氮掺杂Bi2O3光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化性能

以硝酸铋和六次甲基四胺为原料,采用沉淀法合成了不同氮掺杂量的Bi2O3(N-Bi2O3)粉体,并采用XRD、FT-IR、XPS、UV-Vis、PL手段对其晶相结构和光谱特征等进行了表征.研究结果表明,未掺杂Bi2O3为单斜相α-Bi2O3,氮掺杂Bi2O3则为四方相β-Bi2O3和Bi5O7NO3组成的混晶,氮原子替代了Bi2O3晶格中部分氧原子,形成了Bi N键而稳定存在.氮掺杂能促进β-Bi2O3的生成.与未掺杂Bi2O3粉体相比,氮掺杂样品的吸收带边发生了明显红移,荧光强度明显减弱.甲基橙在可见光下的降解实验表明,氮掺杂Bi2O3具有良好的可见光催化活性.     

Bi2O2CO3/TiO2复合粉体的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用水热法制备了Bi2O2CO3,并将其与TiO2进行了复合。XRD数据表明此复合光催化剂中Bi2O2CO3结晶性良好,紫外-可见漫反射光谱说明Bi2O2CO3的加入使其吸收带边有一定的红移。研究了紫外-可见光照射下Bi2O2CO3/TiO2复合光催化剂对亚甲基蓝溶液的降解性能,结果表明当Bi2O2CO3与TiO2的质量比为0.032时,得到性能最优的复合光催化剂,其光催化活性优于TiO2。     

BiOCl/Bi2O3异质结复合光催化剂的制备和光催化性能研究

以五水硝酸铋、硝酸、氢氧化钠、盐酸为原料,用盐酸浸渍法制备了盐酸与氧化铋物质的量比分别为0.3∶1、0.5∶1、0.7∶1、1∶1的BiOCl/Bi2O3异质结新型复合光催化剂。用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差热分析(TG-DSC)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对材料进行了表征。250 W高压汞灯照射下,用光催化降解罗丹明B反应来测试催化剂的光催化活性,结果表明BiOCl/Bi2O3复合光催化剂的性能明显优于单体Bi2O3。当盐酸与氧化铋物质的量比为0.7∶1时,BiOCl/Bi2O3催化剂的光催化活性最佳。最后研究了抑制剂对BiOCl/Bi2O3复合光催化剂降解罗丹明B的影响,发现三乙醇胺和碘化钾都有一定的抑制作用。     

Bi2O3对烧结LiZn铁氧体性能的影响

采用氧化物陶瓷工艺制备了掺Bi2O3的Li0.4Zn0.2Fe24O4铁氧体．用XRD、SEM、密度测试和磁性能表征，研究了Bi2O3对LiZn铁氧体性能的影响．结果表明：Bi2O3能有效抑制烧结过程中的锂挥发，促进固相反应，降低烧结温度，但过多的Bi2O3会阻止晶粒生长；适量掺杂Bi2O3可以提高LiZn铁氧体的饱和磁感应强度和矩形比，降低铁氧体的矫顽力．     

网状结构Bi2O3光催化剂的合成及其光催化性能

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O为原料,天然棉花为模板结合热处理工艺,成功合成了具有网状结构的三斜晶相Bi2O3光催化材料,利用XRD、SEM、TG-DTA和UV-Vis漫反射等技术对样品的晶型结构、形貌及吸光性能等进行了表征。以亚甲基蓝染料分子模拟环境污染物,考察了样品的光催化性能。结果表明,棉花纤维在网状Bi2O3的制备中起到了充分的诱导作用,这种网状结构是由一些直径不一的Bi2O3扁平状网线交错排列、稀疏盘结而形成。TGA分析结果表明,适当的热处理在去除棉花模板的同时可以实现Bi 3+→Bi2O3的转化。在可见光照射下,网状Bi2O3的光催化活性及重复使用性能均优于粉体Bi2O3,反应100min后,对MB的脱色率可达到93%左右,并且重复使用4次后仍可使MB的脱色率保持在85%以上。此外,对网状Bi2O3的形成机理进行了探讨。     

Bi2O3/BiOCl异质复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

本文以五水硝酸铋和氯化钾为原料,利用水热法一步制备了Bi2O3/BiOCl异质复合光催化材料,采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)对样品进行了表征。以罗丹明B为目标降解物,研究n(Bi)/n(Cl)摩尔比对合成Bi2O3/BiOCl异质复合光催化剂的形貌和光催化性能的影响。结果表明:随着n(Bi)/n(Cl)摩尔比的增加,Bi2O3/BiOCl的光催化活性显著增强,在n(Bi)/n(Cl)=1.75时,制备的Bi2O3/BiOCl异质复合光催化材料具有最高的光催化活性。     

Bi2O3-SiO2系统相图的研究

本文通过DTA和XRD研究了Bi2O3－SiO2二元系稳定相平衡和亚稳定相平衡，并绘制了该系统完整的相图，发现在稳定相图富SiO2一侧存在包晶反应L＋SiO2Bi4Si3O12，包晶等温线大约在1030℃，Bi4Si3O12确定为近一致熔融化合物，并且用淬火微结构的方法确定了包晶反应的液相线．在Bi2O3－SiO2系统的亚稳定相平衡中研究了它的析晶行为，亚稳定相Bi2SiO5冷却时在845℃左右析晶．     

ZnO-Bi2O3混合氧化物厚膜的结构和气敏性能

采用金属蒸气氧化的方法制备了针状ZnO和椭球形Bi2O3纳米颗粒作为气敏厚膜的原材料，其中得到的Bi2O3为δ相和β相的混合物．通过XRD和SEM分析了ZnO、Bi2O3以及ZnO-Bi2O3混合物厚膜的物相和表面形貌，并测试了厚膜的电导和气敏性能．结果发现纯Bi2O3对乙醇和丙酮蒸气有一定的气敏性能，表现为P型导电；与纯ZnO相比，ZnO-Bi2O3混合物厚膜对苯、甲苯和二甲苯的敏感度降低，这与厚膜晶粒尺寸增大、其晶界势垒高度增大有关，然而Bi2O3可能作为一种弱的催化剂提高了厚膜对乙醇和丙酮的敏感性能．     

液相沉淀法制备球状Bi2O3粉料

以金属铋为原料,溶解在硝酸中,配置成Bi(NO3)3溶液,用NH3-NH4HCO3作沉淀剂,调节pH值,制备Bi2O3粉料.通过控制反应温度、加料速度、反应时间以及加入适量的分散剂,制备得粒径为2～3μm、粒度分布均匀、分散性良好的超细球状Bi2O3粉料.用Bi2O3粉料制备的ZnO压敏电阻,具有压比低,方波冲击合格率高,性能一致等优点.     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3纳米纤维的制备及形成机理研究

以Bi(NO3)3 5H2O、板状钛酸(H1.07Ti1.73O4 nH2O)、NaOH为原料,采用水热法合成了具有钙钛矿结构的Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3纳米纤维.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)对产物进行表征.通过考察在200℃下水热反应不同时间的产物的相结构、微观形貌及化学组成,对Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3纳米纤维的形成机理进行了探讨.结果表明:钛酸H1.07Ti1.73O4 nH2O是一类具有层板结构的化合物,在水热反应过程中,板状钛酸的层间H3O+可与Na+、Bi3+进行离子交换,通过原位生长的方式形成了板状Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3颗粒,随着水热反应的进行,板状Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3颗粒裂解形成纳米纤维.所得的Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3纳米纤维分散性好,具有钙钛矿结构,直径为30~150 nm,长度为几个微米到十几个微米.     

Magnetic coupling in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/La0.67Sr0.33CoO3/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 sandwiches

La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ (LCMO)/La_0.67Sr_0.33CoO₃ (LSCO)/LCMO trilayer films are fabricated on single-crystal substrates NdGaO₃ (110) and the interlayer coupling are investigated. Compared with LCMO single layer, sandwiches showed the enhanced metal-insulator transition temperature of LCMO layers. The magnetoresistance is dependent on spacer thickness and the peak value dramatically decreases when LSCO layer is thick enough because of shorting by the LSCO layer. The magnetic coercivity H_C shows a nonmonotonic behavior with changing spacer layer thickness and the waist-like hysteresis indicates that there is an indirect exchange coupling between the top and bottom LCMO layers across the spacer layer.     

Varistor properties of ZnO-Pr6O11-CoO-Cr2O3-Y2O3-In2O3 ceramics

The varistor properties of the ZnO-Pr₆O₁₁-CoO-Cr₂O₃-Y₂O₃-In₂O₃ ceramics were investigated for different concentrations of In₂O₃. The increase of In₂O₃ concentration slightly increased the sintered density (5.60-5.63 g/cm³) and slightly decreased the average grain size (3.4-2.9 μm). The breakdown field increased from 6023 to 14822 V/cm with increasing concentration of In₂O₃. The nonlinear coefficient increased from 17.6 to 44.6 for up to 0.005 mol%, whereas the further doping caused it to decrease to 36.8. In₂O₃ acted as an acceptor due to the donor concentration, which decreases in the range of 1.02 × 10¹⁷ to 0.24 × 10¹⁷/cm³ with increasing concentration of In₂O₃.     

Nanocrystallization of SrBi2Nb2O9 from glasses in the system Li2B4O7---SrO---Bi2O3---Nb2O5

Transparent glasses in the system (100−x)Li₂B₄O₇–x(SrO---Bi₂O₃---Nb₂O₅) (10≤x≤60) (in molar ratio) were fabricated by a conventional melt-quenching technique. Amorphous and glassy characteristics of the as-quenched samples were established via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) respectively. Glass–ceramics embedded with strontium bismuth niobate, SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) nanocrystals were produced by heat-treating the as-quenched glasses at temperatures higher than 500 °C. Perovskite SBN phase formation through an intermediate fluorite phase in the glass matrix was confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies corroborate the observation of fluorite phase formation. The dielectric constant (_r) and the loss factor (D) for the lithium borate, Li₂B₄O₇ (LBO) glass comprising randomly oriented SBN nanocrystals were determined and compared with those predicted based on the various dielectric mixture rule formalism. The dielectric constant was found to increase with increasing SBN content in LBO glass matrix.     

Microstructures of YBa2Cu3O7/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7 bi-layers grown on (001)LaAlO3

Epitaxial YBa₂Cu₃O₇/La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ (YBCO/LCMO) bi-layers and La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃/YBa₂Cu₃O₇ (LCMO/YBCO) bi-layers were grown on (001)LaAlO₃ by pulsed laser deposition, and their microstructures were compared by transmission electron microscopy investigation. In the YBCO(100 nm)/LCMO(150 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO layer consists of columnar grains of ~ 17 nm in diameter and contains mixed orientation domains of [100]_c, [010]_c and [001]_c. The YBCO layer is totally c-axis oriented and the YBCO lattices are tilted − 2.5° to + 2.5° as they grew on the rough surfaces of LCMO columnar grains. For the LCMO(140 nm)/YBCO(140 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO/YBCO interface is sharp and flat. The initial 12-nm thickness of the YBCO layer is composed of c-axis oriented domains, and the upper part of YBCO layer is [100] oriented. The LCMO layer was predominantly [001]_c oriented while [100]_c-oriented domains were occasionally observed.     

PbSbBiS4-Sb2S3 and PbSbBiS4-Bi2S3 joins in the PbS-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 system

Phase equilibria along the PbSbBiS₄-Sb₂S₃ and PbSbBiS₄-Bi₂S₃ joins of the PbS-Sb₂S₃-Bi₂S₃ system have been studied for the first time using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, microstructural analysis, microhardness tests, and density measurements, and the phase diagrams of the joins have been mapped out. The joins are shown to be pseudobinary with limited series of terminal solid solutions. The solid solutions are p-type semiconductors.     

Characterization of YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 superlattices

We investigated the structural and superconducting properties ofc-axis oriented (YBa₂Cu₃O₇) _nY /(PrBa₂Cu₃O₇) _npr superlattices with thicknesses of the individual layers down to one unit cell (10nY1; 18>nPr 1). By transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction we find an excellent structural quality of the samples, though the quantitative analysis shows the existence of defects. In superlattices with decoupled YBa₂Cu₃O₇ layers of two unit cell thickness we find a highT _c value of 75 K. We probed the flux line structure in the superlattices by measurements of the critical current density in magnetic fields. The experiments show that the flux-line dynamics is dominated by the movement of pancake vortices.     

Syntheses of hollandite type Rb2Cr8O16, K2Cr2V6O16 and K2V8O16

Hollandite-type compounds, Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ and K₂V₈O₁₆, were synthesized under high P-T conditions up to 1200°C and 7GPa. The structural refinement using a single crystal of Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ confirms that the structure is similar to that of K₂Cr₈O₁₆. Magnetic measurements indicate that Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ is ferromagnetic below 295K, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ paramagnetic down to 77K and K₂V₈O₁₆ has susceptibility anomaly at 175K. These compounds are all semiconductive and show discontinuities in temperature-resistivity curves at points corresponding to magnetic anomalies.     

Structural study of Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6 and La0.030Sr0.255Ba0.700Nb2O6 ceramic systems

Sr_0.3Ba_0.7Nb₂O₆ (SBN) and La_0.030Sr_0.255Ba_0.700Nb₂O₆ (LSBN) ceramic compounds have been prepared using the traditional ceramic method at two different calcination temperatures (900 and 1000 °C) and later sintered both at 1400 °C. A study of the effects of the calcination temperatures and La substitution on the morphological, compositional, and structural properties of SBN and LSBN is presented using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. From Rietveld refinement processes, the XRD patterns were interpreted to evaluate such effects in the structural parameters and the site occupation factors of the heavy metals and oxygen atoms. The effect of the incorporation of La resulted in a 0.25% cell contraction and turned out to be higher than the 0.08% dilation effect produced by the increase of calcination temperature. The La ion with similar effective ionic radius and higher electronegativity is incorporated into the structure occupying the A₁ site just like the Sr ions in the SBN compound. Differences in the site occupation factors between the SBN and LSBN samples lead to substantial changes in the physical properties such as temperature of relative dielectric constant maximum, relative dielectric constant, and dielectric loss, correlated with the distortion and the relative orientation of the oxygen octahedra.     

Vapour-liquid equilibria in the ternary mixtures N2---CH4---C2H6 and N2---C2H6---C3H8

A systematic study was performed with mixtures consisting of N₂, CH₄, C₂H₆ and C₃H₈, to investigate experimentally phase equilibria and caloric properties and to test the accuracy of thermodynamic correlations. The first part of this Paper reports results of T---p---x---y measurements on ternary systems in the range 20 < p < 120 bar and 140 < T < 220 K. The results are compared with data calculated by generalized equations of state.     

The effect of Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 cover layer on the dielectric and tunable properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 bilayered thin films

Bi_1.5Zn_0.5Nb_0.5Ti_1.5O₇ (BZNT) thin films with different thicknesses as cover layers were deposited on the Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ (BST) thin films on the Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. The microstructure, surface morphology, dielectric and tunable properties of BST/BZNT heterogeneous bilayered films were investigated as a function of the thickness of BZNT films and the effect of BZNT films on the asymmetric electrical properties of BST/BZNT bilayered films was discussed. It was found that BZNT cover layer significantly improved the leakage current and the dielectric loss, and the dielectric constant and tunability of BST/BZNT bilayered thin films simultaneously decreased with the increasing thickness of BZNT films. The BST/BZNT bilayered thin film with a 50 nm BZNT cover layer gave the largest figure of merit (FOM) of 33.48 with the upper tunability of 55.38%. The asymmetric electrical behavior of BST/BZNT bilayered films is probably related to an internal electric field caused by built-in voltages at Pt/BST and BZNT/Au interfaces.