对叔丁基杯[4]及杯[6]芳烃的合成及其对铜离子的萃取研究

以对叔丁基苯酚和甲醛为原料,分别对对叔丁基杯[4]及杯[6]芳烃的合成和萃取性质进行了研究．结果表明,在本研究范围内,以KOH为催化剂,对叔丁基杯[6]芳烃的最高产率为77．8％;以NaOH为催化剂,对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃的最高产率为47．3％。对于对叔丁基杯[4]和杯[6]芳烃,最佳的反应回流温度都为140℃。对叔丁基杯[6]芳烃对模拟废水中的铜离子具有一定的萃取效果,最高萃取率为70．3％。     

杯芳烃合成研究进展

杯芳烃是一类超分子主体化合物,主要有杯[4]、杯[6]和杯[8]芳烃的杯芳烃衍生物、杯芳烃聚合物及杯芳烃配合物等。介绍了不同杯芳烃及其衍生物的合成工艺的研究进展。     

含氟杯[4]芳烃衍生物超分子性能的研究进展

含氟杯[4]芳烃因引入具有特殊物理化学性质的含氟取代基,而具有某些优良的超分子性能,与非氟杯[4]芳烃相比在分子识别、分子自组装、荧光传感器、分子开关、液相色谱等方面存在更为广阔的应用前景。在超分子化学和氟化学的交叉领域中,成为近年来化学工作者们研究的热点,此领域的相关文献报道较少。综述了近几年含氟杯[4]芳烃衍生物新主体分子的合成,并从分子识别应用的角度,重点讨论了对新型功能化含氟杯[4]芳烃衍生物的超分子性能研究状况。     

新型杯[4]芳烃衍生物对Pb~(2+),Cd~(2+)的萃取性质

研究了新型杯[4]芳烃D对Pb2+,Cd2+离子的液-液萃取性质,并将其与自制的杯[4]芳烃A及其衍生物B、C对Pb2+,Cd2+离子的液-液萃取性质进行了比较。结果表明,与化合物A~C相比,D对Pb2+萃取率最高,在实验条件下,可达到42.8%;测试的四种化合物对Cd2+离子的萃取效率均不佳,未经任何修饰的杯[4]芳烃A的萃取效率最高,仅8.5%。推测对Cd2+的萃取为阳离子交换机理。     

氨基苯甲酸酯杯[4]芳烃衍生物的合成及性能研究

以对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃为原料,与1,2-二溴乙烷反应得到25,27-二(2-溴乙氧基)-26,28-二羟基-5,11,17,23-四叔丁基杯[4]芳烃,分别与苯佐卡因、三卡因、盐酸普鲁卡因在K2CO3、Na I/DMF体系中反应,以48%~63%的产率合成了3种新型含氨基苯甲酸酯结构的杯[4]芳烃衍生物——25,27-二(2-(对乙氧羰基苯基)氨基)乙氧基-26,28-二羟基-5,11,17,23-四叔丁基杯[4]芳烃、25,27-二(2-(3-乙氧羰基苯基)氨基)乙氧基-26,28-二羟基-5,11,17,23-四叔丁基杯[4]芳烃和25,27-二(2-(4-(2-(二乙基氨基))乙氧羰基苯基)氨基)乙氧基-26,28-二羟基-5,11,17,23-四叔丁基杯[4]芳烃。新化合物的结构与构象经元素分析、IR、1HNMR表征证实。研究它们对K+、Pb2+等9种金属离子的萃取性能以及对氨基酸的分子识别作用。结果表明,新型杯[4]芳烃衍生物对过渡金属离子具有良好的萃取效果,对Fe2+、Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+、Ag+的萃取率高达90%以上;同时与氨基酸也能发生很好的配合作用,能有效地识别氨基酸,对带芳环的氨基酸比脂肪氨基酸的识别效果更好。     

含金刚烷胺的杯［4］芳烃衍生物的合成及抗菌活性研究

对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃与对甲苯磺酸酯基乙氧基对苯甲醛反应生成对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃-1,3-二醛基衍生物1,对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃-1,3-二醛基衍生物1与金刚烷胺进行分子间缩合反应得到含金刚烷基的新型杯[4]芳烃衍生物,并利用1H NMR,13C NMR,MS和元素分析对目标化合物的结构进行了表征。初步的抗菌试验表明,该化合物表现出较好的抑菌活性。     

醛肟基杯[4]芳烃衍生物的合成及性能研究

利用盐酸羟胺与杯[4]芳烃二醛衍生物的亲核加成反应,设计并合成了下沿含醛肟基团的新型杯[4]芳烃衍生物,经1HNMR、MS和元素分析等表征确证其结构,测定了醛肟基杯[4]芳烃衍生物对系列金属阳离子的液液两相萃取性能,实验结果表明醛肟基杯[4]芳烃衍生物对软酸类金属阳离子具有较好的配位性能,特别是对Hg2+和Ag+的萃取率分别达到39.2%和35.6%。     

对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃乙酸萃取磷酸二氢铵溶液中Mg~(2+)的研究

通过考察对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃乙酸,以及与其它萃取剂形成酸加酸、酸加碱、酸加中性混合萃取剂对磷酸二氢铵溶液中Mg2+萃取分配比的影响,选出萃取Mg2+的适宜萃取剂对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃乙酸;通过考察杯芳烃及其衍生物分子结构同,研究了对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃乙酸从磷酸二氢铵溶液中萃取Mg2+的反应机理,通过考察溶液pH值对萃取平衡分配比的影响,证明了对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃乙酸萃取Mg2+符合阳离子交换机理;通过考察反应温度对分配比的影响,求得了萃取热焓为16.23 kJ·mol-1,自由能为-31.24 kJ·mol-1和熵变为138.40 kJ·mol-1·K-1.同时考察了萃取剂初始浓度、水相Mg2+浓度、相比等影响因素对萃取分配比的影响,得到了萃取Mg2+的适宜工艺条件;经用实际湿法磷酸的氨中和液实验,结果表明,在最佳工艺条件下,经过二级萃取,就可以制取优品级NH4H2PO4(MAP).     

杯[4]芳烃咪唑盐的微波合成及在氟化反应中的应用

以杯[4]芳烃为起始原料,首先制得中间体杯[4]芳烃双溴代烷基衍生物,然后经微波辐射和阴离子交换,共得9种杯[4]芳烃咪唑盐衍生物,化合物的结构与构象经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、19FNMR、31PNMR表征.研究了它们在对氯硝基苯氟化反应中的催化性能以及对K+的萃取性能.结果表明,这9种化合物在氟化反应中的催化效果良好,对氟硝基苯的收率为80.89％～92.67％;同时化合物对K+具有较好的萃取效果,其中以化合物25,27-二[4-(3-甲基咪唑)乙氧基]-26,28-二羟基-5,11,17,23-四叔丁基杯[4]芳烃六氟磷酸盐的萃取效果最好,萃取率可达75.45％.     

含杯[4]芳烃的金刚烷甲酰腙的合成及抗菌活性研究

对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃与对甲苯磺酸酯基乙氧基对苯甲醛反应生成对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃-1,3-二醛基衍生物1,对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃-1,3-二醛基衍生物1与金刚烷甲酰肼进行分子间缩合反应得到含杯[4]芳烃的金刚烷甲酰腙化合物2,并利用1H NMR,13C NMR,MS和元素分析对目标化合物的结构进行了表征。初步的抗菌试验表明,该化合物表现出较好的抗菌活性。     

Dichromate Extraction by Calix[4]arene Appended Amberlite XAD-4 Resin

In the present article a comparative extraction efficiency of dichromate by a calix[4]arene derivative (d) and a newly synthesized calix[4]arene appended Amberlite XAD-4 resin (5) are reported. The liquid and solid phase extraction methods have been applied to ascertain the extraction efficiency of both the calix[4]arene derivative and the resin. Different parameters have been optimized such as pH, dosage, concentration, and temperature. Analysis of experimental data has been carried out by log-log plot analyses and the determination of characteristic parameters of each isotherm model such as Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R). The kinetic adsorption experiments show that the adsorption process follows pseudo second order kinetics. The adsorption mechanism has been investigated by Reichenberg (R-B) and Morris-Webster equations. From the thermodynamic parameters it is concluded that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous in nature at higher temperature. The results show that the resin-5 has good capability to efficiently remove dichromate from aqueous media.     

Extraction of Pb2+ with p-tert-butylcalix [4]-, [5]-, [6]Arene Carboxylic Acid Ligands and their Monomeric Counterpart: A Thermodynamic Approach

Studies on extraction equilibrium constants at different temperatures and thermodynamic parameters of solvent extraction of Pb²⁺ ion with carboxylic acid derivatives of different ring size calixarenes and structure related monomeric compound have been carried out. The extraction equilibrium constants corresponding to calix[n]arene (n?=?4, 5, 6) derivatives decrease in the order [5]arene > [6]arene > [4]arene. In all cases, the complexation process is primarily enthalpy driven. The favorable enthalpic contribution for extraction of Pb²⁺ is in the order hexamer ≈ monomer > tetramer > pentamer. However, the unfavorable entropic loss follows the order: monomer > hexamer > tetramer > pentamer. Overall stability of the host-guest complex is the function of entropy-enthalpy compensation and the free energy of complexation is minimum for the pentamer, followed by tetramer ≈ hexamer and monomer. Although the carboxylic acid derivative of calix[4]arene is more preorganized than the calix[5]arene derivative, extraction of Pb²⁺ ion with the tetramer passes through greater entropic loss than that with the pentamer and the degree of preorganization of calix[4]arene derivative is far from perfect for the complexation and extraction of Pb²⁺ ion. As compared to tetrameric and hexameric counterparts, the structural features of the carboxylic acid derivative of calix[5]arene prior to complexation contribute much to interact with the Pb²⁺ ion and form a thermodynamically stable complex. Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange to view the supplemental file.     

氨基硫脲基新型杯[4]芳烃衍生物的合成

通过1,3-环氧丙基杯[4]烃与硫代氨基脲开环反应,合成硫代氨基脲基杯[4]芳烃衍生物,研究了其对阳离子的吸附性能后发现,与其他氨基杯芳烃相比,该衍生物对铜离子的吸附性能较好,并且有很好的选择性。     

Synthesis of novel silica gel immobilized‐calix[4]arene amide ionophores and their anion binding abilities toward phosphate and chromate anions

This article describes the synthesis and characterization of four new calix[4]arene ionophores 5–7 and 9 and corresponding two new silica gel‐immobilized calix[4]arene ionophores containing pyridine 10 and 11 via modification of calix[4]arene monoamide derivatives 5 and 6 with aminopropyl silica gel, respectively. The extraction studies have been performed using liquid–liquid extraction for receptors 5–7 and 9 and solid–liquid batchwise sorption procedures for receptors 10 and 11 . Obtained extraction results showed that the immobilized‐calix[4] arene ionophores 10 and 11 have high extraction ability toward chromate and phosphate anions as compared to their corresponding monomeric precursors 5 and 6 . © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Adsorption of amino acid derivatives on calixarene carboxylic acid impregnated resins

Macrocyclic host molecules calixarene carboxylic acid derivatives are found to act as powerful extractants for biologically important amino compounds. A series of adsorbents were prepared from a methacrylate-based polymer Amberlite XAD-7 by impregnation with various calixarene derivatives, for adsorptive recovery of amino acid derivatives. The larger macrocycles calix[6]arene and calix[8]arene carboxylic acid derivatives were more effective for adsorption of amino acid derivatives on the impregnated resin than the calix[4]arene derivative. Since adsorption proceeds mainly via electrostatic interaction, the carboxylic acid groups introduced into the calixarene platform were important for adsorption of cationic amino acid derivatives. The adsorption selectivity for amino compounds using adsorbent impregnated with the calix[6]arene carboxylic acid derivative depends simply on the hydrophobicity of the adsorbates.     

几种新型杯[4]芳烃衍生物的合成

以对叔丁基苯酚为起始原料,通过缩合、一步取代反应合成了对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃的衍生物,两步取代反应合成了对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃的衍生物。用FT-IR,^1HNMR,FAB-MS对产物的结构进行了表征。     

杯[4]芳烃巯基吡啶衍生物的合成

以对叔丁基苯酚为起始原料,通过缩合得到对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃,再对其下沿酚羟基进行化学修饰,得到具有化学活性的杯[4]衍生物,该化合物与具有活泼氢的4巯基吡啶反应制得新的含N、S杯芳烃衍生物,总收率15.3%。     

对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃巯基吡啶衍生物的合成

以对叔丁基苯酚为起始原料,通过缩合得到对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃,再对其下沿酚羟基进行化学改性,得到具有化学活性的杯[4]衍生物中间体,该中间体与具有活泼氢的2-巯基吡啶反应制得新的含N、S杯芳烃衍生物,总收率14.4%。