长期接触农药对女性生殖功能的影响

研究长期接触农药对女性生殖机能的危害．从而制定劳动保护措施．以减少对妇女的影响。方法：选择接触农药的女性作为观察组，未接触农药的女性作为对照组．采用问卷调查和流行病学调查的方法．分析接触农药的女性生殖机能的变化。结果：长期接触农药的女性，月经异常、妊娠合并症、自然流产、难产及产后泌乳不足的发生率高于对照组，并有统计学意义。结论：长期接触农药对女性生殖机能有明显的危害．应采取适合的劳动保护措施。     

长期接触农药对女性生殖功能的影响

目的:研究长期接触农药对女性生殖机能的危害,从而制定劳动保护措施,以减少对妇女的影响。方法:选择接触农药的女性作为观察组,未接触农药的女性作为对照组,采用问卷调查和流行病学调查的方法,分析接触农药的女性生殖机能的变化。结果:长期接触农药的女性。月经异常、妊娠合并症、自然流产、难产及产后泌乳不足的发生率高于对照组,并有统计学意义。结论:长期接触农药对女性生殖机能有明显的危害,应采取适合的劳动保护措施。     

长期接触农药对女性生殖功能的影响

目的研究长期接触农药对女性生殖机能的危害,从而制定劳动保护措施,以减少对妇女的影响.方法选择接触农药的女性作为观察组,未接触农药的女性作为对照组,采用问卷调查和流行病学调查的方法,分析接触农药的女性生殖机能的变化.结果长期接触农药的女性,月经异常、妊娠合并症、自然流产、难产及产后泌乳不足的发生率高于对照组,并有统计学意义.结论长期接触农药对女性生殖机能有明显的危害,应采取适合的劳动保护措施.     

职业性铅暴露对女性生殖功能影响的Meta分析

目的：综合分析职业性铅暴露与女性生殖功能之间的关系,为制订防制措施提供科学依据。方法：通过计算机和手工检索,收集国内发表的关于职业性铅暴露与女工生殖功能关系的文献,按纳入和剔除标准严格筛选,采用Meta分析合并文献效应值,并进行一致性检验及发表偏倚检验。结果：共纳入17篇文献,职业性铅暴露与女性痛经关系的合并OR值（95% CI）为3．38（1．45,7．87）、周期异常的合并OR值（95％CI）为2．37（1．95,2．88）,先兆流产的合并OR值（95% CI）为4．24（2．19,8．22）,妊娠高血压的合并OR值（95％CI）为3．37（1．09—10．44）,死产死胎的合并OR值（95％CI）为3．90（2．43,6．56）,自然流产的合并OR值（95％CI）为3．10（2．17,4．43）,新生儿低体重的合并OR值（95％CI）为4．47（2．78,7．21）,畸形的合并OR值（95％CI）为3．63（2．12,6．22）。结论：女工职业性铅暴露可影响其生殖功能,应对其进一步采取保护措施。     

农药暴露对女性生殖健康的影响

目的：研究不同程度农药暴露对女性生殖健康的影响。方法选择长期接触农药的育龄期女性319人为观察组,其中低暴露强度104人,中暴露强度112人,高暴露强度103人;以未长期接触农药的育龄期女性109人为对照组,通过问卷调查的方式搜集资料并进行数据之间的比较。结果不同强度的农药暴露对女性的月经功能、性功能状况、乳腺疾病、阴道炎、不良妊娠结局的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,且与农药暴露的相关系数分别是0.257,0.113,0.127,0.125和0.119,其中长期农药暴露对月经功能和乳腺疾病影响显著（ P＜0.01）,但不同农药暴露对子宫疾病、孕期并发症影响较小（P＞0.05）。结论长期农药暴露对女性生殖系统健康有一定影响,其中对月经功能、性功能状况、阴道炎、乳腺病、不良妊娠结局等方面影响比较显著。应增强农药使用者的安全意识,促进女性农药使用者的生殖健康。     

温室农药暴露与作业人员不良健康结局关系的meta分析

目的综合分析温室大棚农药暴露对人体健康的影响。方法系统检索并筛选关于温室大棚农药暴露对人体健康影响的研究文献,采用Revman 5.3软件对纳入的各研究结果进行异质性检验,并采用相应的数学模型进行数据合并,采用meta分析探讨温室农药暴露对人体健康的影响。结果共有14篇文献纳入研究。与对照组相比,温室农药暴露人员的健康不良结局为自然流产(OR=2.03)、出生缺陷(OR=10.58)、月经异常(OR=2.70)、新生儿死亡(OR=2.49)、呼吸困难(OR=2.89)、咳嗽(OR=2.36)、咯痰(OR=1.49)、皮肤发红(OR=2.10)、皮肤瘙痒(OR=2.54),且差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论温室农药暴露可能增加作业人员生殖系统、呼吸系统及皮肤系统相关症状的发生率。     

温室条件下农药使用与女性菜农生殖系统疾病相关性分析

目的探讨大棚种植中农药暴露对女性生殖健康的影响。方法对从事蔬菜大棚种植的女性进行问卷调查,将农药暴露分为低、中、高三个暴露组,对不同农药暴露组之间均衡性检验后分析农药暴露对女性生殖健康的影响。结果低、中、高三个农药暴露组,分别为183、174、212人。除孕期并发症以外,不同农药暴露组女性月经功能异常状况、妇科疾病、不良妊娠结局、性功能状况的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且与农药的相关系数分别为0.49、0.31、0.13、0.16。结论长期农药暴露对女性生殖健康具有影响,其中对女性月经功能状况、妇科疾病、不良妊娠结局、性功能状况等的影响最为明显。     

广西铁路系统女职工月经异常的影响因素调查

目的探讨铁路系统女职工月经异常的影响因素,减少职业女性生殖健康问题发生。方法选取2 020例铁路女职工进行问卷调查,并应用统计分析找出铁路系统女职工月经异常的影响因素。结果铁路系统女职工月经异常发生率为42.62%。多元Logistic回归分析发现,婚姻状况(OR=0.729,95%CI:0.606~0.875,P=0.001)、是否轮班作业(OR=1.759,95%CI:1.441~2.148,P=0.000)、是否在工作场所接触有毒有害物质(OR=0.712,95%CI:0.584~0.868,P=0.001)及妇科疾病史(OR=2.529,95%CI:2.059~3.105,P=0.000)是铁路女职工月经异常的影响因素。结论广西铁路系统女职工月经异常发生率与以往结果相似,相关部门应加强对铁路系统女职工劳动保护及经期保健,减少月经异常导致的生殖健康问题及不良妊娠结局的发生。     

CYP1A1基因多态性与女性子宫内膜癌易感性关系的Meta分析

目的综合评价CYP1A1基因多态性与女性子宫内膜癌遗传易感性的关联度。方法通过检索万方、CNKI、维普和PUBMED数据库,获取CYP1A1基因多态性与女性子宫内膜癌易感性关系的病例-对照研究。以子宫内膜癌组与对照组人群基因型分布的OR值为效应指标,采用REVMAN4．2软件进行Meta分析,并根据一致性检验的结果选用合适的模型进行数据的合并。结果入选文献共4篇,其中英文文献1篇,中文文献3篇,累计病例数和对照数分别为908和1585例。CYP1A1CC（纯合子模型）合并后OR值为1．19（95％CI：0．81～1．74）。CYP1A1（杂合子模型）合并后OR值为1．37（95％CI：1．12—1．67）,CYP1A1等位基因C合并后OR值为1．19（95％CI：1．03—1．39）。结论CYP1A1的基因多态性与子宫内膜癌的易感性有关。     

接触邻苯二甲酸酯对女工生殖系统的影响

目的探讨邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)暴露对女工生殖系统的影响及其影响因素分析。方法采用整群抽样法选取某地区在PAEs职业环境(塑料作业)中作业的女工300名作为接触组,另选非PAEs职业环境作业女工300名作为对照组。调查一般资料、生殖健康状况。结果接触组月经异常率、妊娠并发症发生率、不良妊娠结局、不良新生儿结局、生殖系统疾病发生率明显高于对照组(P0.05),且logistic回归分析显示,作业接触PAEs与月经异常密切相关(P0.05)。结论女工PAEs职业暴露可导致月经异常,与部分妊娠并发症、不良妊娠结局及生殖内分泌疾病有关。     

农业地区人群膀胱癌死亡率与环境中农药暴露的相关性

分析农业地区人群膀胱癌死亡率与环境中农药暴露是否存在相关关系。方法收集沈阳市六个郊区县的农药资料和膀胱癌死亡资料，用SPSS(10.0)统计软件进行spearsman等级相关及线性回归分析。结果农业用途和杀菌剂及其它种类的农药使用密度与膀胱癌死亡率显著正相关。按性别分析，男性膀胱癌死亡率与农业用途、杀菌剂及其它种类的农药使用密度显著正相关；而女性膀胱癌死亡率只与畜牧业用途的农药使用密度显著相关。线性回归分析显示男性与农业用途和其它种类、女性与畜牧业用途的农药使用密度存在线性依存关系。结论农业地区人群膀胱癌死亡率与环境中农药暴露存在相关关系。     

长期接触低剂量有机磷农药对人体健康影响的研究进展

有机磷农药（OPs）是我国使用量最大的一类农药之一，广泛使用于水果、蔬菜、烟草、棉花等作物。近年来，由OPs引起的急性中毒事件已逐步减少，而长期低剂量暴露OPs对人体健康的危害逐渐引起了人们的重视。越来越多的研究发现长期低剂量暴露OPs与人体肿瘤的发生，不良生殖结局，神经及神经行为功能的异常有密切关系。     

Time to pregnancy and exposure to pesticides in Danish farmers. ASCLEPIOS Study Group

OBJECTIVE: Circumstantial evidence suggests that organic farmers may have higher sperm count than other men, but comprehensive epidemiological studies of male fecundity among farmers have never been carried out. A substantial increase of sperm count is expected to translate into a shorter time to pregnancy--the number of menstrual cycles or months it takes a couple to get pregnant from discontinuation of birth control. Toxicological effects on spermatogenesis in humans and animals have been described after exposure to several pesticides. The aim of this study was to examine time to pregnancy among farmers who used pesticides (traditional farmers) and farmers who did not (organic farmers). METHODS: A total of 904 (84%) men, selected from the Danish Ministry of Agriculture lists of traditional and organic farmers, participated in telephone interviews. Information was collected on time to pregnancy for the youngest child, exposure to pesticides, and potential confounders. RESULTS: With the discrete analogue of the Cox regression model (including potential confounders: male and female smoking, female age, parity, and contraceptive method), the fecundability ratio between traditional farmers who used pesticides and organic farmers was 1.03 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.75 to 1.40). In the group of farmers who sprayed with pesticides, none of the characteristics related to the use of pesticides could account for the variation in time to pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: No overall effect of pesticides on male fecundability was found in this retrospective study among Danish farmers. Also, we found no evidence of higher male fecundability in organic farmers.

 

     

南通市某有机磷农药生产企业职工血清中胆碱酯酶和丙氨酸氨基转移酶活力测定结果

目的了解南通市2011年某有机磷农药生产企业职工血清胆碱酯酶(CHE)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活力测定结果,并分析相关的影响因素。方法对2011年南通市某农药厂485名职工进行职业健康检查,并分析289名有机磷作业人群(暴露组)和196名非暴露人群(对照组)的血清CHE、ALT活力检测结果。结果职业暴露组工人CHE明显低于对照组,ALT活力水平明显高于对照组。职业暴露人群不同工龄组比较:工龄≤1 a组和10 a组CHE活力明显高于1～10 a组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),≤1 a组CHE低于10 a组(P0.01);随着工龄的增长,ALT呈增高趋势,工龄越长,ALT水平越高,各工龄组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。女性暴露人群CHE和ALT水平均显著低于男性(P0.01和P0.05)。结论有机磷农药作业对职业人群的CHE、ALT影响显著,应引起足够重视,加强防护。     

Estimation of long-term exposure to pesticides

Quantifying the exposure of agricultural workers to pesticides is difficult in the face of the heterogeneity of the pesticides used, the variability in methods of application, and the lack of adequate exposure data. This report describes an attempt to estimate long-term dermal and inhalation exposure of bulb farmers by the development of an exposure index. This proposed exposure index consists of generic levels of exposure specific to the method of application, which were derived from databases as well as from field studies. The index is further determined by farm-related parameters such as acreage and number of pesticide applications ascertained from questionnaire responses. A widely used dithiocarbamate mixture served as a marker compound for exposure to other pesticides. Ranking of 127 bulb farmers according to calculated lifetime dermal exposure correlated only moderately to ranking based on duration of exposure, e.g., years of exposure and farm acreage. This finding indicates that the proposed exposure index could provide a useful estimate of long-term exposure to a mixture of pesticides in epidemi-ological investigations.     

Effects on Puberty of Nutrition-Mediated Endocrine Disruptors Employed in Agriculture

Pesticide residues are largely found in daily consumed food because of their extensive use in farming and their long half-life, which prolongs their presence in the environment. Many of these pesticides act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals after pre- or postnatal exposure, significantly affecting, among other things, the time of puberty onset, progression, and completion. In humans, precocious or delayed puberty, and early or delayed sexual maturation, may entail several negative long-term health implications. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the impact of endocrine-disrupting pesticides upon the timing of the landmarks of female and male puberty in both animals (vaginal opening, first estrus, and balanopreputial separation) and humans (thelarche, menarche, gonadarche). Moreover, we explore the possible mechanisms of action of the reviewed endocrine-disrupting pesticides on the human reproductive system. Access to safe, healthy, and nutritious food is fundamental for the maintenance of health and wellbeing. Eliminating the presence of hazardous chemicals in largely consumed food products may increase their nutritional value and be proven beneficial for overall health. Consequently, understanding the effects of human exposure to hazardous endocrine-disrupting pesticides, and legislating against their circulation, are of major importance for the protection of health in vulnerable populations, such as children and adolescents.     

长期低剂量接触有机磷农药效应标志物研究进展

有机磷酸酯类农药（OP）是我国大陆目前生产和使用最多的一种农药,其长期低剂量接触多见于生产、仓储、销售、混配、施用等过程,在农药的职业危害控制中占有十分重要的地位。探讨长期低剂量接触OP的效应标志物,对于及时发现职业接触人群早期健康损害,预防和控制慢性农药中毒具有十分重要的意义。     

Effects of separate and combined exposure to the pesticides methamidophos and chlorothalonil on the development of suckling rats

It has been suggested that, in some cases, exposure to environmental contaminants affects children more profoundly than adults. It is important to evaluate adverse health outcomes in children, a population susceptible to toxic chemicals and mixtures. We examined the effects that maternal exposure to two pesticides had on maturational aspects of offspring development during the nursing period. Nursing female rats were exposed to 1-4mg/kg of intraperitoneal methamidophos, 200-800mg/kg of chlorothalonil, or both. The higher doses of methamidophos affected pup viability by day 21 of life. Both pesticides, alone or together, affected body weight gain of dams and offspring. Developmental milestones evaluated in the pups were incisor eruption, ear unfolding, eye opening and testis descent. Although no clear dose-response relationship was established between these milestones and exposure to methamidophos or chlorothalonil, incisor eruption was accelerated in many groups, and the majority of rat offspring exposed to methamidophos presented later ear unfolding and eye opening than did the control group offspring. Sexual maturation (testis descent) was significantly delayed in some groups. For dams and pups alike, simultaneous exposure to both pesticides was not found to have a greater toxic effect than that resulting from exposure to only one of the two. Taken together, these results demonstrate exposure-related influences on several developmental measures. Detection of more subtle effects may be improved through the use of the developmental temporal response protocols utilized in this study.