Ni-CeO2复合镀层厚度对δ-Ni2Al3-CeO2/Ni-CeO2涂层体系扩散行为的影响

在Ni基体电沉积不同厚度的Ni-CeO₂复合镀层并对其进行620 °C低温渗铝,制备了剩余复合镀层厚度分别约为10和45 μm厚的δ-Ni₂Al₃-CeO₂/Ni-CeO₂涂层体系。1000 °C真空退火5 h后,以上两种涂层体系均可在铝化物/镀层界面形成CeO₂富集层。但剩余复合镀层厚度为10 μm的涂层体系由于氧化物富集程度不足,涂层退化程度较剩余复合镀层厚度为45 μm的涂层体系严重。可见,在镀层氧化物颗粒含量一定的情况下,渗铝后剩余镀层厚度是影响扩散障有效性的重要因素。     

一种可内生Al_2O_3扩散障的δ-Ni_2Al_3-Cr_2O_3/Ni-Cr_2O_3涂层体系

通过对Ni-Cr2O3复合镀层620℃部分渗铝制备了δ-Ni2Al3-Cr2O3/Ni-Cr2O3涂层体系。Cr2O3颗粒在渗铝的过程中和Al反应生成更为稳定的Al2O3。1000℃恒温氧化20 h后发现,铝化物涂层和复合镀层内掺杂的Cr2O3颗粒完全转化为Al2O3,并在铝化物涂层/Ni镀层界面自发形成了一层Al2O3富集层,该富集层起扩散障作用,阻碍铝化物涂层因互扩散所致的退化。     

NiCrAlY/Al-Al2O3/Ti2AlNb高温抗氧化和力学性能研究

采用电弧离子镀技水在NiCrAlY涂层与O相Ti₂AlNb合金之间沉积不同Al:Al₂O₃比例的Al-Al₂O₃薄膜作为扩散阻挡层.研究了900℃下恒温氧化500 h后NiCrAlY/Al-Al₂O₃/Ti₂AlNb体系中Al-Al₂O₃层阻挡合金元素互扩散的行为,以及对涂层氧化动力学曲线的影响.结果表明,没有添加扩散阻挡层的NiCrAlY/Ti₂AlNb体系,涂层和基体之间的元素互扩散十分严重,涂层丧失抗氧化能力;而添加扩散阻挡层的材料体系,涂层和基体之间的元素互扩散受到抑制,涂层的长期抗高温氧化性能得到提高.对于3Al-Al₂O₃,1Al-Al₂O₃和0Al-Al₂O₃ 3种扩散阻挡层,综合比较材料体系的抗氧化性能、阻挡层阻挡涂层和基体元素互扩散能力、以及涂层和基体之间结合力,当1Al-Al₂O₃薄膜作为扩散阻挡层时,材料性能最优异.同时,本文利用扩散阻挡系数简洁定量地表示出不同Al:Al₂O₃比例阻挡层的阻挡扩散能力.     

Y2O3含量对大气等离子喷涂Al2O3-Y2O3复合涂层微观结构和力学性能的影响

目的 探究掺杂不同质量分数Y₂O₃对Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃复合涂层微观结构及其力学性能的影响。方法 采用大气等离子喷涂制备Al₂O₃涂层,以及Y₂O₃质量分数分别为10%、20%、30%、40%的Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃复合涂层。利用SEM、EDS对粉末以及不同涂层的形貌、组织结构、元素分布进行分析。使用XRD表征粉末和涂层的物相。使用显微硬度仪、纳米压痕测试仪和电子万能试验机对涂层的显微硬度、弹性模量以及断裂韧性等力学性能进行测试分析。结果 Al₂O₃喷涂粉末的物相由α-Al₂O₃组成,而喷涂得到的Al₂O₃涂层则由α-Al₂O     

纳米Al2O3掺杂酚醛/环氧复合涂层的耐腐蚀性能

以酚醛树脂(PF)改性环氧树脂(EP)为基体,将硅烷改性的纳米Al₂O₃掺杂其中,制备了纳米Al₂O₃-PF/EP复合涂层。利用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、接触角测量仪和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等测试方法对复合涂层进行了表征。结果表明：硅烷改性的纳米Al₂O₃和PF与EP之间发生了化学反应,酚醛固化涂层的抗渗透性和交联密度提高;纳米Al₂O₃-PF/EP复合涂层的耐腐蚀性能优于EP涂层和PF/EP涂层,且掺杂3%(质量分数)纳米Al₂O₃的PF/EP复合涂层,其耐腐蚀性能最优;硅烷改性的纳米Al₂O₃与PF/EP之间的分散性和稳定性提高,涂层变得更致密,阻碍了腐蚀性介质的扩散,从而提高复合涂层的耐腐蚀性能。     

Al2O3/TiB2/Al复合材料的微观结构和高温力学性能

以细雾化铝粉和TiB₂颗粒为原料,通过粉末冶金和热轧制制备微米TiB₂和纳米Al₂O₃颗粒增强铝基复合材料。室温时,由于TiB₂和Al₂O₃的综合强化作用,Al₂O₃/TiB₂/Al复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为258.7 MPa和279.3 MPa,测试温度升至350℃时,TiB₂颗粒的增强效果显著减弱,原位纳米Al₂O₃颗粒与位错的交互作用使得复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度达到98.2MPa和122.5 MPa。经350℃退火1000 h后,由于纳米Al₂O₃对晶界的钉扎作用抑制晶粒长大,强度和硬度未发生显著的降低。     

Al2O3对铝熔体中杂质Fe扩散行为影响的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法从均方位移、自扩散系数、径向分布函数、配位数等方面分析研究了Al₂O₃对铝熔体中杂质Fe扩散行为的影响规律。结果表明：Al₂O₃是影响铝熔体中杂质Fe扩散和富集的关键因素，随着Al₂O₃含量的增加，杂质Fe的均方位移随之下降，且随着时间的延长，均方位移的增加幅度减小，扩散系数从0.173×10^-8 m²/s下降到0.037×10^-8 m²/s，即Al₂O₃含量的增加阻碍了杂质Fe的扩散，且Al₂O₃含量阻碍杂质Fe扩散行为的倾向随着时间的延长而加剧。同时，随Al₂O₃含量的增加，径向分布函数曲线发生明显变化，曲线第一峰的高度逐渐变高，即Fe原子配位数逐渐增加，杂质Fe的聚集程度增加。分析认为Al₂...     

采用Au基钎料真空钎焊Al2O3陶瓷

首先选用AgCuTi活性钎料在880℃/10 min参数下对A1₂O₃陶瓷表面进行金属化处理,之后尽量去除金属化层中的AgCu共晶组织,然后选用两种Au基高温钎料在980℃/10 min参数下对金属化后的A1₂O₃进行了钎焊连接.结果表明,在Al₂O₃/Au-Ni/Al₂O₃接头中靠近Al₂O₃母材的界面处生成一层薄薄的扩散反应层,该反应层主要由TiO₂和Al₂O₃组成;在Al₂O₃/Au-Cu/Al₂O₃接头中同样存在扩散反应层,与前者不同的是,接头中检测到Ti-Au相的存在.分别对Au-Ni和Au-Cu两种钎料获得的Al₂O₃接头进行了抗剪强度测试,前者对应接头强度为95.5 MPa,后者对应接头强度达到102.3 MPa.     

Inconel 718及其渗铝涂层在Na2SO4+5%NaCl混合盐膜下的热腐蚀行为

采用化学气相沉积(CVD)工艺在镍基高温合金Inconel 718上制备了铝化物涂层,研究了Inconel 718合金及其渗铝涂层在750,850和950℃空气中Na₂SO₄+5%(质量分数)NaCl混合盐膜下的热腐蚀行为。结果表明：基体表现出较差的抗腐蚀性能,且温度越高腐蚀越严重;腐蚀初期表面腐蚀产物主要由Cr₂O₃和Fe₂O₃组成,而随着腐蚀时间增加,尖晶石为主要腐蚀产物。此外,基体合金在850和950℃时的腐蚀膜疏松多孔,观察到开裂和剥落,抗腐蚀能力差;而渗铝涂层表现良好,腐蚀期间表面会形成Al₂O₃膜,极大提高了基体合金的抗腐蚀性能。虽然当腐蚀温度升高或腐蚀时间增加时,涂层会发生明显退化,且会导致腐蚀膜出现裂纹、孔洞等缺陷,其与涂层结合不紧密,但仍能在很大程度上有效保护基体。     

Ag-CuO-Al2O3复合钎料空气反应钎焊SOFC及服役性能

选用纳米Al₂O₃颗粒作为增强相,成功开发了Ag-CuO-Al₂O₃复合钎料,并将其应用于空气反应钎焊固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)组件. 对复合钎料的空气反应钎焊工艺进行研究,在1 050 ℃/30 min工艺条件下实现了SOFC电池片与铝化不锈钢连接体的无缺陷连接,分析了接头两侧界面连接特征以及纳米Al₂O₃增强相在连接过程中的演化行为. 对焊后接头进行高温服役性能测试,探究了接头组织和性能在高温氧化(空气)和还原(H₂-50H₂O-N₂)气氛中的演化规律. 结果表明,铝化不锈钢的Al₂O₃保护层对不锈钢基体起到了良好的保护作用,避免了不锈钢基体在连接以及高温服役过程中的性能衰减,在确保接头组织稳定性中发挥了关键作用. 系统分析了高温服役过程对接头气密性的影响,综合评定了Ag-CuO-Al₂O₃复合钎料空气反应钎焊SOFC组件的适用性.     

Improvement in hydrogen sorption properties of Mg by reactive mechanical grinding with Cr2O3, Al2O3 and CeO2

We tried to improve the hydrogen sorption properties of Mg by mechanical grinding under H₂ (reactive mechanical grinding) with oxides Cr₂O₃, Al₂O₃ and CeO₂. The hydriding rates of Mg are reportedly controlled by the diffusion of hydrogen through a growing Mg hydride layer. The added oxides can help pulverization of Mg during mechanical grinding. A part of Mg is transformed into MgH₂ during reactive mechanical grinding. The Mg+10wt.%Cr₂O₃ powder has the largest transformed fraction 0.215, followed in order by Mg+10wt.%CeO₂ and Mg+10wt.%Al₂O₃. The Mg+10wt.%Cr₂O₃ powder has the largest hydriding rates at the first and fifth hydriding cycle, followed in order by Mg+10wt.%Al₂O₃ and Mg+10wt.%CeO₂. Mg+10wt.%Cr₂O₃ absorbs 5.87wt.% H at 573 K, 11 bar H₂ during 60 min at the first cycle. The Mg+10wt.%Cr₂O₃ powder has the largest dehydriding rates at the first and fifth dehydriding cycle, followed by Mg+10wt.%CeO₂ and Mg+10wt.%Al₂O₃. It desorbs 4.44 wt.% H at 573 K, 0.5 bar H₂ during 60 min at the first cycle. All the samples absorb and desorb less hydrogen at the fifth cycle than at the first cycle. It is considered that this results from the agglomeration of the particles during hydriding–dehydriding cycling. The average particle sizes of the as-milled and cycled powders increase in the order of Mg+10wt.%Cr₂O₃, Mg+10wt.%Al₂O₃ and Mg+10wt.%CeO₂. The quantities of hydrogen absorbed or desorbed for 1 h for the first and fifth cycles decrease in the order of Mg+10wt.%Cr₂O₃, Mg+10wt.%Al₂O₃ and Mg+10wt.%CeO₂. The quantities of absorbed or desorbed hydrogen increase as the average particle sizes decrease. As the particle size decreases, the diffusion distance shortens. This leads to the larger hydriding and dehydriding rates. The Cr₂O₃ in the Mg+10wt.%Cr₂O₃ powder is reduced after hydriding–dehydriding cycling. The much larger chemical affinity of Mg than Cr for oxygen leads to a reduction of Cr₂O₃ after cycling.     

激光重熔对Al2O3-40% TiO2等离子喷涂层耐冲蚀性能的影响

利用等离子喷涂方法制备Al₂O₃-40% TiO₂涂层,对涂层进行激光重熔处理.分别对等离子喷涂层和激光重熔涂层进行耐冲蚀磨损性能试验,研究了激光重熔对Al₂O₃-40% TiO₂等离子喷涂层耐冲蚀性能的影响.结果表明,激光重熔消除了Al₂O₃-40% TiO₂等离子喷涂层的层状结构,使得等离子喷涂层中γ-Al₂O₃转变为α-Al₂O₃,形成了α-Al₂O₃+TiAl₂O₅稳定结构.激光重熔后的涂层组织致密均匀、硬度高,具有冶金结合特征,使得耐冲蚀性能得到极大提高,其磨损特征为冲蚀粒子冲击作用下产生的裂纹、破碎与块状剥落.     

In-situ high temperature X-ray diffraction study of Ni/Al2O3 interface reactions

In-situ experiments on the Ni/Al₂O₃ interface reaction were carried out with a high temperature X-ray diffractometer capable of measuring the X-ray diffraction pattern in 1–2 s using an imaging plate. The kinetic formation processes of the interface reaction layer were measured by short-period exposure experiments with a high temperature X-ray diffractometer. NiAl₂O₄ was formed at the Ni/Al₂O₃ interface from 1468 K to 1673 K in air. The formation of NiAl₂O₄ obeyed the parabolic rate law. The value of the activation energy suggests that the diffusion of Al through NiAl₂O₄ controls the rate of formation. The results of thermal expansion coefficient measurements suggest that when a sample is cooled to room temperature, the magnitude of the stress on the Al₂O₃ owing to NiAl₂O₄ is smaller than that caused by NiO.     

封孔处理等离子喷涂Cr2O3涂层耐蚀性的电化学表征

用等离子喷涂工艺在Q235钢基体上制备Cr₂O₃陶瓷涂层,并采用磷酸铝和环氧树脂对其进行封孔处理。利用图像分析法和电化学方法对封孔前后涂层的孔隙率进行了测试,采用弱极化技术和电化学阻抗谱技术对封孔前后涂层的耐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明,封孔处理提高了涂层的耐蚀性能,环氧树脂封孔涂层的耐蚀性能更优异;陶瓷涂层在腐蚀介质中耐蚀性能主要取决于涂层的孔隙率。     

Properties of copper matrix reinforced with various size and amount of Al2O3 particles

Copper matrix was reinforced with Al₂O₃ particles of different size and amount by internal oxidation and mechanical alloying accomplished using high-energy ball milling in air. The inert gas-atomised prealloyed copper powder containing 1 wt.% Al as well as a mixture of electrolytic copper powder and 3 wt.% commercial Al₂O₃ powder served as starting materials. Milling of Cu-1 wt.% Al prealloyed powder promoted formation of fine dispersed particles (1.9 wt.% Al₂O₃, approximately 100 nm in size) by internal oxidation. During milling of Cu-3 wt.% Al₂O₃ powder mixture the uniform distribution of commercial Al₂O₃ particles has been obtained. Following milling, powders were treated in hydrogen at 400 °C for 1 h in order to eliminate copper oxides formed at the surface during milling. Compaction was executed by hot-pressing. Compacts processed from 5 to 20 h-milled powders were additionally subjected to high-temperature exposure at 800 °C in order to examine their thermal stability and electrical conductivity. Compacts of Cu-1 wt.% Al prealloyed powders with finer Al₂O₃ particles and smaller grain size exhibited higher microhardness than compacts of Cu-3 wt.% Al₂O₃ powder mixture. This indicates that nano-sized Al₂O₃ particles act as a stronger reinforcing parameter of the copper matrix than micro-sized commercial Al₂O₃ particles. Improved thermal stability of Cu-1 wt.% Al compacts compared to Cu-3 wt.% Al₂O₃ compacts implies that nano-sized Al₂O₃ particles act more efficiently as barriers obstructing grain growth than micro-sized particles. Contrary, the lower electrical conductivity of Cu-1 wt.% Al compacts is the result of higher electron scatter caused by nano-sized Al₂O₃ particles.     

Friction characteristic of micro-arc oxidative Al2O3 coatings sliding against Si3N4 balls in various environments

The alumina ceramic coatings were prepared on 2024Al alloy by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique. The phase structure of the MAO Al₂O₃ coating was determined using X-ray diffraction. The thickness and micro-hardness of the MAO Al₂O₃ coatings was measured using eddy current thickness equipment and micro-hardness tester. The friction property of MAO Al₂O₃ coatings sliding against Si₃N₄ ceramic balls were investigated in air, water and oil by a ball-on-disk tribo-meter, and the worn surfaces of the MAO Al₂O₃ coatings were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the MAO Al₂O₃ coatings mainly contained -Al₂O₃ and γ-Al₂O₃ phase. The micro-hardness of the polished MAO coatings was HV1740 ± 87. With an increase in normal load and sliding speed, the friction coefficient in air increased from 0.74 to 0.87, while decreased from 0.72 to 0.57 in water and 0.24 to 0.11 in oil. This indicates that the fluid lubrication could improve the friction behavior of the MAO Al₂O₃ coatings. The worn surfaces' observation indicated that the wear mechanism of the MAO Al₂O₃ coatings changed from abrasive wear in air to mix wear in water, and became microploughing wear in oil.