多智能体搜寻者优化算法在电力系统无功优化中的应用

针对无功优化这个典型的非线性问题,提出了一种基于多Agent系统的搜寻者优化算法MASOA (Multi-agent Seeker Optimization Algorithm)来求解.该算法针对SOA算法邻域划分随意性较大,融入智能体技术,在改进SOA算法邻域划分合理性的同时,提高粒子寻优的准确度;利用SOA算法的进化机制,引入自适应思想,使新算法具有良好的非线性搜索能力,更好地适应无功优化问题.以网损最小为目标函数,在IEEE 30节点系统上进行测试,并与四种智能算法进行比较,结果表明,MASOA在算法计算精度、收敛稳定性、寻优时间等方面都具有普遍优势,能有效地应用于电力系统无功优化中.     

Optimal reactive power dispatch using an adaptive genetic algorithm

This paper presents an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) for optimal reactive power dispatch and voltage control of power systems. In the adaptive genetic algorithm, the probabilities of crossover and mutation, p_c and p_m, are varied depending on the fitness values of the solutions and the normalized fitness distances between the solutions in the evolution process to prevent premature convergence and refine the convergence performance of genetic algorithms. The AGA applied for optimal power system reactive power dispatch is evaluated on an IEEE 30-bus power system in which the control of bus voltages, tap position of transformers and reactive power sources are involved to minimize the transmission loss of the power system.     

基于协同粒子群优化算法的电力系统无功优化

为了解决粒子算法应用在电力系统无功优化中存在的问题,提出了一种改进的协同粒子优化算法.笔者根据电力系统无功优化问题非线性、不连续、大范围以及电压等级增多、无功优化控制变量较多的特点,建立了改进的协同粒子优化算法无功优化的数学模型,并将协同粒子群算法在无功优化中进行了应用.算例结果表明,该算法有效地改善了粒子群算法的局部收敛问题,缩短了搜索时间,提高了准确性.     

Comparative seeker and bio-inspired fuzzy logic controllers for power system stabilizers

Seeker optimization algorithm (SOA) is a new heuristic population-based search algorithm. In this paper, SOA is utilized to tune the parameters of both single-input and dual-input power system stabilizers (PSSs). In SOA, the act of human searching capability and understandings are exploited for the purpose of optimization. In SOA-based optimization, the search direction is based on empirical gradient by evaluating the response to the position changes and the step length is based on uncertainty reasoning by using a simple fuzzy rule. Conventional PSS (CPSS) and the three dual-input IEEE PSSs (namely PSS2B, PSS3B and PSS4B) are optimally tuned to obtain the optimal transient performances. From simulation study it is revealed that the transient performance of the dual-input PSS is better than the single-input PSS. It is further explored that among the dual-input PSSs, PSS3B offers the best optimal transient performance. While comparing the SOA with recently reported optimization algorithms like bacteria foraging optimization (BFO) and genetic algorithm (GA), it is revealed that the SOA is more effective than either BFO or GA in finding the optimal transient performance. Sugeno fuzzy logic (SFL)-based approach is adopted for on-line, off-nominal operating conditions. On real time measurements of system operating conditions, SFL adaptively and very fast yields on-line, off-nominal optimal stabilizer parameters.     

电力系统经济负荷分配的量子粒子群算法

本文首次将量子粒子群算法用于电力系统经济负荷分配中。该算法是以粒子群中粒子的收敛特性为基础,依据量子物理理论提出的,改变了传统粒子群算法的搜索策略,可使粒子在整个可行解空间中搜索寻求全局最优解。同时该算法的进化方程中不需要速度向量,而且进化方程的形式更简单,参数较少且容易控制。对两个算例进行仿真测试,证实该算法可有效解决经济负荷分配问题;性能对比显示,该算法求得的解优于已有的改进粒子群算法及其它优化算法所求得的解。本文为量子粒子群算法用于经济负荷分配的实用化研究奠定了必要的理论基础。     

Quantum genetic algorithm for dynamic economic dispatch with valve-point effects and including wind power system

An optimization algorithm is proposed in this paper to solve the problem of the economic dispatch that includes wind power generation using quantum genetic algorithm (QGA). In additional to the detail introduction for models of general economic dispatch as well as their associated constraints, the effect of wind power generation is also included in this paper. On the other hand, the use of quantum genetic algorithms to solve the process of economic dispatch is also discussed and real scenarios are used for simulation tests later on. After comparing the algorithm used in this paper with several other algorithms commonly used to solve optimization problems, the results show that the algorithm used in this paper is able to find the optimal solution most quickly and accurately (i.e. to obtain the minimum cost for power generation in the shortest time). At the end, the impact to the total cost saving for the power generation after adding (or not adding) wind power generation is also discussed. The actual operating results prove that the algorithm proposed in this paper is economical and practical as well as superior. They are quite valuable for further research.     

基于改进粒子群算法的电力系统经济负荷分配

提出了一种应用随机优化理论求解电力系统经济负荷分配的新方法,该方法以电力市场全天购电费用最小为目标函数,将高斯算子和交叉算子引入基本粒子群算法中。针对基本粒子群算法（PSO）的局限性,通过引入新的算子,克服了PSO算法前期精度低、后期收敛速度慢、易于陷入局部最优等缺点,在速度和精度上满足了计算要求。算例结果表明,所提出的方法能有效解决电力市场电力系统经济负荷分配问题。     

基于粒子群-差异进化混合算法的电力系统无功优化

针对传统粒子群算法中收敛速度快但易于陷入局部最优等特点,将差异进化算法与粒子群算法相结合,提出了一种粒子群-差异进化混合算法。该算法在粒子寻优过程中除跟踪个体极值和全局极值外,还跟踪粒子差异进化产生的第三个值;同时,当粒子在某一维上的速度小于给定值时,将重新初始化该维度粒子速度。建立了无功优化数学模型,并将合算法应用到无功优化中。通过MATLAB编程对IEEE-30节点系统进行优化计算,并与遗传算法和粒子群算法比较,结果表明本文提出的算法应用于无功优化拥有较快的收敛速度和全局寻优能力,具有广阔的发展前景。     

An investigation about the impact of the optimal reactive power dispatch solved by DE

With the advent of new technology based on power electronics, power systems may attain better voltage profile. This implies the proposition of careful strategies to dispatch reactive power in order to take advantage of all reactive sources, depending on size, location, and availability. This paper proposes an optimal reactive power dispatch strategy taking care of the steady state voltage stability implications. Two power systems of the open publications are studied. Power flow analysis has been carried out, which are the initial conditions for Transient Stability (TS), Small Disturbance (SD), and Continuation Power Flow (CPF) studies. Steady state voltage stability analysis is used to verify the impact of the optimization strategy. To demonstrate the proposal, PV curves, eigenvalue analyses, and time domain simulations, are utilized.     

基于改进粒子群算法的电力系统无功优化

电力系统无功优化问题是一个多变量、多约束的混合非线性规划问题。提出了一种改进粒子群算法用以解决这一复杂优化问题。在改进的算法中,首先结合混沌优化思想对粒子群进行初始化,减轻了粒子初始位置的选择对算法优化性能的影响;在进化过程中引入了自探索行为,使得粒子的搜索过程更加符合实际;引入了变异机制及3种判断陷入局部最优的标准,当发现粒子群陷入局部最优时,通过变异,帮助粒子跳出局部陷阱,增加发现最优解的机会。给出了问题的求解方法,并对IEEE 6、14节点系统进行了仿真计算,实验数值对比表明了算法的可行性和有效性。     

A hybrid multi-agent based particle swarm optimization algorithm for economic power dispatch

This paper presents a new multi-agent based hybrid particle swarm optimization technique (HMAPSO) applied to the economic power dispatch. The earlier PSO suffers from tuning of variables, randomness and uniqueness of solution. The algorithm integrates the deterministic search, the Multi-agent system (MAS), the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and the bee decision-making process. Thus making use of deterministic search, multi-agent and bee PSO, the HMAPSO realizes the purpose of optimization. The economic power dispatch problem is a non-linear constrained optimization problem. Classical optimization techniques like direct search and gradient methods fails to give the global optimum solution. Other Evolutionary algorithms provide only a good enough solution. To show the capability, the proposed algorithm is applied to two cases 13 and 40 generators, respectively. The results show that this algorithm is more accurate and robust in finding the global optimum than its counterparts.     

基于改进遗传算法的配电网无功优化

针对传统遗传算法在电网无功优化领域应用中存在的不足,结合配电网的特征,建立了综合考虑全年网损、电压品质和补偿设备投资的无功优化数学模型。同时应用自适应遗传算法对传统遗传算法的遗传算子和终止判据等进行了改进,提出了一种配电网无功优化的改进遗传算法,使其计算效率和全局寻优能力均有提高。实例计算表明,其优化效果优于传统遗传算法。     

改进粒子群算法的无功优化

通过对传统梯度算法和粒子群算法的研究,提出了将梯度算法和粒子群算法(GPSO)相结合的梯度粒子算法.建立了无功优化的数学模型,将梯度粒子算法运用到无功优化中,通过算例验证,梯度粒子算法能够获得更好的全局最优解,此表明该算法运用到实际中将有利于在线电力系统无功优化.     

Chaos embedded krill herd algorithm for optimal VAR dispatch problem of power system

Chaotic krill herd algorithm (KHA) (CKHA) is proposed in this paper to solve the optimal VAR dispatch problem of power system considering either minimization of real power loss or that of absolute value of total voltage deviation or improvements of voltage profile as an objective while satisfying all the equality and the inequality constraints of the power system network. Detailed studies of different chaotic maps are illustrated. Among these, Logistic map is considered in the proposed technique to improve the performance of the basic KHA. The performance of the proposed CKHA is implemented, successfully, on standard IEEE 14- and IEEE 118-bus test power systems in which the control of bus voltages, tap position of transformers and reactive power sources are involved. The results offered by the proposed CKHA are compared to other evolutionary optimization based techniques surfaced in the recent state-of-the-art literature. Simulation results indicate that the proposed CKHA approach yields better optimization efficacy over some other recent popular techniques in terms of results offered, effectiveness, quality of solution and convergence speed.     

A fuzzy adaptive chaotic ant swarm optimization for economic dispatch

This paper developed a fuzzy adaptive chaotic ant swarm optimization (FCASO) algorithm for solving the economic dispatch (ED) problems of thermal generators in power systems. The FCASO algorithm introduces a fuzzy system to dynamically tune the characteristic parameters ψ_d and r_i of chaotic swarm optimization (CASO). The proposed method was applied to two cases of power systems. The simulation results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm to the practical ED problem.     

Environmental/economic power dispatch problem using multi-objective differential evolution algorithm

This paper presents a multi-objective differential evolution (MODE) algorithm for environmental/economic power dispatch (EED) problem. The EED problem is formulated as a nonlinear constrained multi-objective problem with competing and non-commensurable objectives of fuel cost, emission and system loss. The proposed MODE approach adopts an external elitist archive to retain non-dominated solutions found during the evolutionary process. In order to preserve the diversity of Pareto optimality, a crowding entropy diversity measure tactic is proposed. The crowding entropy strategy is able to measure the crowding degree of the solutions more accurately. In addition, fuzzy set theory is employed to extract the best compromise solution. Several optimization runs of the proposed approach have been carried out on the IEEE 30- and 118-bus test system. The results demonstrate the capability of the proposed MODE approach to generate well-distributed Pareto optimal non-dominated solutions of multi-objective EED problem. The comparison with reported results of other MOEAs reveals the superiority of the proposed MODE approach and confirms its potential for solving other power systems multi-objective optimization problems.     

Environmental/economic power dispatch using a fuzzified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm

The environmental issues that arise from the pollutant emissions produced by fossil-fueled electric power plants have become a matter of concern more recently. The conventional economic power dispatch cannot meet the environmental protection requirements, since it only considers minimizing the total fuel cost. The multi-objective generation dispatch in electric power systems treats economic and emission impact as competing objectives, which requires some reasonable tradeoff among objectives to reach an optimal solution. In this paper, a fuzzified multi-objective particle swarm optimization (FMOPSO) algorithm is proposed and implemented to dispatch the electric power considering both economic and environmental issues. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by comparing its performance with other approaches including weighted aggregation (WA) and evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms. All the simulations are conducted based on a typical test power system.     

融合鱼群和微分进化的蚁群算法的无功优化

对于求解电力系统无功优化问题,提出了一种融合鱼群和微分进化的蚁群优化算法（FDEACO）。受人工鱼群觅食、聚群和追尾行为的启发,在基本蚁群算法的基础上,应用人工鱼群算法的追尾行为对蚁群在可行域上搜索到的解进行改进,加快了向最优解收敛的速度。在信息素更新机制里,通过引入微分进化算法的发散项,增加一个随机扰动,减小了算法陷入局部最优的可能性。在IEEE30测试系统上对新提出的算法进行校验,并与其它算法比较,证明FDEACO算法收敛速度快、全局寻优能力强。     

A new rooted tree optimization algorithm for economic dispatch with valve-point effect

This work proposes a new optimization method called root tree optimization algorithm (RTO). The robustness and efficiency of the proposed RTO algorithm is validated on a 23 standard benchmark nonlinear functions and compared with well-known methods by addressing the same problem. Simulation results show effectiveness of the proposed RTO algorithm in term of solution quality and convergence characteristics. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, 3-unit, 30 Bus IEEE, 13-unit and 15-units are used as case studies with incremental fuel cost functions. The constraints include ramp rate limits, prohibited operating zones and the valve point effect. These constraints make the economic dispatch (ED) problem a non-convex minimization problem with constraints. Simulation results obtained by the proposed algorithm are compared with the results obtained using other methods available in the literature. Based on the numerical results, the proposed RTO algorithm is able to provide better solutions than other reported techniques in terms of fuel cost and robustness.     

基于混合遗传算法的无功优化

通过混合算法来改进遗传算法是一种可行的方向。在前人研究的基础上进一步提出了一种能够保持遗传算法、模拟退火算法和禁忌搜索算法优点的混合遗传算法。该算法显著改善了遗传算法早熟收敛和局部搜索能力差的不足,具有良好的全局寻优能力和局部搜索能力,并在实际系统应用中验证了它的有效性。