水痘-带状疱疹病毒的基因分型与分子进化

水痘-带状疱疹病毒(Varicella-zoster virus,VZV)又称人类疱疹病毒3型,属疱疹病毒科,与单纯疱疹病毒HSV-1、HSV-2一起归入α亚科。人类是其唯一的自然宿主,对其普遍易感。VZV引起的原发感染表现为水痘,并在宿主的感觉神经节内潜伏,再激活时可引起带状疱疹。近年来VZV分子流行病学的研究涉及流行病学、病毒学、生物信息学等相关领域,通过监测、研究VZV的基因变异,区分疫苗株或野生株引起的感染,探讨世界范围内各VZV病毒株的系统发育关系和各遗传支之间的分子进化史。现将近年来有关VZV不同的地理分布和遗传支进化的研究状况综述如下。     

以BAC为基础的水痘-带状疱疹病毒的感染性克隆技术及其应用

水痘-带状疱疹病毒（VZV）属于疱疹病毒科α亚科,其原发感染为水痘,潜伏再度激活则引起带状疱疹。目前对其基因功能和疫苗的减毒机制尚不十分清楚。细菌人工染色(BAC)是一种新的用于大分子DNA克隆的载体系统,它具有容量大、遗传稳定、操作简单等优点。将VZV全基因组克隆至BAC系统构建成VZV的感染性克隆,并利用现代基因修饰技术可极大促进对该病毒的研究。就近年来以BAC为基础VZV感染性克隆技术的建立和应用做一综述。     

水痘带状疱疹病毒皮层蛋白功能的研究进展

水痘带状疱疹病毒(VZV)初次感染可引发水痘并可长期潜伏在宿主神经节内,一旦再激活即可引起带状疱疹.VZV病毒具有疱疹病毒典型结构,从内向外依次是DNA核心、衣壳、皮层和囊膜.VZV皮层是核衣壳与囊膜之间一层无固定形状的蛋白层.VZV皮层由多种蛋白组成,但种类和功能仍未全部确定.本文综述了目前已发现的VZV皮层蛋白在病毒感染过程中发挥的多种作用,讨论了VZV皮层蛋白相关的蛋白-蛋白相互作用及其对病毒在SCID-hu人鼠嵌合感染模型中组织趋向性的影响,这将有助于更好地理解VZV皮层蛋白是如何帮助病毒DNA复制、逃避宿主免疫反应和致病.     

水痘减毒活疫苗的研究进展

水痘是由水痘-带状疱疹病毒( VZV) 引起的一种高传染性疾病。接种疫苗是预防和控制VZV 流行的最有效手段。美国从1995 年开始实施儿童接种水痘疫苗的政策, 显著降低了水痘相关疾病的发病率和病死率。近年来, 水痘疫苗在我国应用越来越广泛。本文就水痘减毒活疫苗Oka 株的研发, 疫苗的有效性、安全性, 病毒减毒的分子生物学特征和免疫策略等方面进行综述, 以期能更全面地认识水痘减毒疫苗在预防和控制VZV 传播方面所起的作用。     

利用接种人体组织的SCID小鼠研究疱疹病毒的发病机理

人细胞巨化病毒(HCMV)和带状疱疹病毒(VZV)属于疱疹病毒家族。对于有免疫力的宿主,HCMV很少引起疾病症状,但对于有免疫损害和成长中的胎儿,HCMV是引起感染性疾病和死亡的主要病因。VZV感染可引起水痘和带状疱疹。由于这些种属特异性疱疹病毒不能感染其他动物,没有动物模型可用于发病机理的研究。移植了人免疫组织的严重联合免疫缺陷小鼠(SCID-hu)为这项研究提供了一个有价值的模型。我们用HCMV或VZV感染SCID-hu以调查在人胎儿胸腺/肝脏组织的发病机理。HCMV临床分离株能在SCID-hu小鼠的移植组织中复制达到较高的滴度。然而…     

水痘-带状疱疹病毒分离和鉴定

本文报告了用7份水痘或带状疱疹病人的皮肤病变水泡液,在人胚肺二倍体细胞(2BS)中培养传代,分离到7株病毒分离物,第一株是由带状疱疹病例分离到的,经细胞病变、核内包涵体和电镜形态学观察,认为此分离物属于疱疹病毒科成员;经血清学鉴定,证实为水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV),其宿主范围与疱疹病毒(HSV)不同,余6株分离物经ELISA、IFA及CF血清学试验鉴定均为VZV。     

疱疹病毒科研究进展

疱疹病毒是一类大型双链DNA病毒.至今已发现9种疱疹病毒可感染人类,分别是单纯疱疹病毒1型、2型(HSV-1、2)、带状疱疹病毒(VZV)、EB病毒(EBV)、人巨细胞病毒(HCMV),以及人疱疹病毒(HHV)-6A、HHV-6B、HHV-7、卡波济肉瘤相关病毒(HHV-8)等,它们是已知感染人类的病毒种类数最多的一个病毒科.     

中国六省水痘-带状疱疹病毒糖蛋白基因特征分析

为研究中国水痘-带状疱疹病毒(Varicella Zoster Virus,VZV)gH(Glycoprotein H)、gK(Glycoprotein K)、gI(Glycoprotein I)糖蛋白基因特征,选取2007~2015年在中国六省收集的VZV疑似患者的疱疹液或咽拭子标本,经聚合酶链反应(Polymerase chain reaction,PCR)方法进行阳性鉴定及3个糖蛋白的全基因片段扩增,所得序列与GenBank中已公布的疫苗株及野毒株序列进行比对分析。结果筛选出12份阳性VZV标本,gH、gK、gI与水痘疫苗株核苷酸和氨基酸同源性相比分别为99.8%~100%、99.8%~100%,99.8%~100%、99.6%~100%,99.9%~100%、99.7%~100%;与疫苗株相比在gH、gK、gI糖蛋白基因位点上12份阳性标本分别至少有一个核苷酸差异;与GeneBank中已报告的野毒株相比核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为99.6%~100%、99.3%~100%,99.7%~100%、99.3%~100%,99.7%~100%、99.7%~100%。本研究通过分析中国六省VZV糖蛋白gH、gK、gI的基因特征,发现这三个糖蛋白高度保守,抗原性稳定,为了解中国水痘带状疱疹病毒野毒株糖蛋白本底资料,丰富基因数据,从分子水平上为疫苗效果的评估、基因组学的研究提供基础数据。但中国地域辽阔,人口众多,还需每年连续监测并进一步扩大VZV病毒监测的地域。     

水痘一带状疱疹病毒研究进展

水痘－带状疱疹病毒（ＶＺＶ）是致人类疾病的重要疱疹病毒之一。为预防水痘与带状疱疹,日本研制成功水痘减毒活疫苗,并出口到世界一些国家。本文就ＶＺＶ的分子生物学特性、病毒的致病机制与临床特征、病毒感染的体液免疫与细胞免疫,水痘疫苗株病毒与疫苗等的研究情况作一简要综述。     

带状疱疹减毒活疫苗在50岁以上成人肌内注射与皮下注射用法的比较:随机、非劣性临床试验

正Zostavax是一种针对50岁以上人群水痘带状疱疹及带状疱疹后遗神经痛研发的带状疱疹病毒(VZV)减毒活疫苗。在Zostavax的临床研究期间,主要是在美国,疫苗是通过皮下(SC)注射途径给予。在欧洲,许多医疗保健专业人士更喜欢通过肌内(IM)注射途径给予疫苗。这是一项对354名50岁以上受试者的非盲、随机试验。主要目的是证明,在糖蛋白酶联免疫吸附试验测量的疫苗接种后4周     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.