0.569和r=0.527,P0.01)。不同CAS级别颈动脉管腔狭窄、最大管壁厚度及斑块累及范围差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。CAS值与LDL及HDL/TG比值相关(r=0.469,P0.01;r=-0.269,P0.05);高危组收缩压、舒张压及LDL水平较低危组明显升高(P0.05)。结论 CAS与颈动脉粥样硬化疾病关系密切,且与脂质代谢相关。CAS级别越高,未来颈动脉斑块发生出血及纤维帽破裂的可能越大。     

短暂性脑缺血发作与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的关系

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与短暂性脑缺血发作的关系。方法应用多普勒超声技术检测84例颈内动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作患者颅外颈动脉,检测分析颅外颈动脉硬化斑块的分布、狭窄度及超声分型。并将有症状侧与无症状侧进行分析比较。结果短暂性脑缺血发作患者颅外颈动脉硬化斑块以软斑最为多见,其次为混合斑和溃疡斑,差异有显著意义(P<0.01),硬斑和扁平斑无明显差异;无症状侧斑块明显高于有症状侧斑块(60.34%比39.66%,P<0.01);且无症状侧颅外颈动脉中度以上狭窄发生率明显高于有症状侧(29.31%比6.70%,P<0.01)。结论颅外颈动脉粥样硬化是短暂性脑缺血发作发生的重要危险因素,常规进行颈动脉颅外段彩色超声检测,对短暂性脑缺血发作患者颅外颈动脉粥样硬化严重程度及病因评估有重要的参考价值。     

老年高血压患者颈动脉颅外段硬化与无症状性脑梗死

目的探讨老年原发性高血压无症状性脑梗死与颈动脉颅外段狭窄的关系。方法应用彩色多普勒超声检查仪检测老年原发性高血压合并无症状性脑梗死组(n=50)和无无症状性脑梗死组(n=114)患者的颈动脉颅外段血管管腔直径、内膜中层厚度、斑块及狭窄程度。结果老年高血压合并无症状性脑梗死组患者颈动脉颅外段狭窄的发生率及粥样硬化斑块发生率分别为92.0%和82.0%,显著高于没有无症状性脑梗死组(64.9%和58.8%;P=0.000和P=0.004);不稳定斑块发生率为38.0%,亦显著高于无无症状性脑梗死组(7.0%,P=0.000)。与脑梗死病灶同侧的颈动脉颅外段狭窄发生率为69.8%,显著高于非梗死侧(35.1%,P=0.001)。结论老年原发性高血压病合并无症状性脑梗死患者颈动脉颅外段狭窄和粥样硬化斑块,尤其是不稳定斑块有较高的发生率;颈动脉颅外段狭窄与颅内梗死病灶有同侧相关性。对老年原发性高血压病患者定期进行颈动脉彩色多谱勒超声检查,及早期发现颈动脉颅外段狭窄并采取相应措施,对预防缺血性脑血管病的发生有重要意义。     

老年高血压患者颈动脉颅外段硬化与无症状性脑梗死

目的探讨老年原发性高血压无症状性脑梗死与颈动脉颅外段狭窄的关系.方法应用彩色多普勒超声检查仪检测老年原发性高血压合并无症状性脑梗死组(n=50)和无无症状性脑梗死组(n=114)患者的颈动脉颅外段血管管腔直径、内膜-中层厚度、斑块及狭窄程度.结果老年高血压合并无症状性脑梗死组患者颈动脉颅外段狭窄的发生率及粥样硬化斑块发生率分别为92.0%和82.0%,显著高于没有无症状性脑梗死组(64.9%和58.8%;P=0.000和P=0.004);不稳定斑块发生率为38.0%,亦显著高于无无症状性脑梗死组(7.0%,P=0.000).与脑梗死病灶同侧的颈动脉颅外段狭窄发生率为69.8%,显著高于非梗死侧(35.1%,P=0.001).结论老年原发性高血压病合并无症状性脑梗死患者颈动脉颅外段狭窄和粥样硬化斑块,尤其是不稳定斑块有较高的发生率;颈动脉颅外段狭窄与颅内梗死病灶有同侧相关性.对老年原发性高血压病患者定期进行颈动脉彩色多谱勒超声检查,及早期发现颈动脉颅外段狭窄并采取相应措施,对预防缺血性脑血管病的发生有重要意义.     

颈动脉内膜剥脱术16例

动脉粥样硬化发生后,颈总动脉至颈内、颈外动脉的分叉处容易形成粥样硬化斑块性狭窄,从而导致一过性脑缺血发作(TIA)、脑梗死等.我院1998年6月-2003年12月对16例动脉粥样硬化所致颅外阻塞性脑缺血的患者施行颈动脉硬化斑块及内膜剥脱手术,疗效较好,报告如下.     

缺血性脑血管病颅内外血管的超声检测及其临床意义

目的探讨颅内外血管狭窄、动脉粥样硬化斑块与缺血性脑血管病的关系。方法收集脑梗死及短暂性缺血发作(TIA)患者158例,利用彩色多普勒超声检查,观察颅内外血管狭窄的分布及程度、动脉粥样硬化斑块的性质。结果(1)本组中51例存在颅外血管狭窄(颈动脉颅外段36例,椎动脉起始部15例);78例存在颅内动脉狭窄(狭窄动脉共181条,其中大脑中动脉81条、椎动脉远端及基底动脉48条、大脑前动脉22条、大脑后动脉21条、颈内动脉虹吸段9条)。(2)116例患者的颅外血管存在动脉粥样硬化性斑块,共374个斑块形成(稳定斑块212个,不稳定斑块162个)。结论颅外动脉狭窄以颈动脉发生率最高;颅内动脉狭窄以大脑中动脉发生率最高;颅内外动脉狭窄、动脉粥样硬化斑块与缺血性脑血管病有明显相关性。     

颅内外动脉粥样硬化程度的等级相关性

目的探讨颅内、外动脉粥样硬化程度的等级相关性。方法急性脑梗死122例行头颅3D-TOFMRA及颈动脉彩超,测量颅内动脉硬化条数、颈动脉内中膜厚度(intima-mediathickness,IMT)和管腔狭窄程度、斑块性质。结果颅内动脉粥样硬化构成比80%,颈动脉狭窄13.9%,颈动脉斑块61.5%。随着IMT增厚(Spearman相关系数0.26,P=0.004)和颈动脉斑块数量增多(Spearman相关系数为0.348,P0.001),颅内动脉粥样硬化条数有增多趋势。结论颈动脉粥样硬化程度可预测颅内动脉粥样硬化程度。     

磁共振血管成像、彩色多普勒超声及经颅多普勒在短暂性脑缺血发作中的诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振血管成像、彩色多普勒超声和经颅多普勒对短暂性脑缺血发作的诊断价值。方法90例短暂性脑缺血发作患者分别行磁共振血管成像、彩色多普勒超声及经颅多普勒检查,并进行分析。结果磁共振血管成像示76例短暂性脑缺血发作患者颅内—外动脉狭窄或闭塞;单纯颅外动脉、单纯颅内动脉、颅内—颅外动脉多发狭窄或闭塞分别为27.8%(25/90)、24.4%(22/90)和32.2%(29/90);颈内动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作组单纯颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞明显高于椎—基底动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作组(P<0.01),而椎—基底动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作组颅内—颅外动脉多发狭窄或闭塞高于颈内动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作组(P<0.05),两组单纯颅外动脉狭窄或闭塞相近。所有短暂性脑缺血发作患者中,颅外动脉狭窄或闭塞(54.1%)高于颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞(45.9%),颈内动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作组颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞(53.3%)高于颅外动脉狭窄或闭塞(46.7%),椎—基底动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作组颅外动脉狭窄或闭塞(64.1%)明显高于颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞(35.9%;P<0.05)。彩色多普勒超声示45例短暂性脑缺血发作患者有颈动脉或椎动脉狭窄或闭塞,73例有颈动脉或椎动脉斑块。72例经颅多普勒异常。结论磁共振血管成像、彩色多普勒超声及经颅多普勒联合应用可对短暂性脑缺血发作的病因作出客观评价,指导治疗。     

循环内皮祖细胞水平与缺血性脑血管患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度的相关性

目的探讨循环内皮祖细胞水平(EPCs)与缺血性脑血管(ICVD)患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度的相关性。方法选取2010年1月至2014年2月在该院神经内科收治的ICVD患者206例,其中急性脑梗死患者82例(急性脑梗死组)、短暂性脑缺血发作患者46例(短暂性脑缺血发作组)及颈动脉粥样硬化患者78例(颈动脉硬化组),另外随机选取90例本院同期健康体检者(对照组)。通过颈动脉数字减影血管造影结果判断其颈动脉的狭窄程度,采用流式细胞仪检测血液样本的EPCs水平,分析EPCs水平与ICVD患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度的相关性。结果急性脑梗死组、短暂性脑缺血发作组和颈动脉硬化组患者的EPCs水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),急性脑梗死组与短暂性脑缺血发作组患者的EPCs水平均高于颈动脉硬化组(P<0.05);对同一组而言,重度狭窄者的EPCs水平均低于轻中度狭窄者(P<0.05);急性脑梗死组、短暂性脑缺血发作组和颈动脉硬化组的EPCs水平与其颈动脉内膜中层厚度均呈负相关(r=-0.437、-0.296、-0.542,均P<0.05)。结论 EPCs水平与ICVD患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度呈负相关,可反映患者的颈动脉粥样硬化程度。     

脑梗死与颈动脉粥样斑块的相关性分析

目的探讨脑梗死与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的相关性。方法采用彩色多普勒血流成像技术对217例脑梗死患者进行检测,观察其梗死侧和非梗死侧颈动脉内中膜厚度、斑块的部位、大小及其数目、动脉狭窄程度以及血流动力学改变等,并与124例对照组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出情况进行比较。结果脑梗死组患者的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率为72.8%,显著高于对照组(25%,P<0.01)。颈动脉粥样硬化斑块多发生在脑梗死病灶的同侧,占85%,以颈总动脉分叉处居多,占58.4%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示斑块大小及其数量、峰值流速、搏动指数与脑梗死有明显的相关性(P<0.05),而颈动脉内中膜厚度、狭窄程度无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论脑梗死的发生与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块密切相关,防止斑块的形成对防止脑梗死的发生有非常重要的意义。     

64层螺旋CT检测颈动脉斑块和狭窄与前循环缺血性脑卒中的关系

目的探讨前循环颅内、外段血管斑块和狭窄分布特点及其与前循环缺血性脑卒中的关系。方法选择80例前循环缺血性脑卒中患者为实验组,另选同期60例非缺血性脑卒中患者为对照组,入院1周内检测血脂、血尿酸及64层螺旋CT血管成像,检测双侧前循环颅内、外段斑块性质及血管狭窄程度。结果与对照组比较,实验组血管狭窄检出率明显升高(73.3%vs 91.3%,P<0.01),斑块发生率明显升高(55.0%vs 90.0%,P<0.01)。与颅外段血管中重度狭窄比较,颈动脉颅内段中重度狭窄明显增高(40.0%vs 60.0%,P<0.05)。结论颈动脉内的斑块形成及血管狭窄是前循环缺血性脑卒中发生的主要病因;颈动脉颅内段血管狭窄较颅外段常见,但颈动脉颅外段血管的不稳定斑块居多。     

197例脑梗死合并2型糖尿病患者颅内外动脉狭窄的研究

目的探讨197例脑梗死合并2型糖尿病患者的颅内外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的特征。方法回顾性分析南京卒中注册系统中提取2007年3月²011年3月经数字减影血管造影术证实的脑梗死合并糖尿病患者的人口统计学特征与脑动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的分布、程度、类型及病变血管段部位等。结果 197例糖尿病合并脑梗死患者中,男性明显多于女性(68%vs 32%),发病年龄男性小于女性[(61.32±10.93)vs(67.27±10.14),P<0.05)];脑血管病变分布前循环明显多于后循环(73.2%vs 26.8%,P<0.001);颅内血管闭塞的发生率显著高于颅外血管(65.3%vs 34.7%,P<0.05);最常见的受累血管为大脑前动脉与颈内动脉颅外段;前后循环的颅内血管闭塞的分布比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.013),后循环颅内段更易发生闭塞。结论脑梗死合并2型糖尿病患者脑动脉粥样硬化性狭窄具有一定的分布特征。     

进展性脑卒中与颅内外血管病变的相关性

目的探讨症状相关侧颅内外血管狭窄程度、斑块性质与进展性脑卒中的相关性。方法将496例急性缺血性脑卒中患者分为进展性脑卒中组(进展组,120例)和非进展性脑卒中组(非进展组,376例)。采用彩色多普勒超声仪和经颅彩色多普勒超声进行检查,比较2组患者症状相关侧血管狭窄程度、斑块性质的差异。结果24.2%的患者为进展性脑卒中。症状相关侧颅内外血管中、重度狭窄,进展组为79.2%,非进展组为55.1%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(x~2=24.97,P0.01)。症状相关侧颈动脉斑块性质与脑卒中进展无相关性(x~2=2.97,P0.05)。结论进展性脑卒中的发生与症状相关侧颅内外血管狭窄程度(≥50%)密切相关,其发病机制可能与狭窄所致的低灌注有关。     

性别与症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄关系的研究

目的探讨性别与症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的关系,为颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄危险因素的研究及缺血性脑血管病的防治提供理论依据。方法回顾性分析行数字减影血管造影术检查的缺血性脑血管病患者3708例,未见明显颅内外动脉狭窄1476例,症状性颅内外动脉狭窄2232例,分析症状性颅内外动脉狭窄与性别及年龄的关系。结果症状性颅内外动脉狭窄患者中,单纯颅内动脉狭窄发生率明显高于单纯颅外动脉狭窄和颅内外动脉联合狭窄(48.3%vs 25.2%vs 26.5%),且男性比例明显大于女性(68.8%vs 31.2%,P<0.01)。与≤40岁比较,41⁶4岁、6564岁、65⁷9岁、≥80岁单纯颅内动脉狭窄比例明显降低,单纯颅外动脉狭窄、颅内外动脉联合狭窄比例明显升高(P<0.01);与4179岁、≥80岁单纯颅内动脉狭窄比例明显降低,单纯颅外动脉狭窄、颅内外动脉联合狭窄比例明显升高(P<0.01);与41⁶4岁比较,6564岁比较,65⁷9岁、≥80岁单纯颅内动脉狭窄比例明显降低,单纯颅外动脉狭窄、颅内外动脉联合狭窄比例明显升高(P<0.01)。结论中国人性别差异与症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的发生有关,男性发生率可能高于女性。症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的分布具有年龄特征性。     

Extracranial internal carotid arterial disease in children with sickle cell anemia

Background

Sickle cell anemia is one of the commonest causes of stroke in children. It is usually, but not always, associated with intracranial vasculopathy. We have assessed the value of ultrasound screening for extracranial internal carotid artery disease.

Design and Methods

Using Doppler ultrasound scanning, we assessed peak systolic blood velocity, tortuosity and stenosis in the extracranial internal carotid arteries of 236 children with sickle cell anemia. Seventeen of the children had previously had a stroke. All measurements were performed as part of routine clinical care.

Results

The median extracranial internal carotid artery velocity was 148cm/s (5^th centile 84, 95^th centile 236). Higher velocities were significantly correlated with younger age, higher white blood cell counts and higher rates of hemolysis. Fourteen (5.9%) had tortuous extracranial internal carotid arteries and 13 (5.4%) had stenosis or occlusion. None of the children with tortuous vessels but 8 of those with stenosis had previously had a stroke; the presence of stenosis was strongly associated with overt clinical stroke (OR 35.9, 95% C.I. 9.77–132, P<0.001). In 6 children, extracranial stenosis was part of extensive intracranial vasculopathy, but in 2 there was no evidence of intracranial disease. Stenosis seemed to be more common in older children.

Conclusions

Extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis is strongly associated with stroke in children with sickle cell anemia, and may explain some cases of stroke without overt intracranial vasculopathy. Doppler ultrasound scanning of extracranial internal carotid arteries is non-invasive and fairly quick to perform and may identify children at increased risk of stroke who would otherwise be missed. The value of extracranial internal carotid artery scanning should be studied prospectively.     

Outcomes for overlapping stents in the extracranial carotid artery.

Various diseases of the carotid artery are treatable by stenting. However, few reports of overlapping carotid stents exist. As a result, the indications, long-term outcomes, and potential complications of this technique remain largely unknown. We therefore present and examine a series of 11 patients treated by this unique stenting method. A retrospective single-institution review was performed for patients in whom overlapping carotid stents were placed. Only patients with imaging follow-up beyond 3 months were included. Of 38 patients who had extracranial carotid artery stents placed, 11 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria for both overlapping stents and imaging follow-up greater than 3 months (range, 0.4-3 years; mean, 1.3 years). Clinical follow-up ranged between 0.4 and 3.6 years (mean, 2.1 years). Carotid pathology within this cohort included atheromatous stenosis (n = 3), recurrent stenosis following carotid endarterectomy (n = 2) or stenting (n = 1), postirradiation angiitis (n = 1), carotid artery kink created by initial stent placement (n = 2), and both traumatic (n = 1) and neoplastic (n = 1) carotid blowout syndrome. No permanent stroke or stenting-related death occurred. Focal stenosis or intimal hyperplasia resulting in 35% or less luminal narrowing developed in three patients (27%) after tandem stenting. Overlapping stents provide a durable treatment for a variety of extracranial carotid pathologies. Clinically and hemodynamically significant (> 50%) poststenting stenosis or intimal hyperplasia did not occur in this series.     

120例颅内外脑供血动脉严重狭窄或闭塞患者全脑血管造影分析

目的 探讨颅内外脑供血动脉狭窄或闭塞患者的全脑血管造影特点.方法 对经全脑血管造影证实的120例颅内外脑供血动脉严重狭窄或闭塞病例的血管造影资料进行分析.根据年龄将患者分为青年组(6～44岁,48例)、中年组(45～59岁,41例)和老年组(≥60岁,31例).结果 全组病例共有狭窄或闭塞324处,单纯颅内动脉狭窄占47%,显著高于单纯颅外动脉狭窄占35%和颅内外狭窄并存占18%.青年组单纯颅内动脉狭窄比例为79%,显著高于中年组(29%,P<0.01)和老年组(19%,P<0.01);青年组单纯颅外血管狭窄比例为10%,显著低于中年组(46%,P<0.01)和老年组(58%,P<0.01);青年组前循环狭窄比例为97%,显著高于中年组(75%,P<0.01)和老年组(56%,P<0.01).脑梗死患者单纯颅内动脉狭窄占35%,单纯颅外动脉狭窄占42%,颅内外动脉狭窄并存占23%;短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)患者单纯颅内动脉狭窄占44%,单纯颅外动脉狭窄占39%,颅内外动脉狭窄并存占17%.82%的脑(室)出血发生于单纯颅内动脉狭窄患者.共107例患者存在梗死灶,其中99例梗死灶与动脉狭窄部位存在相关性.部分患者存在高血压、吸烟、高脂血症、高龄和糖尿病等危险因素,与狭窄分布模式有一定关系.结论 脑供血动脉狭窄的最多发部位是颈内动脉.单纯颅内动脉狭窄以青年人多见,随年龄的增长颅外动脉狭窄比例逐渐增高,颅内外动脉狭窄并存情况逐渐增多,前循环狭窄比例逐渐降低,而后循环狭窄比例逐渐升高.脑梗死、TIA和脑(室)出血患者动脉狭窄好发部位各不相同.缺血性脑血管病患者梗死灶与动脉狭窄部位密切相关.高血压对患者形成颅内外动脉狭窄影响最大,高龄和糖尿病对颅外动脉狭窄影响较大.     

急性脑梗死患者巨噬细胞趋化因子配体16与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性的关系

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者血清可溶性巨噬细胞趋化因子配体16(CXCL16)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性及预后的关系。方法选择40例急性颈内动脉系统脑梗死患者为病例组,其中稳定斑块9例和不稳定斑块31例,同期健康体检者40例为对照组,应用颈动脉超声评估颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的形态学特点,ELISA法检测2组不同时间血清CXCL16水平。结果病例组发病72h血清CXCL16水平显著高于对照组[(5.00±1.77)ng/L vs(4.28±0.74)ng/L,P<0.05];不稳定斑块患者发病72h及1周时血清CXCL16水平显著高于稳定斑块患者(P<0.01);复发患者发病72h及1周时血清CXCL16水平明显高于未复发患者[(6.24±1.26)ng/L vs(4.68±1.92)ng/L,(5.55±1.23)ng/L vs(4.25±1.51)ng/L,P<0.05]。结论血清CXCL16水平在脑梗死急性期升高,与动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定性密切相关,可能提示预后不良。     

More coronary artery stenosis,more cerebral artery stenosis? A simultaneous angiographic study discloses their strong correlation

Cerebral artery stenosis (CAS) has the same pathogenesis as coronary artery disease (CAD), but the coexistence of these two diseases has been rarely reported. To detect coexistent CAS in CAD patients, we conducted a study of simultaneous coronary and cerebral angiography. Of the 663 consecutive newly diagnosed CAD patients who had not yet been explored to have CAS, 80 were admitted to undergo angiography of bilateral carotid and vertebral system during the same procedure. We defined significant vascular stenosis, either located intracranially or extracranially, as the lesions of diameter stenosis more than 50%. Association between carotid or vertebral stenosis and their potential risk factors were also analyzed. Of our patients, 18 (22.5%) had significant extracranial vascular stenosis, 14 (17.5%) suffered from intracranial stenosis, and 20 (25%) had both. Only 28 patients (35%) had no significant intracranial or extracranial stenosis. None of the demographic parameters as hypertension or diabetes showed significant differences between the cerebral patent group and the CAS group, except for the number of coronary stenotic vessels (1.71 ± 0.81 versus 2.69 ± 0.64, P < 0.001). The number of coronary stenotic vessels is correlated well to the number of cerebral stenotic lesions (r = 0.562, P < 0.001). Besides, 8 of the cerebral stenotic patients and 2 of the cerebral patent patients had ischemic stroke previously. We conclude the CAS is coexistent in more than half of the CAD patients in this study. Our study also implies a proportional increase in the severity of CAS to CAD severity.     

DSA在短暂性脑缺血发作病因诊断中的应用

目的探讨全脑数字减影血管造影（DSA）在短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）病因诊断中的应用价值。方法选择符合TIA诊断标准的82例患者行全脑DSA检查,观察TIA患者颈内动脉和椎—基动脉系统的颅内、颅外段血管情况。结果 82例TIA患者中有血管狭窄或闭塞69例（84.15%）,单纯颅外动脉狭窄或闭塞17例（20.73%）,单纯颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞24例（29.27%）,颅内—外动脉多发性狭窄或闭塞28例（34.15%）。完全闭塞14例（17.7%）,狭窄≥70%者22例（26.83%）、30%～69%者22例（26.83%）、〈30%者11例（13.04%）,正常13例（18.85%）。狭窄部位可见粥样硬化斑块者54例（占狭窄动脉的78.26%）。按受累血管病变部位发生频率依次为颈内动脉起始处、椎动脉V1～3段、大脑中动脉、颈内动脉颅内段、椎动脉V4段、锁骨下动脉、大脑前动脉、颈总动脉、基底动脉、大脑后动脉。结论 DSA对TIA病因诊断有重要作用。TIA患者最常见的原因是脑动脉狭窄及动脉斑块,DSA可以确定TIA患者动脉狭窄程度及斑块程度。