龙泉山活动断裂带及其潜在地震能力的探讨

本文根据测龄样品的断代分析、地壳形变测量以及沿断裂带的地震活动等对龙泉山断裂带的活动性进行了讨论。并根据断层的几何结构分段特征，运用活断层长度与地震震级的关系，探讨了该断裂带的潜在地震能力。结果表明，龙泉山断裂带属一条中、晚更新世有活动的断裂带。有历史地震史料记载以来，发生最大的一次地震是１９６７年仁寿大林场５．５级地震，近代地震活动主要以中、小地震活动为主，因此该断裂带属一条中强活动断裂带。从地震活动看，断裂带中南段的活动强度相对北段要大；西坡断裂的活动强度又大于东坡断裂，且西坡断裂具有较明显的分段活动特征。该断裂带上未来可能发生地需的最大震级为５．５±０．５级。     

沂沭断裂带及其附近断裂的断层泥分形特征及其地震地质意义

利用岩石碎裂数目的分形理论，分析，计算了沂沭断裂带及其西侧北西向断裂的断层泥粒度成分的分维值，讨论了断层泥粒度成分分维的地震地质意义，研究结果表明，沂沭断裂带内的断裂活动的强度大于北西向断裂活动强度；Ｆ２是沂沭断裂带中活动最强的一条断裂，断层泥粒度成分分维值可作为表征断裂活动时代，破裂形式和断层泥形成斫代等的参量；分维值还与断层泥的母岩，厚度，粘土矿物含量和所处的断裂部位等相关。     

四川活动断裂带的基本特征

根据大量的实际资料，总结了四川活动断裂带的基本特征：即大致以北东向龙门山断裂带与北西向荣经－马边－盐津断裂带为界，显示了西强东弱的分区活动特点。断裂活动在时间、空间和强度上都具有明显的不均匀性与分段活动特征；晚更新世～全新世以来发生的强震破裂活动大都是沿袭先存断裂进行的，从古地震研究及较短时间尺度（有历史地震记录以来）来看，反映出断层上的位移是以一种地震构造脉冲形式出现     

临潼-长安断裂带构造变形及分段特征

对临潼-长安断裂带1970～1996年跨断裂水准资料、1983-2004年跨断层场地水准资料和1992～2004年重力段差资料进行了定量计算与分析。分析结果表明：①临潼-长安断裂是近期非常活跃的断裂，断裂带中主次断裂具有对称活动特点，江伊-鲍坡断裂在该断裂带整体活动中居主动地位；②跨临潼-长安断裂带的麻街和沣峪口两场地在地震前，垂直形变均不同程度地出现准同步快速下降的异常变化，但震后区域应力场的调整过程中两场地的影响存在差异；③临潼-长安断裂带的活动具有明显的分段性特点，形变测量资料分析表明，其南段活动比较稳定，而北段的活动则很活跃；④场地水准与跨断裂水准资料有较好的一致性，重力段差变化与场地垂直形变有较好的相关性。     

红河断裂带第四纪活动的时空演化特征

在前人研究的基础上，结合断裂带沿线的构造地貌、断层岩组合及大量与断裂相关的地层年代，综合分析了红河断裂带第四纪以来活动的总趋势：随着活动时代的趋新，活动中心由南向北逐渐迁移，全新世晚期以来的活动中心位于大理、弥渡一带；探讨了该断裂带第四纪活动的时空演化规律，为断裂带不同区段地震危险性的评估提供了依据     

郯庐断裂带安徽明光段紫阳山探槽及其意义

郯庐断裂带安徽省内段落属于该断裂带的南段,断裂构造复杂,总体上断层活动性要弱于断裂带的山东、江苏段。近年来笔者多次在苏皖交界地区开展野外地质地貌调查,发现淮河南北两侧的地形地貌存在较大差异。本研究以淮河以南的郯庐断裂带东支断裂明光段为探查重点,在明光紫阳山北侧跨断层开挖地质探槽。探槽(Tc1)显示断层表现为逆冲、张裂等活动形式,且断层向上延伸错动晚第四纪地层;结合年代样品测试结果,表明该段断层晚第四纪以来有较强的活动,最新活动时代可达晚更新世-全新世早期;探槽揭露的断层表现出多种活动形式,显示了明光段断层活动的多期次性和区域构造应力场的复杂性。     

南澳强震区北部断裂活动性与断层气异常的关系

南澳强震区北部柘林地区断层气的测试结果表明，北西向黄岗水断裂带的主干断裂断层气含量较高，次级断裂和其它方向断裂的断层气含量较低，根据断层气异常，结合断裂新活动的表现形式和地震分布特征，大致可将区内断裂的活动性划分为三类。     

郯庐断裂带女山湖北侧探槽的新活动现象及讨论

郯庐断裂带苏皖交界段处于断裂中段与南段的过渡区,断层新活动较为复杂。近几年的研究成果显示,在淮河南侧浮山、紫阳一带断层晚第四纪仍有较强活动,该断层向S至女山湖的活动情况如何、晚第四纪活动是否延伸至女山湖,是值得关注的问题。在明光女山湖北侧六谷堆村东开挖的地质探槽揭示了宽2～4m的断层变形带,带内沿断层卷入多个棕黄色黏土团;断层的新活动错动了上覆晚更新世黏土层,断层面延伸至地表呈“通天”状,地层年代数据表明其最新活动时代至少为晚更新世晚期;断层面发育的擦痕及阶步显示断层经历过逆右旋活动。以上成果表明,郯庐断裂带东支最为活动的断层晚第四纪的活动向S延伸至明光女山湖。泗洪—明光是郯庐断裂带中—南段的构造“节点”,多个断层剖面存在楔状土、正断、黏土团等现象,显示以逆走滑为主要运动方式的断层在地表局部存在丰富的伴生现象,而产生这些现象的原因可能与断层在不同时、空所受的区域复杂应力及其变化有关。     

辽宁瓦房店温坨子原核电场场址东岗断裂的活动性

位于辽宁瓦房店温坨子的东岗断裂是一条隐伏断层，靠近该地区原曾选定的核电站场址，通过详细的野外地质工作，查明了该断裂的地理位置、几何形态，发现断裂带东延至尉屯就转向北去，并确定它没有与金州断裂相接。经系列探槽的开挖，断层构造岩及有关地层样吕作绝对年龄测定，证明东岗断层错断了中更新世地层；但约５万年以来断层的上覆地层没有被错断，因此认为东岗断层不是能动断层。     

郯庐断裂带沂水-汤头断裂南段晚第四纪活动新证及构造意义

以往对郯庐断裂带沂沭段各条断层第四纪活动性研究工作都集中在有历史地震记录的东地堑断层,而对断裂带西地堑断层却极少涉及,仅有的关于西地堑2条断层活动性的研究也至今没有定论。针对沂沭断裂带南段西地堑2条断层开展系统的浅层地震勘探和钻孔联合剖面相结合的研究,明确了鄌郚-葛沟断裂(F4)可能是第四纪早期断裂,而活动性较强的沂水-汤头断裂(F3)属于晚更新世活动断裂,其最新1次活动时间发生在距今(91.2±4.4)~(97.0±4.8)ka。结合断裂带其他断层的最新研究成果,对比东、西地堑活动断层最新活动时间,揭示出沂沭断裂带南段晚第四纪活动是断裂带对来自两侧应力的构造响应。沂水-汤头断裂可能是该区域未来中强地震的潜在发震构造。     

跨断层桥梁抗震若干问题探讨

从断层时间尺度、活动性、场地效应等方面阐述跨断层桥梁的定义与内涵;从"功能性"、"制约性"、"地表破裂变异性"、"设计缺陷"4方面分析跨断层桥梁"不得不"面临较大的地震破坏风险的原因;最后以1979年Imperial Valley地震中El Centro台阵收集到的强震记录为基础,对断层破裂强震记录特征及地震动传播机理进行分析,研究断层两侧地面运动分布规律,建议跨走滑断层桥梁的地震动输入方向。本文研究结果对促进跨断层桥梁抗震设防具有借鉴意义。     

日本MW9.0地震后沂沭断裂带两侧块体相对运动及对地震活动的影响

基于连续GPS数据,利用滑动块体模型研究了日本M_W9.0地震前后沂沭断裂带两侧块体连续的相对运动状态,并研究其对区域地震活动的影响,结果表明日本地震以来：1）两侧块体呈右旋走滑兼挤压状态,平均走滑、挤压速率分别为0.9±0.1 mm·a^-1和-0.7±0.1 mm·a^-1,相比日本地震之前,运动过程更具起伏特征,可能与日本地震前后俯冲带两侧板块间相互运动状态的改变有关;2）沂沭断裂带两侧地区地震活动频次N、总释放能量折算震级M、地震活动度S值、地震b值与两侧块体相对运动的相关系数分别为0.66、0.69、0.74、-0.6,T检验显示相关性显著.在研究区地震能量集中释放阶段两侧块体相对运动方向和研究区主压应力方向一致,相对运动速率和地震活动强度变化具有同步特征,两侧块体相对运动对区域地震活动具有控制作用;3）莱州序列和乳山震群的发生可能与两侧块体相对运动促进的局部区域应力调整有关.     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REGIONAL SEISMIC ENERGY RELEASE AND RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN BLOCKS ON BOTH SIDES OF YISHU FAULT ZONE

Following the 11 March 2011 Japan M_W9.0 earthquake, frequent moderate and small events occurred on the Yishu fault zone and its either side. Using continuous GPS data and a sliding block model, this work studies the relationship between the energy release of these shocks and the block relative motion of either side of the Yishu fault zone. The results show that(1)the equivalent magnitude M from released energy and the two blocks' relative motion are well correlated when earthquakes are selected in a retrieval circle(whose center is the midpoint of the Yishu fault zone)with a radius of 250~500km and using a sliding time window of 3~10 months. The best correlation coefficient between M and the two blocks' relative motion is 0.74 and the T test shows a significant linear correlation between them.(2)Spatial distribution of the correlation coefficients shows that the relative motion of the blocks on both sides affects the energy release in the area from the north part of Yishu fault zone to the Jiaodong Peninsula area and southwest Shandong-Henan border area obviously.(3)Since June 2014, the relative motion of the two blocks on both sides of the Yishu fault zone presents a wave of change, which may be an expression of the accumulation of seismic strain energy in the Yishu fault zone and its two sides. The linear relationship between the equivalent magnitude M from released energy and two blocks' relative motion V can be fitted by linear equation M=0.51*V+3.9, showing that strain energy accumulation could be released by the moderate and small earthquakes in a timely manner, which may favorable to delay the seismic risk in the study area. It also shows, on the other hand, that earthquake energy was not released so completely in the study area since the end of 2015 to 2016, which is likely associated with the Changdao earthquake swarm in 2017.     

综合利用多种地壳形变观测资料计算鲜水河断裂带现今滑动速率

本文首先沿走向将鲜水河断裂带划分为炉霍、道孚、乾宁、康定和磨西五个断裂段,利用沿断裂带布设的跨断层短基线、短水准场地测量资料计算了近场的断层活动参数,利用覆盖断裂带相对较大区域的重力、GPS观测资料计算了重力场动态变化、GPS速度场.基于重力场动态变化和GPS速度场采用蚁群算法和粒子群算法(具有全局优化的优势)分别反演计算了五个断裂段断层活动参数,将结果中的走滑分量作为五个断裂段的现今走滑速率.通过对以上三类现今走滑速率及五个断裂段的地质平均滑动速率进行融合与对比分析,将重力资料反演计算结果作为断裂带整体走滑速率,与跨断层短基线、短水准测量计算的断层滑动速率结果进行对比分析,初步判定了各跨断层短基线、短水准场地所跨断裂的性质,最终给出了五个断裂段的现今整体左旋走滑速率和部分分支断裂左旋走滑速率,结果为:(1)炉霍段为9.13mm·a~(-1),虾拉沱区域西支断裂为2.46mm·a~(-1),东支断裂为5.84mm·a~(-1).(2)道孚段为8.57mm·a~(-1),东南段沟普区域西支断裂为1.78mm·a~(-1),东支断裂为6.79mm·a~(-1).(3)乾宁段为7.67mm·a~(-1).(4)康定段为6.14mm·a~(-1).(5)磨西段为4.41mm·a~(-1).本文还定性讨论了断裂带两侧重力、GPS测点覆盖范围内活动地块的三维弹塑性变形和古地震、历史地震造成的永久位错.     

郯庐断裂带中南段及邻区Pn波速度结构与各向异性

郯庐断裂带是一条纵贯我国大陆东部NNE走向的巨型深断裂,其中南段及邻区(115°E—122°E,29°N—38°N)跨越了华北断块区、扬子断块区和华南褶皱系三大一级构造单元,由于其重要性和复杂性,长期以来一直是地学家们研究的热点.本文从国际地震中心(ISC)、中国地震台网及区域地震台网的地震观测报告中精心挑选出6381个Pn震相数据,用Pn波时间项层析成像法反演得到了郯庐断裂带中南段及邻区上地幔顶部Pn波速度结构和各向异性.结果显示,研究区上地幔顶部具有显著的横向非均匀性,相对于7.95km·s-1的平均速度而言,Pn波速度值在7.68~8.24km·s-1范围内变化.Pn波速度分布在郯庐断裂带中段和南段具有分段性:沿中段及周边存在一NE向低速异常带,低速可能是由于岩石圈的减薄和软流圈的高温物质沿郯庐带上涌导致;沿南段表现为一NNE向弱高波速异常带,作为高低速的边界带清晰地勾勒出了华北与扬子这两个不同块体,该边界在江苏域向华北地块NW方向凹进.Pn波速度各向异性的强弱与速度分布存在一定的相关性.总体上,如鲁西隆起及以南等低速区、茅山断裂附近的高低速过渡带,其速度各向异性较为强烈;而在具有高速异常的苏北盆地、合肥盆地等稳定区域下方其各向异性较弱.本文通过Pn波震相基本未能探测到郯庐断裂带中段的方位各向异性,推测是上地幔顶部被"冻结"下来的各向异性痕迹被软流圈热物质上涌这一强烈构造运动削弱所导致.南段具有与断裂伸展方向近乎平行的快波速方向.Pn波速度横向变化和强震活动存在一定关联.强震主要发生在Pn波低速异常区或高低速过渡带上.郯城8.5级地震震中位于中段和南段高低速过渡带,该区域也是速度横向变化最大的地方,最容易集中应力和产生应力差.     

合肥市地壳浅部三维速度结构及城市沉积环境初探

合肥市位于合肥盆地东南缘,东侧紧邻郯庐断裂带,多条大型隐伏断裂穿过市区.为进一步认识合肥城市下方隐伏断裂的空间展布、性质,以及城市复杂的沉积环境,本文利用布设在合肥市区的58套三分量短周期地震仪组成的台阵,获得了37天的三分量连续波形数据,通过基于射线追踪的面波走时直接成像方法反演得到了合肥市地壳浅部0.6~3.6 km的三维剪切波速度结构,速度结构图像展现了地壳浅部的横向不均匀性和纵向成层性,揭示出NNE、NWW和近EW三组不同走向的隐伏断裂在城市地下浅部的构造特征.取得以下认识：（1）合肥市南、北方向在浅地表（2 km以内）存在显著速度差异,速度分界线位置与已知的近EW向的蜀山断裂一致,断裂南侧呈现低速凹陷,北侧则为高速隆起.低速中心深度达2~3 km,速度异常与该断裂在合肥盆地东部演化过程中的构造反转沉积了不同地层有关;（2）合肥市区存在明显的高速异常带,其走向、位置与穿过该区域的郯庐断裂带西支主干断裂相符,其中五河—合肥断裂在市区北部以东呈现低速凹陷特征,低速区范围与肥东凹陷晚白垩纪以来的沉积构造边界一致,认为肥东凹陷的最大沉积厚度可达2 km以上;（3）合肥市中心跨郯庐断裂带西支主干断裂之间呈现明显的凹、隆相间的复杂构造,推测其是在多组断裂的共同拉伸作用下形成的小型沉积盆地,沉积中心位于郯庐断裂带内部,最大厚度可达3~4 km.由于其展布方向在不同深度与该区域断裂的走向具有明显的相关性,推测不同深度的沉积形态与郯庐断裂带在不同时期的构造演化过程有关.     

RESEARCH ON ACTIVITY OF ZHANGJIAKOU-BOHAI FAULT ZONE BASED ON GPS OBSERVATIONS

The northwestern section of the Zhangjiakou-Bohai fault zone starts in the west of Zhangjiakou, extending southeast through Huailai, Shunyi and Tianjin and entering into the Bohai Sea, with a width up to several tens of kilometers, narrow in the west and wide in the east. The Neogene-Quaternary has extended in the northwest and southeast direction, forming a large regional active structure. There are many earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above in the history on the Zhangjiakou-Bohai fault zone and it is also a strong earthquake activity zone in eastern China. Therefore, the modern tectonic activities of this fault zone have an important impact on regional seismic hazard, and are of great significance for earthquake prediction and disaster reduction. In this paper, using the mobile GPS station observation data of 1999, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013 and 2015, and with the rigid-linear elastic block motion model equation proposed by LI Yan-xing, the horizontal deformation rate and strain rate of the Zhangjiakou-Bohai fault zone of the five adjacent periods of 1999-2007, 2007-2009, 2009-2011, 2011-2013 and 2013-2015 were calculated, the tectonic activity characteristics and evolution of the fault zone were studied. The results show that in the five periods, the average deformation rate of the Zhangjiakou-Bohai fault zone is 1. 74mm/a, the left-lateral strike-slip rate is 1.59mm/a, and the compression rate is -0.59mm/a. The Zhangjiakou-Bohai fault zone is characterized by left-lateral strike-slip and compression on the whole, and the left-lateral strike-slip rate is greater than the compression rate at each period. The strike-slip rate is significantly greater than the compression rate, indicating that the activity of Zhangjiakou-Bohai fault zone is dominated by left-lateral strike-slip faulting with compression. The minimum principal strain rate of the Zhangjiakou-Bohai fault zone in the five periods varies from -12.06×10^-9/a to -4.62×10^-9/a, and the average minimum principal strain axis direction is N63.9°E, with little change in direction. The maximum principal strain rate varies from 1.55×10^-9/a to 5.99×10^-9/a, and the average maximum principal strain axis direction is N333.9°W, the direction does not change much. The strike of the Zhangjiakou-Bohai fault zone is NWW(the overall strike is calculated by N300°W), and the normal strain rate of the fault zone is -5.87×10^-9/a(being compressional), and the shear strain rate is 12.70×10^-9/a. The shear strain rate on the fault zone is about twice the value of the normal strain rate, and the shear strain rate of the fault zone is greater than the normal strain rate, which indicates the shear stress of the 5 periods of 1999-2007, 2007-2009, 2009-2011, 2011-2013 and 2013-2015 is relatively significant, suggesting that the fault plain is dominated by left-lateral shear stress. This suggests that the Japan 3·11 earthquake has little effect on the deformation strain of the Zhangjiakou-Bohai fault zone, and it does not change the nature of activity of the fault zone. The tectonic activity is still inheriting. Since the tectonic activity of the Zhangjiakou-Bohai fault zone has gradually decreased after the Japan 3·11 earthquake, the deformation strain evolution trend has gradually returned to a unified consistent state. Therefore, the deformation strain state of the Zhangjiakou-Bohai fault zone does not have the condition for strong earthquakes.     

Activity Tendency and Dynamic Characteristics of Shanxi Fault Zone

INTRODUCTIONTheShanxifaultzoneisoneofthemajorseismiczonesinNorthChinaandmanymoderateandsmallearthquakeshaveoccurredthere (WangXiuwen ,1995 ) .TheM6 1Datongearthquakewhichoccurredatthenorthernendofthefaultin 1989isoneofthem (YangGuohuaetal.,1994 ) .Inordertomakeearthquakepredictionsandtostudytherelationshipbetweentheseismicityandfaultactivityofthefault,theSeismologicalBureauofShanxiProvinceestablishedaGPSmonitoringnetworkalongthefaultfromthesouthtothenorthin 1995 .Now ,thereisalarge…     

Precise Location of Earthquakes at the Eastern Boundaries of the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhombic Block

Based on the seismic station data sets from Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, we employed a multi-step seismic location method (Hypo2000 + Velest + HypoDD) to precisely locate the 7,787 earthquakes that occurred during 2010-2015 along the eastern boundaries of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block, namely from southern Dawu to the Qiaojia segment. The final results show that location precision is greatly advanced and epicenter distribution exhibits good consistency with the linear distribution of the seismic faults. Earthquake distribution is quite intensive at the intersection region in the southern segment of the Xianshuihe fault, the Anninghe fault zone, the Xiaojinhe fault zone and the Daliangshan fault zone to the east. The depth profile of seismicity shows a clear stepwise activity along the active seismic fault zones. The profile crossing the faults of the Xianshuihe, Anninghe, and Daliangshan presents a complex interaction among faults near the multiple faults intersection region, Shimian, where the earthquakes are obviously divided into two groups in depth. Earthquakes are very rare at the depth of 15km-20km, which is consistent with the region of the plastic rheology between 14km-19km calculated by Zhu Ailan et al.,(2005).