南黄海陆架区15ka以来的古气候事件与环境演变

于１９８６－１９９４年间,陆续对南黄海７个柱状样品进行了孢粉分析研究,结合＾１４Ｃ测年数据,参考古地磁、热释光测年等分析资料,以其中３个主要岩芯剖面资料为代表,论述了南黄海陆架区１５ｋａ以来的古气候环境演变。结果表明,在第四纪末次冰期冰消期中,气候曾剧烈波动,并逐渐由晚冰期向冰后期过渡。这一演变特点与全球气候背景下的中国东部地理环境相关。同时识别出３个短期降温和两个升温事件：其中Ａ１亚带冷期出现在     

珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积特征

本文主要研究珠江三角洲的第四纪地层;晚更新世玉木亚间冰期、全新世中期(大西洋期)海侵阶段的地貌景观及珠江三角洲晚第四纪以来的沉积形成过程。     

东海陆缘地区晚第四纪沉积的孢粉及其古环境意义

通过对东海陆缘地区东海1井、高桥G2孔、人民广场孔等晚第四纪地层的孢粉研究，划分出了6个孢粉组合带，并恢复了本地区植被演替、气候波动的6个阶段：第1阶段为稀疏的针叶、落叶阔叶混交林，反映气候冷干(晚更新世晚期)；第2阶段为针叶、阔叶混交林-草原，反映气候温凉略湿(前北方期)；第3阶段为舍常绿阔叶树的针叶、阔叶混交林，反映气候温和略干(北方期)；第4阶段为以栲属、青冈栎为主的常绿阔叶林，反映气候暖热潮湿(大西洋期)；第5阶段是以栎、松、蒿为主的针叶、阔叶混交林，反映气候温和略干(亚北方期)；第6阶段是以落叶栎类、常绿栎类、松为主的落叶阔叶、常绿阔叶、针叶混交林-草原，反映气候温暖湿润(亚大西洋期)。这种气候波动与世界性气候变化相一致，为本地区的地层年代划分和对比提供了可靠的证据，为晚第四纪古植被、古气候、古环境的重建提供了重要的孢粉学资料。     

东海陆架晚第四纪沉积硅藻及其古海洋学意义

本文对东海陆架DG9617岩芯沉积硅藻进行了研究，共分析鉴定出97种和变种，有近10种硅藻在岩芯中连续分布，且有较高的含量，而其余种类含量极低，仅零星检出。根据该岩芯中产出硅藻种类、含量及硅藻丰度变化特征自下而上共划分出3个硅藻组合带及5个亚带。结合孢粉资料，对产出3个不同硅藻带岩芯的地层年代进行了对比研究，表明该岩芯所代表的地层年代为中－晚全新世，硅藻I组合带大致为大西洋期的沉积，硅藻Ⅱ组合带应为亚北方期的产物，而硅藻Ⅲ组合带与亚大西洋期对应。文中并对不同硅藻组合带产出时的古海洋环境进行了初步探讨。     

南海北部海盆晚第四纪钙质超微化石及其古海洋学初步研究

本文根据南海北部海盆HY4—2柱状样的钙质超微化石分析结果,阐述了本区晚第四纪钙质超微化石分布特征,化石的溶解作用及暖水种化石的分布规律。依此对区内晚第四纪的地层及古气候环境进行了初步讨论。结果表明,柱状样所揭露的地层包括上更新统和全新统。其古气候包括了三个暖期和二个冷期等五个气候期。     

东海外陆架晚第四纪若干沉积学问题的研究现状与展望

我国东海陆架尤其外陆架的晚第四纪沉积地层、古河道沉积与下切河谷充填沉积、潮流沙脊沉积研究等已经取得较多研究成果,综述已有的研究认识和关键科学问题,讨论地层研究中的氧同位素2期和4期地层划分出现的争议、不同的地层演化模式以及与之紧密相关的末次冰盛期古河道的存在与演化、东海陆架冰后期潮流沙脊成因研究中存在的不同观点,提出未来东海外陆架晚第四纪沉积学研究的思路和工作展望。     

东海全新世的下限

一、国内外全新世研究概略全新世是地质历史最新的一页,与人类活动的关系极为密切,因此人们对其研究更为重视。有关全新世地层的划分,普遍采用所谓布列特-色尔南德尔方案,把全新世划分为五个气候期,自老至新为: 亚北极期(或称前北方期):寒冷; 北方期:干而温; 大西洋期:湿而暖; 亚北方期:干而温; 亚大西洋期:湿而凉。波斯特(L. V. Post,1944)研究南波罗的海泥炭沼泽的孢粉,将全新世划分为十     

长江三角洲前缘地区晚第四纪沉积的孢粉与环境研究

通过对长江三角洲前缘地区高桥G2孔、上海斜2孔等晚第四纪地层的孢粉研究,划分出了6个孢粉组合带,并结合临近钻孔的孢粉研究资料,恢复了本地区植被演替、气候波动的六个阶段:第一阶段为稀疏的针叶、落叶阔叶混交林,反映气候冷干(晚更新世晚期);第二阶段为针叶、阔叶混交林草地,反映气候温凉略湿(前北方期);第三阶段为含常绿阔叶树的针叶、阔叶混交林,反映气候温和略干(北方期);第四阶段以栲属、青冈栎为主的常绿阔叶林,反映气候暖热潮湿(大西洋期);第五阶段是以栎、松、蒿为主的针叶、阔叶混交林,反映气候温和略干(亚北方期);第六阶段是以落叶栎类、常绿栎类、松为主的落叶阔叶、常绿阔叶、针叶混交林草地.这六个阶段为本地区的地层年代划分和对比提供了可靠的证据,为晚第四纪古植被、古气候、古环境的重建提供了孢粉学资料.     

黄海SYDP103孔黏土矿物组成及古气候意义

利用1997年国土资源部青岛海洋地质研究所和韩国资源研究所合作在南黄海东南侧泥质沉积区所取得的两个全取芯钻孔(SYDP102,SYDP103)资料,对SYDP103孔黏土矿物进行了专门研究.结果表明,该孔黏土矿物组合特征为伊利石-绿泥石-高岭石-蒙脱石型,其物质来源于长江、周边陆源区及相邻海域细粒物质的再改造沉积.沉积区的涡旋作用是本研究区黏土矿物沉积的动力因素.该孔黏土矿物的分布特征和含量变化,与冰消期以来的孢粉组合有明显的对应关系,反映了气候特征决定了黏土矿物的形成组合特征,并与全新世全球性四个气候期(北方期、大西洋期、亚北方期、亚大西洋期)相吻合.     

闽北沿岸晚第四纪孢粉组合,古植被和古气候

福建北部沿岸晚第四纪地层中的孢粉化石含有八个综合孢粉带，即八个古值被和古气候演替阶段。其中阶段１冷而干燥（Ｑ３＾２－１）；阶段２暖而湿润（Ｑ＾２－２）；阶段３冷而干燥（Ｑ３＾３）；阶段４暖而稍湿（Ｑ４＾１）；阶段５暖而稍干（Ｑ４＾１）；阶段６热而湿润（Ｑ４＾２－１）；阶段７温暖略干（Ｑ４＾２－２）；阶段８气候状况接近现代（Ｑ４＾３）。     

A Review of Some Environmental Issues Affecting Marine Mining

This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.     

Increased Particle Fluxes at the INDEX Site Attributable to Simulated Benthic Disturbance

Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Determination of In Situ Sediment Shear Strength from Advanced Piston Corer Pullout Forces

The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》Vol. 33(2014) contents

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INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,