TiC/Fe表面梯度复合材料微区组织及陶瓷层磨损性能

采用灰铸铁(HT300)与厚度为0.25 mm的钛板,通过浇注法使得灰铸铁与钛板紧密结合,在真空管式炉中1 138℃保温时间8 h后,等温处理并炉冷.通过观察,在基体表面原位生成了TiC颗粒增强铁基表面梯度复合材料,对梯度复合区进行显微组织观察、显微硬度测量以及磨损性能测试.结果表明,TiC颗粒增强表面梯度复合材料大致分为三层,各层之间最大的区别是:生成的TiC颗粒的大小及形状不相同;从复合层(C区)到珠光体区显微硬度逐渐降低,显微硬度最大的区域出现在致密陶瓷层(C区).因此对TiC颗粒增强表面梯度复合材料致密陶瓷层进行了磨粒磨损试验,表明陶瓷层耐磨性比灰铸铁(HT300)有了很大程度上的提高.     

球墨铸铁轧辊表面镍基激光合金化层及其磨损性能

采用激光合金化技术在球墨铸铁QT600-3表面制备镍基合金强化层,通过XRD、SEM和摩擦磨损试验等研究了不同激光扫描速率对合金化层物相、微观结构、力学性能、常温和高温摩擦学性能的影响,并使用Raman光谱仪对磨痕进行分析。结果表明:Ni合金化层与基体冶金结合好、显微硬度高(高达720 HV0.1)、高温摩擦因数低至0.305、高温磨损率低至7.55×10^-6 g·N^-1·m^-1。随着扫描速率的增加,显微组织更加致密,显微硬度先升高后降低,700 ℃耐磨性能提高,但合金化层裂纹率增加。高温摩擦磨损过程中,合金化层的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,同时还存在疲劳磨损和氧化磨损。同时,扫描速率的增加可细化晶粒和提高显微硬度。而Ni合金化层表面在高温摩擦过程中形成的氧化产物和碳化物在高温下会对提高其耐磨性能产生积极作用。     

TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆TiC复合涂层组织和耐磨性能

采用HL-5000型横流CO2 激光加工机,在TC4钛合金表面制备了表面平整、细密、消除了裂纹与孔隙的TiC复合涂层.通过SEM、EDAX、XRD、HXD-1000TMC型显微硬度计和HT-600型高温摩擦磨损试验机,分析了熔覆层的显微组织、成分、物相,测试了激光熔覆层的显微硬度和滑动摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,激光熔覆制备的TiC复合涂层与基体呈冶金结合,涂层中有大量小块状、针状TiC颗粒和TiC树枝晶,熔覆层的显微硬度达880～ 1087 HV0.1,耐磨性能比TC4钛合金显著提高.     

Ti6Al4V合金表面氩弧熔覆原位合成TiC-TiB2增强钛基复合涂层组织与耐磨性

以B4C和Ni60A粉末为预涂材料,采用氩弧熔覆技术,在Ti6Al4V合金表面原位合成TiC与TiB₂增强相增强钛基复合材料涂层.运用XRD,SEM等分析手段研究了复合涂层的显微组织,利用显微硬度仪测试了复合涂层的显微硬度并用磨损试验机分析了其在室温干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能.结果表明,熔覆层组织主要由TiC和TiB₂组成,TiC颗粒和TiB₂颗粒弥散分布在基体上,TiC颗粒的尺寸为2~3μm,而呈长条状的TiB₂颗粒尺寸为3~5μm.显微硬度和耐磨性测试结果表明,该复合涂层显微维氏硬度高达1200MPa左右,复合涂层的耐磨性能比Ti6Al4V基体提高约20倍.     

TC4合金表面氩弧熔覆TiCp/Ti基复合涂层组织及耐磨性

利用氩弧熔覆技术在TC4合金表面制备出TiC增强的Ti基复合涂层。利用SEM、XRD和EDS分析了熔覆涂层的显微组织;利用显微硬度仪测试了复合涂层的显微硬度;利用摩擦磨损试验机测试了涂层在室温干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能。结果表明:氩弧熔覆涂层组织均匀致密,熔覆层与基体呈冶金结合,涂层中有大量的TiC树枝晶和条块状TiC颗粒;复合涂层明显改善了TC4合金的表面硬度,HV平均硬度可达9GPa;复合涂层室温干滑动磨损机制为磨粒磨损和轻微粘着磨损。     

Ti-7.5Nb-4Mo-2Sn合金碳硅元素激光表面合金化涂层的显微组织及耐磨性能

采用HL-5000型横流CO2激光器在氩气保护情况下对预置石墨和硅混合粉末的β型Ti-7.5Nb-4Mo-2Sn钛合金进行激光表面合金化处理,在合金表面原位生成碳、硅和钛的化合物改性层,并对其激光表面合金化改性层的显微组织和耐磨性能进行研究。结果表明,在激光功率1200 W、激光扫描速度6 mm/s、激光束斑直径5 mm条件下,得到表面平整、细密、无裂纹且与基体形成良好冶金结合的激光表面合金化改性层;改性层外表面主要由细小的TiC颗粒和等轴状Ti5Si3C1-x组成,而靠近基体的内表面层则由TiC枝晶相和共晶组织(Ti3SiC2+β-Ti)组成;改性层外表面硬度可达1262HV0.2,摩擦因数约为0.649,而基体的硬度约为225HV0.2,摩擦因数约为1.039;与基体合金相比,基体的表面合金化改性层表现出良好的耐磨性能。     

超声冲击对65Mn钢渗铬层摩擦磨损性能的影响

目的 提高65Mn钢的固体粉末渗铬层厚度和耐磨性能。方法 对65Mn钢进行超声冲击（UI）和固体粉末渗铬（SPC）相结合的复合工艺处理。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱仪（EDS）,研究UI+SPC复合工艺处理后65Mn渗铬层的物相结构、厚度及元素分布。通过显微维氏硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机研究渗铬层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能。结果 SPC处理试样的渗层厚度约为45μm,UI+SPC复合工艺处理试样的渗层厚度约为58μm,相比SPC试样,渗层厚度提高了13μm。渗铬层表面均匀致密,主要相组成为（Cr,Fe）₂₃C₆、（Cr,Fe）₇C₆、Cr₂C。UI+SPC试样渗层表面硬度达1659HV,约为基体表面硬度的6倍,且硬度从表面至心部呈梯度下降。UI+SPC试样表面渗铬层具有较好的耐磨性能,平均摩擦系数为0.170,磨损量约为基材的1/4,其主要磨损机理为粘着磨损和氧化磨损,伴随着磨粒磨损。结论 UI可有效提高SPC工艺的Cr原子扩散性能,提高渗...     

SUJ2表面等离子Cu合金化层的组织及摩擦性能研究

为提高SUJ2的减摩效果和耐磨性,利用等离子束表面合金化技术在SUJ2表面制备Cu颗粒合金化层,研究了不同主弧电流(70、90、110 A)对合金化层的组织与摩擦性能的影响。结果表明:低电流下,无合金化层形成,热影响区的显微组织主要为隐晶马氏体、残余奥氏体和球状碳化物;随着电流增大,出现合金化层,组织为片状马氏体和残余奥氏体,并伴随Cu颗粒溶入。通过显微硬度测试发现合金化层硬度相比于基体硬度提高约4倍。由磨损试验可知,室温下与基体试验相比,合金化试样的摩擦因数降低约29.7%~42.8%,磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和少量粘着磨损。综合比较各个试样的显微硬度和摩擦因数,主弧电流为90 A时试验的摩擦性能最佳。     

以蔗糖为前驱体火焰喷涂原位TiC增强Ni基复合涂层的制备

以蔗糖为碳源,采用前驱体热分解技术制备Ni-Ti-C系反应热喷涂混合粉末,通过氧乙炔火焰喷涂技术合成并同时沉积原位TiC颗粒增强的Ni基合金复合涂层.利用XRD和SEM研究混合粉末和涂层的相成分和组织结构,分析TiC/Ni复合涂层的硬度和耐磨性.结果表明:反应火焰喷涂TiC/Ni复合涂层主要由TiC和Ni基体组成,并含少量的Ni3Ti和Ti3O5;涂层由复合强化片层相瓦叠加而成,复合强化片层中TiC颗粒均匀分布于Ni基体中,TiC颗粒呈球形,粒度达到亚微米级:涂层具有较高的硬度和耐磨性,复合强化片层显微硬度为FIV0.21433,涂层的耐磨性能远优于基板材料45号钢和对比涂层Ni60的耐磨性.     

表面等离子W-Mo合金化对粉末冶金齿轮组织成分及耐磨性能的影响

目的 通过表面等离子W-Mo合金化提高粉末冶金齿轮硬度与耐磨性能.方法 采用双层辉光等离子表面冶金技术,在粉末冶金齿轮表层制备W-Mo合金层.通过扫描电镜和能谱仪分析合金层的表面形貌和化学成分,用显微维氏硬度仪测量基体与合金层的显微硬度,通过不同载荷下往复式摩擦磨损实验研究等离子W-Mo合金化对粉末冶金齿轮耐磨性能的影响.结果 通过双辉等离子冶金技术在粉末冶金齿轮表面成功制备了W-Mo合金层,合金层与基体为冶金结合.经双辉等离子表面W-Mo合金化后的基体的平均显微硬度由之前的145.8HV0.1提升至344.4HV0.1,提升了约1.4倍.不同载荷下的摩擦磨损实验结果表明,经W-Mo合金化后,试样摩擦系数由0.6～0.7降至0.45～0.5左右,下降了约30％.随着载荷的增加,基体与合金层的磨损体积增加,比磨损率由基体的18.70×10?5～36.16×10?5 mm3/(N·m)降至合金层的2.99×10?5～8.79×10?5 mm3/(N·m),约下降74％～84％.基体存在磨料磨损和粘着磨损现象,而W-Mo合金层则表现出轻微的磨料磨损.结论 W-Mo合金层显著提升了粉末冶金齿轮的硬度和耐磨性.表面等离子W-Mo合金化为粉末冶金齿轮的表面强化工艺提供了新的技术思路.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.