PKM2对乳腺癌细胞有氧糖酵解、增殖和凋亡的影响

[目的]探讨siRNA介导的PKM2基因沉默对乳腺癌细胞中有氧糖酵解、细胞增殖和凋亡产生的影响。[方法]荧光定量PCR检测乳腺癌细胞转染siRNA-PKM2的效率,葡萄糖和乳酸试剂盒及Western Blot检测细胞的糖酵解能力,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖能力,Western Blot检测细胞的凋亡状况。[结果]与对照组相比,转染PKM2的siRNA 48h后,细胞摄取葡萄糖量及乳酸分泌量均明显降低(P0.05),两种与糖酵解相关的蛋白Glut1和PFK-1表达量均降低;细胞增殖速率减慢(P0.05);抗凋亡蛋白bcl-x L蛋白表达降低,促凋亡蛋白caspase-9蛋白表达增多。[结论]siRNA介导的PKM2基因沉默能抑制乳腺癌细胞的有氧糖酵解及增殖能力,并促进细胞凋亡。     

MiR-206与ANXA2的3′UTR靶向结合抑制乳腺癌侵袭

膜联蛋白A2（annexin A2,ANXA2）可促进人结直肠癌的侵袭和迁移。然而,ANXA2在乳腺癌中的作用以及调节机制尚缺乏系统的研究。本研究旨在探讨微小RNA-206（microRNA-206,miR-206）如何调节ANXA2基因的表达,进而影响乳腺癌的侵袭。通过基因预测软件TargetScan (TargetScan V5.2)找到与ANXA2的3′UTR区互补结合的miR-206。运用实时定量 PCR（qRT-PCR）检测不同乳腺癌细胞系中miR-206的表达水平,发现低侵袭性乳腺癌MCF-7细胞株miR-206 表达量明显高于高侵袭性乳腺癌细胞株MDA-231、MDA-435和T47D。运用转染技术将 miR-206 质粒及miR-206 抑制剂转入乳腺癌细胞系MDA-231后,qRT-PCR检测转染后各组细胞中miR-206的表达情况,结果显示转染成功。用Western印迹法检测各组细胞中ANXA2的表达情况,结果显示,miR-206负向调控ANXA2蛋白的表达。 qRT-PCR显示,过表达乳腺癌细胞内miR-206 后,ANXA2 mRNA基本没有变化。结果显示,miR-206是在翻译水平上影响ANXA2蛋白的表达。荧光素酶实验显示：miR-206能特异性地与ANXA2 mRNA的3′UTR结合,抑制其荧光素酶活性。Transwell侵袭实验检测各组细胞的侵袭能力。结果显示,过表达miR-206后,乳腺癌细胞体外侵袭能力明显减弱。综上所述,miR-206 通过靶向结合癌基因ANXA2 mRNA的3′UTR区,抑制ANXA2蛋白翻译,从而抑制了乳腺癌细胞的侵袭。因此,miR-206有望成为抑制乳腺癌侵袭与治疗乳腺癌的新靶点和生物学标记物。     

MiR-27靶基因的分析及鉴定

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类约20～25nt的小分子核苷酸,在细胞内的多种生物学过程,如细胞增殖、凋亡、生长、分化和代谢等过程中具有重要的功能。已知miR-27在脂肪细胞和肌肉细胞的发育过程中起了重要作用,其在神经细胞中的表达调节至今仍不清楚。在本研究中,通过miRBase和TargetScan数据库分析了miR-27的靶基因,构建了miR-27的真核表达载体,改造了萤火虫荧光素酶和海肾荧光素酶报告载体,将miR-27的靶基因Bmi1的3′-UTR融合到报告载体中,转染神经胶质瘤细胞,利用双荧光素酶检测系统分析荧光素酶的活性。研究发现miR-27a和miR-27b共同的靶基因主要调节发育过程。MiR-27真核表达载体能产生成熟态的miR-27。MiR-27a、miR-27b或miR-27a和miR-27b联合与Bmi1的3′-UTR的正义序列共转染U343细胞能明显降低萤火虫荧光素酶的活性(分别P0.05,P0.05,P0.01),这提示了Bmi1可能为miR-27的靶基因。     

miR-125a-5p通过靶向调控GAB2抑制乳腺癌细胞的迁移能力

miR-125a-5p可负性调节GAB2表达,抑制胶质瘤细胞的侵袭和转移。本研究旨在证明miR-125a-5p抑癌作用的普遍性,即miR-125a-5p是否可通过靶向抑制GAB2抑制乳腺癌细胞的迁移。荧光素酶实验结果显示,miR-125a-5p可特异识别GAB2的3′-UTR,抑制报告酶的表达。荧光定量PCR结果揭示,与正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A比较,miR-125a-5p在乳腺癌细胞MDA231和MCF-7中的表达明显降低;与迁移能力相对较低的MCF-7细胞比较,miR-125a-5p在迁移能力较高的MDA231细胞中的表达量更低。Western 印迹结果证明,与空载体（对照）和anti-miR125a 5p转染细胞比较,转染miR-125a-5p明显抑制GAB2蛋白在乳腺癌细胞中的表达。Transwell结果显示,与空载体转染的对照细胞比较,转染miR-125a-5p的乳腺癌细胞穿过基质胶的细胞数明显减少;相反,转染anti-miR125a-5p的细胞穿过基质胶的细胞数却明显增多。上述结果提示,miR-125a-5p在正常的乳腺细胞中高表达,而在乳腺癌细胞中低表达,其表达水平与癌细胞的迁移能力和GAB2表达呈反向关系。本研究结果还提示,miR-125a-5p通过靶向负调控GAB2抑制乳腺癌细胞的迁移能力。总之,本研究证明,miR-125a-5p在肿瘤中发挥抑癌作用。     

miR-130a靶向G3BP2促进乳腺癌侵袭

目的探讨基因预测软件Targetscan预测到的微小RNA-130a如何调节GTP酶激活蛋白SH3功能区结合蛋白2(GTPase activating protein SH3 binding protein 2,G3BP2)的表达,进而影响乳腺癌细胞的侵袭。方法应用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测正常乳腺上皮及乳腺癌细胞系中miR-130a的表达水平;蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测改变miR-130a表达水平对乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7和MDA-MB-231中G3BP2及上皮间质转化(epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition,EMT)相关蛋白的影响;双荧光素酶报告基因实验检测miR-130a是否能与G3BP2靶向结合,以及Transwell侵袭实验检测miR-130a表达水平与MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞侵袭能力的关系。结果 qRT-PCR显示miR-130a表达量在高侵袭乳腺癌细胞株明显高于低侵袭乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7及正常乳腺上皮细胞;Western blot检测显示,miR-130a负向调控G3BP2的表达并促进乳腺癌细胞发生EMT;qRT-PCR显示改变乳腺癌细胞内miR-130a表达后G3BP2 mRNA基本没有变化;双荧光素酶报告基因结果显示,miR-130a能与G3BP2 mRNA的3’UTR结合;Transwell侵袭实验显示,miR-130a促进乳腺癌细胞的体外侵袭。结论 miR-130a通过靶向结合G3BP2 mRNA的3’UTR区,在翻译水平抑制G3BP2表达后促进乳腺癌细胞发生EMT,从而促进乳腺癌细胞的侵袭。     

家蚕miR-301对化学感受蛋白基因csp9表达的调控

【目的】探索家蚕Bombyx mori miRNAs对化学感受蛋白基因表达的调控作用,以进一步研究miRNAs及其靶基因在昆虫化学识别中的作用。【方法】利用生物信息学方法预测和筛选可能作用于家蚕化学感受蛋白CSPs基因家族成员的miRNAs;实时荧光定量PCR分析预测获得的候选miR-301和其作用的靶基因在家蚕成虫不同组织中的表达变化;构建miR-301预测靶基因3′-UTR的双荧光素酶报告载体,与合成的miR-301 mimics或阴性对照转染人胚肾细胞HEK293,通过双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统中荧光素酶活性变化检测miR-301对其靶基因表达的调控作用。【结果】生物信息学分析结果发现,家蚕化学感受蛋白基因csp9是miR-301的预测靶基因,二者的结合位点位于csp9的3′-UTR区。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果表明,miR-301在交配后家蚕雌雄成虫触角和雄成虫头部都显著上调表达,靶基因csp9在对应组织中表达则显著下调。二者共转染HEK293细胞后,双荧光素酶检测结果表明,miR-301可以通过与csp9 3′-UTR的互作,显著抑制上游荧光素酶报告基因的表达。【结论】家蚕化学感受蛋白基因csp9是miR-301的靶基因,miR-301通过与靶基因3′-UTR的结合,在翻译水平上抑制csp9的表达。     

miR-449a对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖及迁移能力的影响

目的：通过敲低微小RNA （microRNA,miRNA）-449a的方法研究miR-449a对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的增殖和迁移能力的影响。方法：采用miRNA芯片在乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和人正常乳腺细胞MCF-10A筛选具有表达差异的miRNA;化学合成法制备miR-449a的抑制剂（inhibitor）,转染后经real-time PCR验证表达的变化;细胞增殖CCK-8实验对转染后细胞增殖能力进行检测;划痕实验检测细胞转移能力,transwell小室实验检测细胞侵袭的改变;蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）实验对MCF-7细胞增殖和迁移相关的β-catenin和E-cadherin蛋白进行检测;通过生物信息学软件预测miR-449a潜在靶基因为Notch 1,荧光素酶实验检测Notch 1是miR-449a的靶基因。结果：分别收集MCF-7和MCF-10A细胞,芯片结果显示miR-449a在MCF-7细胞的表达水平显著高于MCF-10A;本研究将细胞分为未处理组（Mock组）,阴性对照组（negative control组,NC组）和处理组,通过收集不同组MCF-7细胞进行试验,CCK-8结果显示miR-449a下调后MCF-7细胞增殖能力显著降低;划痕实验结果显示miR-449a表达降低导致MCF-7细胞转移能力降低;transwell实验结果显示MCF-7细胞侵袭受到抑制;Western blot结果发现miR-449a敲低后β-catenin表达降低,E-cadherin表达增加;荧光素酶试验结果显示,miR-449a能够显著降低Notch 1-3'-UTR质粒的荧光素活性（P<0.01）。结论：在乳腺癌细胞MCF-7中敲低miR-449a能够显著抑制癌细胞增殖和迁移,而这一变化可能通过降低Notch 1蛋白表达实现的。     

鸡miR-19a、miR-19b通过靶向抑制LIN9促进前脂肪细胞增殖

miR-17-92基因簇编码包括miR-19a、miR-19b在内的至少6个miRNA,在鸡细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡及发育等多种生物学过程中发挥重要作用,但其作用机制尚不清楚。生物信息学分析显示,细胞周期调控子LIN9是 miR-17-92 基因簇成员miR-19a和miR-19b的潜在靶点。为验证这一预测,构建含野生型LIN9 3′-UTR荧光素酶报告基因载体（psi-CHECK2-LIN9-3′-UTR-WT）及突变型报告基因载体（psi-CHECK2-LIN9-3′-UTR-MUT）,开展靶标LIN9的鉴定。复合转染结合报告基因酶活性测定结果表明,过表达miR-19a和miR-19b能显著抑制含野生型LIN9 3′-UTR的报告基因表达,而过表达miR-19a和miR-19b抑制剂显著提高野生型LIN9 3′-UTR报告基因的表达。实时定量PCR（RT-qPCR）证明,miR-19a和miR-19b 抑制剂对内源性LIN9 mRNA的表达没有影响,提示miR-19a和miR-19b可能不是通过降解mRNA调控LIN9表达。转染结合CCK-8细胞增殖分析显示,在鸡前脂肪细胞过表达LIN9 明显抑制细胞增殖。与此相一致的是,细胞增殖标志分子CyclinD1、c-Myc、PCNA、Ki67 的mRNA表达量明显降低。本研究证实,LIN9是miR-17-92 基因簇成员miR-19a和miR-19b的靶标,同时证实,LIN9抑制鸡前脂肪细胞的增殖。是否miR-17-92基因簇编码的其它mi-RNA成员也以LIN9为靶标尚不得而知,我室正在研究中。     

miR-200c抑制人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞糖代谢

为探讨miR-200c对人乳腺癌MCF-7 (Michigan cancer foundation-7)细胞糖代谢水平的影响,本研究使用miR-200c mimics转染MCF-7细胞,通过定量即时聚合酶链锁反应(quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, qRT-PCR)检测各组细胞miR-200c的表达水平;利用细胞计数盒(cell counting kit-8, CCK-8)检测miR-200c mimics转染对MCF-7细胞增殖的影响;通过葡萄糖试剂盒检测各组细胞葡萄糖的消耗,乳酸试剂盒检测各组细胞乳酸的释放量;通过蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)检测各组细胞糖代谢相关酶己糖激酶(hexokinase 2, HK2)以及肌肉丙酮酸激酶同工酶2 (pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2, PKM2)蛋白表达水平。与miR-NC组相比,miR-200c mimics转染明显上调MCF-7细胞miR-200c m RNA水平;且miR-NC组和MCF-7组miR-200c mRNA水平没有明显差异;细胞计数盒(cell counting kit-8, CCK-8)检测结果显示,与miR-NC组和MCF-7组相比,miR-200c mimics转染不仅明显降低乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的细胞活力,而且显著减少乳腺癌MCF-7细胞葡萄糖的消耗;此外,Western blotting结果显示,miR-200c显著下调MCF-7细胞糖代谢相关酶HK2和PKM2的表达。综上结果表明,miR-200c会抑制人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞糖代谢。本研究成果为乳腺癌防治提供一定的参考价值。     

miR-191靶向BDNF基因通过激活PI3K/AKT信号通路促进猪未成熟支持细胞增殖

睾丸支持细胞数量是影响精子生成能力的主要因素之一,micro RNA (miRNA)参与调控猪未成熟支持细胞的发育过程,然而,大多数被鉴定出的miRNA对支持细胞的作用及其机制尚不明确。基于本课题组前期高内涵筛选结果,本文进一步通过流式细胞术、蛋白免疫印迹和双荧光素酶报告基因等方法,研究了miR-191调控猪未成熟支持细胞增殖和凋亡的作用机理。结果表明:过表达miR-191显著促进细胞周期由G1期进入S期和G2期,细胞增殖能力显著增强,细胞凋亡率显著降低;而抑制表达miR-191则与之相反。双荧光素酶报告基因系统验证miR-191直接靶向BDNF基因3′-UTR。抑制表达BDNF基因促进细胞周期进入S期,并促进细胞增殖而抑制细胞凋亡,与过表达miR-191的作用一致。共转染试验结果显示,BDNF基因可以拮抗miR-191对细胞增殖和凋亡的调控作用。此外,过表达miR-191和抑制表达BDNF基因均可显著促进PI3K/AKT信号通路中关键蛋白PI3K和AKT的磷酸化水平,且BDNF基因同样拮抗miR-191对PI3K和AKT蛋白的调控作用。本研究结果证实miR-191靶向BDNF基因,通过激活PI3K/AKT信号通路促进猪未成熟支持细胞增殖且抑制其凋亡,为进一步解析miR-191调控猪精子生成的生物学功能提供了理论基础。     

GPER mediated estradiol reduces miR-148a to promote HLA-G expression in breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most common malignant diseases in women. miR-148a plays an important role in regulation of cancer cell proliferation and cancer invasion and down-regulation of miR-148a has been reported in both estrogen receptor (ER) positive and triple-negative (TN) breast cancer. However, the regulation mechanism of miR-148a is unclear. The role of estrogen signaling, a signaling pathway is important in development and progression of breast cancer. Therefore, we speculated that E2 may regulate miR-148a through G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER). To test our hypothesis, we checked the effects of E2 on miR-148a expression in ER positive breast cancer cell MCF-7 and TN cancer cell MDA-MB-231. Then we used GPER inhibitor G15 to investigate whether GPER is involved in regulation of E2 on miR-148a. Furthermore, we analyzed whether E2 affects the expression of HLA-G, which is a miR-148a target gene through GPER. The results showed that E2 induces the level of miR-148a in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, GPER mediates the E2-induced increase in miR-148a expression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and E2-GPER regulates the expression of HLA-G by miR-148a. In conclusion, our findings offer important new insights into the ability of estrogenic GPER signaling to trigger HLA-G expression through inhibiting miR-148a that supports immune evasion in breast cancer.     

Estradiol enhances liposome-mediated uptake, preferential nuclear accumulation and functional expression of exogenous genes in MDA-MB231 breast tumor cells.

Exposure of p53 mutated estrogen-receptor-negative MDA-MB231 human breast tumor cells to a pharmacological concentration of estradiol enhances liposome-mediated uptake and expression of SV-40 luciferase. Unexpectedly, the effect of estradiol on SV-40 expression is evident even when estradiol exposure occurs after the initial uptake phase; this suggests that estradiol may influence gene expression by mechanisms other than increasing gene uptake alone, such as altering the intracellular distribution of the gene. We determined that while uptake of SV-40 luciferase is increased only three-fold by estradiol, there is a 30-fold increase in the nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio of the gene. In order to demonstrate that the influence of estradiol on gene uptake and expression is translated into a functional response, the effects of estradiol on the function of an exogenous gene, in this case the apoptotic function of p53, were assessed in the p53 mutated MDA-MB231 breast tumor cell. While liposome-mediated delivery of CMV-p53 alone was ineffective in promoting cell death, incubation with estradiol and the liposomal p53 complex resulted in a two-fold increase in cell killing over that observed in cells transfected with the corresponding mock vector (empty vector for p53). Evidence that cell killing was occurring through apoptosis included apoptotic body formation, cell shrinkage and an increase in fluorescence after terminal transferase end-labeling. The capacity of estradiol to promote apoptosis in MDA-MB231 cells by a p53-liposome complex is likely to be related to the preferential redistribution of the gene from the cytoplasm to the nucleus which could occur during both the uptake and post-uptake phases. Consequently, although direct effects on gene expression, and the stability of message and protein cannot be ruled out, the predominant effect of estradiol in this experimental system appears to be to influence DNA translocation from the cytoplasm to the cell nucleus.     

Direct Interaction of CD40 on Tumor Cells with CD40L on T Cells Increases the Proliferation of Tumor Cells by Enhancing TGF-β Production and Th17 Differentiation

It has recently been reported that the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interaction is important in Th17 development. In addition, transforming growth factor—beta (TGF-β) promotes tumorigenesis as an immunosuppressive cytokine and is crucial in the development of Th17 cells. This study investigated the role of CD40 in breast cancer cells and its role in immunosuppressive function and tumor progression. CD40 was highly expressed in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231, and its stimulation with CD40 antibodies caused the up-regulation of TGF-β. Direct CD40-CD40L interaction between MDA-MB231 cells and activated T cells also increased TGF-β production and induced the production of IL-17, which accelerated the proliferation of MDA-MB231 cells through the activation of STAT3. Taken together, the direct CD40-CD40L interaction of breast tumor cells and activated T cells increases TGF-β production and the differentiation of Th17 cells, which promotes the proliferation of breast cancer cells.     

MiR-5047在乳腺癌细胞增殖迁移中的作用及表达调控*

探讨miR-5047在乳腺癌细胞中的表达及其在乳腺癌细胞增殖和迁移中的作用,并明确地西他滨在miR-5047表达调控中的作用。通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测人乳腺癌细胞系和正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF10A中miR-5047的表达水平;将miR-5047模拟物(mimic),阴性对照(NC)分别转染至MDA-MB-231和MCF7细胞,经平板克隆实验、MTT实验、划痕愈合实验检测乳腺癌细胞的增殖和迁移能力,通过qRT-PCR和Western blot检测相关基因表达及蛋白水平。使用浓度5 μmol/L和10 μmol/L的地西他滨分别处理MDA-MB-231和MCF-7细胞,经qRT-PCR检测不同浓度和处理时间条件下地西他滨对miR-5047表达的影响。同时,通过形态观察和Western blot检测地西他滨对乳腺癌细胞上皮间质转化的影响。与正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A相比,miR-5047在乳腺癌细胞中表达均显著下调。miR-5047过表达可显著抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖和迁移,促进上皮细胞标志物E-cadherin的表达,抑制间质细胞标志物Vimentin的表达。不同浓度地西他滨处理MDA-MB-231和MCF7细胞后,miR-5047表达均增强,且10 μmol/L作用48 h效果最显著。地西他滨可诱导MDA-MB-231细胞向上皮样转变。miR-5047在乳腺癌细胞系中表达显著下调,过表达miR-5047可抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖和迁移,地西他滨可促进乳腺癌细胞中miR-5047的表达,并诱导细胞向上皮样转变。     

Vacuolar ATPase driven potassium transport in highly metastatic breast cancer cells

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women and thus has received a great deal of attention by researchers. Recent studies suggested decreased occurrence of cancer in patients treated with cardiac glycosides (CGs) for heart conditions. Because CGs induce their cellular effects via the Na⁺, K⁺ ATPase (Na–K), we treated four breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB453, and MDA-MB231) and a non-cancerous breast ductal epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) with ouabain, a well-characterized CG, and measured cell proliferation by measuring bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Ouabain (1 μM) decreased cell proliferation in all cell lines studied except MDA-MB453 cells. Western blot of Na–K α and β subunits showed α1, α3, and β1 expression in all cell lines except MDA-MB453 cells where Na–K protein and mRNA were absent. Potassium uptake, measured as rubidium (⁸⁶Rb) flux, and intracellular potassium were both significantly higher in MDA-MB453 cells compared to MCF-10A cells. RT-qPCR suggested a 7 fold increase in voltage-gated potassium channel (KCNQ2) expression in MDA-MB453 cells compared to MCF-10A cells. Inhibition of KCNQ2 prevented cell growth and ⁸⁶Rb uptake in MDA-MB453 cells but not in MCF-10A cells. All cancer cells had significantly higher vacuolar H-ATPase (V-ATPase) activity than MCF-10A cells. Inhibition of V-ATPase decreased ⁸⁶Rb uptake and intracellular potassium in MDA-MB453 cells but not in MCF-10A cells. The findings point to the absence of Na–K, high hERG and KCNQ2 expression, elevated V-ATPase activity and sensitivity to V-ATPase inhibitors in MDA-MB453. We conclude that cancer cells exhibit fundamentally different metabolic pathways for maintenance of intracellular ion homeostasis.     

Oncogenic microRNA-765 promotes the growth and metastasis of breast carcinoma by directly targeting ING4

Previous investigations have proved that microRNA (miR)-765 is significantly overexpressed in multiple tumor types. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanism of miR-765 in mediating breast carcinoma cell growth and metastasis remains unclear. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the levels of miR-765 and inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4) in breast carcinoma tissues and breast carcinoma cells. Cell proliferation, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell invasion assays were used to analysis the role of miR-765 on breast carcinoma cell growth and aggressiveness. The expressions of ING4 were determined using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. The direct target of ING4 and miR-765 was confirmed using the luciferase reporter assay. Nude mice were subcutaneously implanted with miR-765 inhibitor transfected MDA-MB-231 cells to determine the potential role of miR-765 in tumor growth in vivo. We observed that miR-765 is overexpressed in breast carcinoma tissue and breast cancer cells. By using luciferase reporter gene bioassay, we find that ING4 is the direct target of miR-765 in breast carcinoma. The level of ING4 is inversely associated with the level of miR-765. The gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments in vitro indicate that the downregulation of miR-765 suppresses the growth, mobility, and invasion abilities of breast cancer cells by inhibiting ING4. In addition, overexpression of ING4 suppresses the aggressiveness of the MDA-BA-231 cell that is induced by miR-761 in vitro. In this study, we prove that miR-765 regulates the growth and metastasis of breast cancer via modulating miR-765-ING4-negative feedback loop.