Mg-5Y-0.5Ce-0.5Zr合金的热压缩行为

在变形温度为300～450 oC、应变速率为0.01～1 s-1的条件下进行热压缩试验,对Mg-5Y-0.5Ce-0.5Zr镁合金的热变形行为进行了研究。结果表明,在热压缩变形过程中,该合金的流变应力随着变形温度和应变速率的变化而变化。在同一应变速率下,流变应力随着变形温度的增高而降低;在同一变形温度下,流变应力随着应变速率的减小而减小。该合金热压缩流变应力的本构方程可采用双曲正弦形式构建,热变形激活能Q为253 kJ/mol。     

考虑应变补缩的6063铝合金高温流变应力本构方程(英文)

为了建立精确模拟6063铝合金高温流变应力的本构方程,在温度为573~773 K和应变速率为0.5~50 s-1的条件下,采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机进行等温热压缩实验。结果表明:可以采用参数Z描述温度和应变速率对6063铝合金热变形行为的影响,建立的本构方程中的材料常数(α,n,Q和A)可以表示成应变的4次多项式函数。模拟结果表明:所建立的本构方程能精确预测6063铝合金高温流变应力,因此,本构方程适合用于模拟热变形过程,如挤压和锻造,并且可以在工程应用中正确设计变形参数。     

AA7005铝合金的热加工变形特性

研究了AA7005合金高温压缩变形时的流变应力、动态回复与再结晶以变形组织变化特征。合金稳态变形时,应变速度、温度和流变应力之间满足包含热激活材料常数的Arrhenius项的双曲正弦关系,变形过程为受位错增殖和相互销毁速率控制的热激活过程,螺型位错的交滑移和刃型位错的攀移为主要动态回复机制。动态回复时,形成典型的变形亚晶组织,亚晶尺寸随1nZ的减小而增大。高温低速变形条件下,合金发生局部几何动态再结晶,流变曲线呈现连续下降的特征,形成与原始纤维组织不同的细小等轴大角度再结晶晶粒。     

Flow curve correction and processing map of 2050 Al–Li alloy

Hot compression tests of 2050 Al–Li alloy were performed in the deformation temperature range of 340–500 °C and strain rate range of 0.001–10 s^–1 to investigate the hot deformation behavior of the alloy. The effects of friction and temperature difference on flow stress were analyzed and the flow curves were corrected. Based on the dynamic material model, processing map at a strain of 0.5 was established. The grain structure of the compressed samples was observed using optical microscopy. The results show that friction and temperature variation during the hot compression have significant influences on flow stress. The optimum processing domains are in the temperature range from 370 to 430 °C with the strain rate range from 0.01 to 0.001 s^–1, and in the temperature range from 440 to 500 °C with the strain rate range from 0.3 to 0.01 s^–1; the flow instable region is located at high strain rates (3–10 s^–1) in the entire temperature range. Dynamic recovery (DRV) and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) are the main deformation mechanisms of the 2050 alloy in the stable domains, whereas the alloy exhibits flow localization in the instable region.     

DYNAMIC RECOVERY AND DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION OF 7005 ALUMINIUM ALLOY DURING HOT COMPRESSION

1.IntrottionItiswellknownthatworkhardeninganddynathecsofteningbehavescontradictorilydur-lughotworkingofmaterials.DislocationgenerationandintersectionsOfdislocationsduringI)lasticdeformationleadstoworkhardening,WhilesofteningismainlysuPPliedbydynamoicrecoveryand/ordynamicrecrystallization,whichresultsfromcoalescence,annihilationandreconstmctionofdislocationsbycross--slipandclilnhwiththeaidofaPPliedstressandthermal..ti.ati..Lll2}.However,completeannihilationofdislocationsreqUirescross--slipa…     

An Application of ANFIS to Predict the Hot Flow Behavior of 6063 Aluminum Alloy

In order to determine the optimum hot-forming processing parameters for 6063 aluminum alloy, the compressive deformation behavior of 6063 aluminum alloy was investigated at the temperatures from 300 to 500?°C and strain rates from 0.5 to 50?s^?1 on a Gleeble-1500 Thermal Simulator. Based on the compression experimental data, a novel adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model is developed to predict the flow behavior of 6063 aluminum alloy. In the ANFIS system, the inputs of the ANFIS are the strain, the strain rate and the temperature, whereas the flow stress is the output. The effects of strain, strain rate, and temperature on the flow behavior of 6063 aluminum alloy have been studied by comparing the experimental and the predicted results using the developed ANFIS model. The results show that predicted values using the developed model are in good agreement with the experimental data, which demonstrates the reliability of the developed ANFIS model.     

Mg-11.21Gd-2.26Y-0.44Zr稀土镁合金热变形行为

采用差热分析、金相显微镜等手段,分析了Mg-11.21Gd-2.26Y-0.44Zr稀土镁合金的微观组织,结果发现,在温度530℃均匀化热处理4h,可使大部分合金元素固溶。采用Gleeble3800热模拟实验机,在温度为320℃～480℃、应变速率为0.001s-1～0.1s-1、最大变形程度为60%的条件下,对该镁合金进行热压缩实验,结果表现,材料流变应力行为和显微组织受到变形温度和变形速率的严重影响;合金的流动应力可以采用Sellars方程形式描述;计算出的变形激活能为225.67kJ.mol-1。     

半固态7050铝合金热压缩变形行为

在Gleeble-3500热模拟机上对半固态7050铝合金进行了高温热压缩试验,研究了该合金在变形温度为420～465℃、应变速率为0.001～0.100s-1条件下的流变应力行为以及变形过程中的显微组织。结果表明,流变应力在变形初期随着应变的增大迅速增大,出现峰值应力后逐渐平稳,流变应力随着应变速率的增大而增大,随着变形温度的升高而下降;流变应力可以用双曲线正弦形式的关系来描述,通过线性拟合计算出该材料的形变激活能等参数,获得流变应力的本构方程。随着变形温度升高和应变速率降低,合金中拉长的晶粒变大,合金热压缩变形的主要软化机制为动态再结晶。     

6082铝合金的高温本构关系

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟机,研究6082铝合金在350℃～500℃、应变速率10-2s-1～5s-1、最大变形程度60%条件下的热压缩变形行为。得到了高温下该铝合金的真应力-应变曲线。分析流变应力与应变速率和变形温度之间的关系,建立了高温热变形的本构关系。推导出包含Arrhenius项的Zener-Hollomon参数所描述的高温流变应力表达式。为减少应变的影响,建立4阶多项式对材料参数进行拟合,得到改进的本构方程,并与实验值进行对比。结果表明,应变速率和变形温度对6082铝合金流变应力有显著影响,流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的增大而增大。该合金属于正应变速率敏感材料,合金热变形过程受热激活控制,激活能为145.977kJ/mol。     

考虑应变因素的2099合金高温流变行为模型

采用等温热压缩试验研究2099合金在变形温度300～500℃、应变速率0．001～10s-1条件下的热变形行为。为了准确地表征流变行为,采用摩擦与温度修正后的实验数据构建本构模型。结果表明,温度和应变速率对合金热变形行为的影响可用包含Arrhenius关系的z参数来表征。此外,通过计算不同应变量下的材料常数（a、n、Q和A）考虑了应变对本构模型的影响。利用统计分析对比了由本构模型获得的预测曲线与试验修正曲线,二者显示了很好的吻合,这表明所构建的本构模型能够很好地预测2099合金的热变形流变行为。     

AZ31镁合金热变形流动应力预测模型

采用近等温单轴压缩实验获得了AZ3l镁合金变形温度为523 723 K,应变速率为0.01—10 s^-1条件下的流动应力,分析了变形温度和应变速率对流动应力的影响规律.结果表明,AZ31镁合金变形过程中发生了动态再结晶,523 K时形成细小组织;而723 K时动态再结晶和长大的晶粒沿径向拉长.考虑实验过程塑性变形功和摩擦功引起的温度升高,在高应变速率条件下采用温度补偿修正了流动应力.在此基础上,建立了基于双曲正弦模型的峰值流动应力和统一本构关系,该模型利用材料参数耦合应变来描述流动应力的应变敏感性,进一步获得了合金热变形过程中流动应力与变形温度、应变速率和应变的定量关系.采用该本构关系模型预测流动应力具有较高的精度,预测值与实测值相关系数为0.976,平均相对误差为5.07%,实验条件范围内预测的流动应力与实验值几乎能保持一致.     

一种新型亚稳β钛合金热变形的本构模型(英文)

基于新型亚稳β钛合金Ti2448在温度1023～1123K、应变速率63～0.001s-1下的等温热压缩流动应力曲线特征,构建能够完整描述该合金流动应力与应变、应变速率、变形温度之间关系的本构模型。在此过程中,通过基于统一黏塑形理论改进双曲正弦函数,构建合金在高应变速率(≥1s-1)下发生动态回复(DRV)的模型;通过对标准的Avrami方程进行简化,表征了Ti2448在低应变率(1s-1)下发生的动态再结晶(DRX)软化机制。最终通过应用全局优化求解非线性方程的新方法确定模型中的相关参数。根据所建模型得到的预测曲线和实验曲线吻合得较好,能够有效预测Ti2448在热变形过程中的流动应力,为构建亚稳β钛合金热变形本构模型提供一种有效的方法。     

Constitutive modeling of flow behavior of precipitation-hardened AA7022-T6 aluminum alloy at elevated temperature

The thermomechanical behavior of precipitation-hardened aluminum alloy AA7022-T6 was studied using isothermal compression at temperatures of 623−773 K and strain rates of 0.01−1 s⁻¹. The experimental results indicated that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) is a predominant hot deformation mechanism, especially at elevated temperatures and low strain rates. The modified Johnson−Cook (J−C) and the strain compensated Arrhenius-type models were developed to predict the hot flow behavior under different deformation conditions. The correlation coefficients of modified J−C model and the strain compensated Arrhenius-type models were 0.9914 and 0.9972, respectively, their average relative errors (ARE) were 6.074% and 4.465%, respectively, and their root mean square errors (RMSE) were 10.611 and 1.665 MPa, respectively, indicating that the strain compensated Arrhenius-type model can predict the hot flow stress of AA7022-T6 aluminum alloy with an appropriate accuracy.     

Research on the Hot Deformation Behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy During Compression at Elevated Temperature

The flow behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy during hot compression deformation was studied by isothermal compression test using Gleeble-1500 thermo-mechanical equipment. Compression tests were performed in the temperature range of 340-500 °C and in the strain rate range of 0.001-10 s^?1.The results indicate that the flow stress of the alloy increases with increasing strain rate at a given temperature, and decreases with increasing temperature at a given imposed strain rate. The relationship between flow stress and strain rate and temperature was derived by analyzing the experimental data. The constitutive equation of Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy during hot compression deformation can be described by the Arrhenius relationship of the hyperbolic sine form. The values of A, n, and α in the analytical expression of strain rate are fitted to be 1.49 × 10¹⁰ s^?1, 7.504, and 0.0114 MPa^?1, respectively. The hot deformation activation energy of the alloy during compression is 150.25 kJ/mol. The temperature and strain rate have great influences on microstructure evolution of Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy during hot compression deformation. According to microstructure evolution, the dynamic flow softening is mainly caused by dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization in this present experiment.     

7075铝合金热压缩变形流变应力

在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上,采用高温等温压缩试验,对7075铝合金在高温压缩变形中的流变应力行为进行了研究。结果表明,应变速率和变形温度的变化强烈地影响合金流变应力的大小,流变应力随变形温度升高而降低,随应变速率提高而增大;可用Zener-Hollomon参数的指数形式来描述7075铝合金高温压缩变莆时的流变应力行为。     

铸态AZ80镁合金高温热变形行为研究

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上对铸态AZ80镁合金在应变速率为0.005s-1~5s-1、变形温度为200℃~400℃条件下的高温热压缩变形行为进行了研究。结果表明,材料真应力-真应变曲线呈现动态再结晶特征。在温度T≥250℃,试样流变应力行为对应变速率敏感;在低温下T=200℃,应变速率对流变应力影响不大。高温下试样流变应力符合幂指数函数关系,应力指数n为6,热变形激活能Q为220kJ/mol。在高应变速率条件下,试样在变形中的温升是应变量的函数。实验中,Zener-Hollomon参数值大的试样温升明显,而Zener-Hollomon值小的试样变形温度基本保持不变。     

Flow stress and dynamic recrystallization behavior of Al-9Mg-1.1Li-0.5Mn alloy during hot compression process

The flow stress behavior of spray-formed Al-9Mg-1.1Li-0.5Mn alloy was studied using thermal simulation tests on a Gleeble-3500 machine over deformation temperature range of 300-450 °C and strain rate of 0.01-10 s^?1. The microstructural evolution of the alloy during the hot compression process was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron back scatter diffractometry (EBSD). The results show that the flow stress behavior and microstructural evolution are sensitive to deformation parameters. The peak stress level, steady flow stress, dislocation density and amount of substructures of the alloy increase with decreasing deformation temperature and increasing strain rate. Conversely, the high angle grain boundary area increases, the grain boundary is in serrated shape and the dynamic recrystallization in the alloy occurs. The microstructure of the alloy is fibrous-like and the main softening mechanism is dynamic recovery during steady deformation state. The flow stress behavior can be represented by the Zener-Hollomon parameter Z in the hyperbolic sine equation with the hot deformation activation energy of 184.2538 kJ/mol. The constitutive equation and the hot processing map were established. The hot processing map exhibits that the optimum processing conditions for Al-9Mg-1.1Li-0.5Mn alloy are in deformation temperature range from 380 to 450 °C and strain rate range from 0.01 to 0.1 s^?1.     

Al-20Cu-4.5Si-3Ni-0.25RE合金的高温流变本构方程

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上进行高温等温圆柱体压缩试验,研究Al-20Cu-4．5Si-3Ni-0.25RE合金在高温塑性变形过程中流变应力的变化规律。结果表明：应变速率和变形温度的变化强烈地影响Al-20Cu-4．5Si-3Ni-0．25RE合金的流变应力,流变应力随变形温度升高而降低,随应变速率提高而增大。可用Zener-Hollomon参数的双曲正弦形式来描述Al-20Cu-4．5Si-3Ni-0．25RE合金热压缩变形时的流变应力行为。     

35% SiC_p/2024A1复合材料的热变形行为(英文)

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,对35%SiCp/2024A1复合材料在温度350~500°C、应变速率0.01~10s-1的条件下进行热压缩试验,研究该复合材料的热变形行为与热加工特征,建立热变形本构方程和加工图。结果表明,35%SiCp/2024A1复合材料的流变应力随着温度的升高而降低,随着应变速率的增大而升高,说明该复合材料是正应变速率敏感材料,其热压缩变形时的流变应力可采用Zener-Hollomon参数的双曲正弦形式来描述;在本实验条件下平均热变形激活能为225.4 kJ/mol。为了证实其潜在的可加工性,对加工图中的稳定区和失稳区进行标识,并通过微观组织得到验证。综合考虑热加工图和显微组织,得到变形温度500°C、应变速率0.1~1 s-1是复合材料适宜的热变形条件。     

锻态C-276镍基合金热变形行为及热加工图

为研究锻态C-276镍基合金的热变形行为,采用Gleeble-3180D热模拟试验机对该合金在变形温度950~1200℃以及应变速率0.01~10 s^-1条件下进行一系列热压缩实验。结果表明,合金的流变应力曲线都呈现明显的动态再结晶特征,并且流变应力随变形温度的提升或者应变速率的下降而降低。根据Arrhenius模型构建该合金峰值应力下的本构方程,得出合金的变形激活能为510.484 kJ/mol。依据材料动态模型绘制合金在0.6应变下的热加工图,并结合组织分析提出该合金最优的热加工参数为(1100℃,0.01 s^-1)以及(1150℃,0.01~1 s^-1)。另外,合金的组织变化规律表明,温度的增加或应变速率的降低能够促进合金的动态再结晶晶粒的形核与长大。