高分子材料的纳米技术改性与应用

介绍了纳米粒子改性高分子材料的原理及表征,以及纳米粒子在塑料、橡胶和化学纤维及涂料中的改性应用。     

基于纳米粒子改性塑料性能的研究

综述了纳米粒子改性塑料的主要方法和研究进展,总结了纳米粒子改性塑料的力学性能、摩擦学性能、电学性能、阻隔性能、生物学性能、流变性能和加工性能的国内外研究现状,并指出了纳米粒子改性塑料的研究方向。     

基于纳米粒子改性塑料性能的研究

综述纳米粒子改性塑料的方法和研究进展，总结了纳米粒子改性塑料的力学性能、摩擦学性能、电学性能和阻隔性能、生物学性能、流变性能和加工性能等性能，指出纳米粒子改性塑料的和研究方向。     

纳米材料在塑料改性中的应用研究进展

讨论了纳米无机粒子在塑料改性中的功能及作用,综述了纳米无机粒子在塑料性能改善方面的研究进展;介绍了纳米材料改性塑料的制备方法,提出了制备纳米塑料应该注意的问题。     

纳米SiO2在塑料中的应用

本文论述了纳米SiO2粒子增强增韧塑料的机理,纳米SiO2粒子改性聚合物的方法,复合材料的制备技术及其性能.并讨论了近年来纳米SiO2改性塑料的发展状况.     

纳米SiO_2在塑料中的应用

本文论述了纳米SiO2粒子增强增韧塑料的机理,纳米SiO2粒子改性聚合物的方法,复合材料的制备技术及其性能。并讨论了近年来纳米SiO2改性塑料的发展状况。     

纳米SiO2在塑料中的应用

本文论述了纳米SiO2粒子增强增韧塑料的机理,纳米SiO2粒子改性聚合物的方法,复合材料的制备技术及其性能.并讨论了近年来纳米SiO2改性塑料的发展状况.     

纳米无机粒子在塑料高性能化改性中的应用

综述了纳米无机粒子在塑料高韧性、高强度、高断裂伸长率、高耐热、高介电性及抗菌性、导电性、阻燃性、耐磨性等改性方面的应用进展。总结并讨论了纳米无机粒子的表面改性及分散处理对纳米无机粒子塑料复合材料性能的影响。     

纳米无机粒子对塑料增强增韧的"裂缝与银纹相互转化"机理

首次提出纳米无机粒子对塑料增强增韧作用的“裂缝与银纹相互转化”机理，通过扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）等实验手段，分析讨论了该机理的合理性，“裂缝与银纹相互转化”机理成功地解释了纳米无机粒子对塑料改性的一些实验结果，并对纳米无机粒子在塑料改性中的应用起到指导作用。     

聚氯乙烯低温增韧改性研究进展

本文对近年国内外关于聚氯乙烯塑料低温增韧改性研究中具有代表性的方法进行了总结。分别介绍了弹性体改性、无机纳米粒子改性、复合增韧改性的机理,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Analysis of asymmetric morphology evolutions in iPP molded samples induced by uneven temperature field

Mold surface temperature has a strong effect on the amount of molecular orientation and morphology developed in a non‐isothermal flowing polymer melt. In this work, a well‐characterized isotactic polypropylene was injected in a rectangular mold cavity asymmetrically conditioned by a thin electric heater specifically designed. The cavity surface was heated at temperatures ranging from 80 to 160°C for different times (0.5, 8, and 18 s) after the first contact with the polymer. Asymmetrical thermal conditions have a strong influence on the melt flow, by changing its distribution along the cavity thickness, and final part deformation. The morphology distribution of the molded samples was found strongly asymmetric with complex and peculiar features. Optical and Electron microscopy confirmed the complete reorganization of the crystalline structures along the sample thickness. X‐rays analysis reveals that molecular orientation of the sample surface decreases with the mold temperature and the heating time. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2699–2712, 2016     

Preparation and characterization of polynaphthyl amine (PNA) as a novel conducting polymer

A series of polynaphthyl amine (PNA) were prepared in acetone/water mixture (v/v) using different concentrations of potassium persulfate as an initiator in presence and in absence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a surface active agent. Polymers of various physical properties were prepared. The physical properties of PNA using different concentrations of potassium persulfate in presence and in absence of PVA were given. The specific conductance of the prepared polymers was found to be 0.055 ohm cm, 0.145 ohm⁻¹ cm⁻¹ and 0.083 ohm⁻¹ cm⁻¹, at 3, 1.5, and 0.75% of potassium persulfate, respectively. X‐ray diffraction analysis was carried out to the sample having the highest specific conductance. The confirmation of the prepared PNA was carried out using UV and IR spectrophotometry. Finally PNA showed good air stability and excellent solubility in organic solvents differing from that of polyaniline. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 988–992, 2000     

两亲性超支化聚酯-酰胺的制备及其性能

引言 在同一分子中,既含有亲水性链段,又含有疏水性链段的聚合物称为两亲性聚合物,这种聚合物的凝聚态常具有多相结构,并对不同极性的化合物都具有一定的亲和力,这种独特的性质就使其既不同于低分子表面活性剂也异于一般的离子聚合物.带有亲水性支链的两亲性聚合物具有很大的应用潜能.可以用作乳液和分散体的稳定剂,颜料及塑料的表面改性剂,高分子材料的助剂及改性剂等[1-2].     

Microstructure formation in polymer composites prepared with polypropylene and a polyaniline complex

BACKGROUND: Results of a feasibility study to produce elongated structures of an electro‐conductive polyaniline complex (PANICOM) within polymer composites by means of an in situ deformation process are reported. The aim was to find an alternative route to produce fiber‐like polymer materials with potential applications in electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection. PANICOM–polypropylene blends with PANICOM contents ranging from 1 to 50 wt% were capillary extruded. The microstructure was analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Conductivity measurements were carried out. Tensile mechanical properties were also characterized. RESULTS: PANICOM was deformed into elongated structures, embedded within the polypropylene, preferentially oriented in the extrusion direction. The highest conductivity levels were reached for PANICOM contents of 15 wt% and greater. For contents of PANICOM of about 5 to 10 wt%, the conductivities lay within the optimal ESD range, and the breaking tenacity was only about 25% lower than that of pure polypropylene. CONCLUSION: The results obtained provide further evidence to support the feasibility of producing electrically conductive fibers of PANICOM within a suitable polymer matrix by means of a simple in situ deformation process, so as to allow the fabrication of conducting composites with potential applications in ESD protection. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Grafting of polyelectrolytes onto polyacrylamide by reactive processing

Low‐molecular‐weight high‐charge‐density cationic poly diallydimethyl ammonium chloride (polyDADMAC) was grafted onto nonionic polyacrylamide (PAM) using organic peroxide initiators in the molten state carried out in a batch mixer. The graft copolymer can be used as a high performance flocculant. Glycerol was selected as a plasticizer. The grafting reaction was characterized in terms of composition, temperature, degree of grafting, and grafting efficiency. It was found that free radicals on polymer chains were induced by the decomposition of the initiator. Grafting was produced by free radical recombination termination. The degree of grafting increases with an increase of the polyDADMAC/PAM feed ratio. However, the grafting efficiency was lower than 10 wt % in this highly viscous polymer melt system. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 1412–1416, 1999     

新型功能高分子材料

功能高分子材料是新技术革命必不可少的关键材料,自20世纪60年代末发展迅速,品种繁多,并因为其特殊的功能备受人们的关注,本文简要介绍了功能高分子材料的概念及应用,综述了近年来国内外在功能高分子材料方面的研究进展,并对功能高分子材料的发展进行了展望。     

聚合物保温砂浆体系及其研究进展

文章综述了聚合物在保温砂浆体系中的应用,对聚合物在水泥砂浆中的作用机理进行了简要的说明,阐述了纤维增强聚合物的应用及对砂浆性能的影响,最后对聚合物保温砂浆的绝热机理进行了概述。     

Synthesis and characterization of azo‐based acrylate polymers for use as nonlinear optical materials

In this work, high molecular weight azo polymers were synthesized by incorporating the azo monomer into a base polymer through their reactive functional groups. Copolymers of methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid (with varying concentrations of carboxylic acid group) were synthesized. These were then reacted with epoxy‐terminated azo molecule by carboxylic acid–epoxy reaction. The functionalized systems show excellent film homogeneity and optical clarity. The series of copolymers were characterized using FTIR, NMR, UV–vis spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The polymer films coated on ITO glass slides were poled and their order parameters were calculated to check the stability of oriented dipoles. Temporal stability, checked up to 120 h under ambient conditions, was found to be excellent. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 425–431, 2007     

Phenol‐modified polypropylenes as adhesion promoters in glass fiber–reinforced polypropylene composites

This publication is based on research work done on functional phenol‐modified polypropylenes (PPs) as adhesion promoters in glass fiber–reinforced PP composites. The glass fiber roving was first impregnated with different combinations of functional polymers and polypropylene in a melt impregnation die attached to an extruder to obtain prepreg. The prepreg was then tested in many ways both macro‐ and micromechanically. The tests included notched tensile tests, optical and electron microscopy, and DMTA (dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer) and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) analyses as well as determination of the glass content. The tests were run on prepregs containing pure PP, PP with a commercial adhesion promoter, and PP with a number of functional, mostly phenol‐based, polymers. Also, single‐fiber tests were performed on individual glass fibers to test the level of adhesion with the above‐mentioned material combinations. With these tests it could be seen that some of the phenol‐based functional polymers provided the prepreg with better adhesion between the fibers and the matrix than did the commercial adhesion promoter. Optical and electron microscopy also were used in determining the level of adhesion as well as the deformation and fracture mechanisms of the prepreg. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1203–1213, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10441     

Gel formation and liquid crystalline order in cellulose triacetate solutions

The formation of a liquid crystalline state of cellulose triacetate solution in trifluoroacetic acid was studied using optical microscopy, polarimetry and circular dichroism measurements. Below a critical concentration of $\text{34}\text{g}\text{100}\text{ml}$ a clear isotropic solution was formed. Solutions more concentrated than this were in the cholesteric liquid crystalline state. If water was added to the solution, a gel phase was formed if the polymer concentration was above a critical value. We interpret our observations in terms of the Pincus-de Gennes theory and show that the formation of liquid crystalline order involves both inter-and intramolecular forces.