烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

水溶法开采吴城天然碱矿的模拟试验

吴城天然碱矿水溶开采模拟试验证明,采用双井对流采矿,孔道位置是影响总碱采出率的主要因素.孔道在碱层下部时。总碱采出率最高.若在碱层中、上部形成水的通道,或天然碱层之上覆盖盐岩层时.采用注气控制顶溶,以防顶扳过早坍塌.既可提高总碱采出率,又可达到盐碱分层采出,为采出液的分离加工提供方便.     

降低纯碱铁分的实践方法

传统降低纯碱铁分的方法是通过添加硫化钠和氯化镁,但此方法对纯碱生产会造成以下的负面影响：堵塞炉气系统、出现灰碱、影响重灰生产。根据生产实践,提出降低纯碱铁分新的方法：使用非金属及耐腐蚀金属材料、提高中和水浓度、合理的清洗制碱周期和稳定生产工况,通过减少硫化钠用量,达到延长煅烧炉运行周期,降低生产成本的目的。     

“简易法纯碱—烧碱生产链”研究

为乡镇企业设计了纯碱生产新工艺。探讨了重碱湿法“煅烧”并接着苛化制烧碱的工艺条件。为小碱厂在产品自消化和深加工方面提出了多种途径,可以克服单纯纯碱生产受碳酸氢铵价格影响,经济效益不稳定的缺陷,可以使企业有较强的应变能力,经济效益也可明显提高。     

ALKALINE PULP OF CORN STALKS

Pulping of corn stalks was studied in soda,soda-anthraquinone (AQ), kraft and kraft-AQ processes. The time, temperature and alkali concentration were varied in soda process. In respect to kappa number and pulp yield, 1 hour cooking at 1400C in 14% alkali were best conditions for corn stalks pulping. Pulp yield was increased by 5.5% and kappa number was reduced by 4.4 points with an addition of 0.05% AQ in the soda liquor. Breaking length was better in soda-AQ process than soda process but tear strength was inferior. In the kraft process, pulp yield was increased with increasing sulphidity and decreasing active alkali. The effectiveness of AQ in the low and high sulphidity kraft process was studied. Results showed that AQ was more effective in low sulphidity than high sulphidity. Strength properties in kraft processes were better than the soda and soda-AQ processes.     

二次苛化法制烧缄

本文研究了二次苛化法制烧碱工艺、采用特制高效过滤设备,使生产周期缩短,液碱浓度提高、突破了传统苛化法制碱生产周期长,烧碱浓度低的技术难点。     

粉煤灰活化提取铝铁的研究

粉煤灰中含有大量的铝、铁等有用资源,其资源化利用对环境、社会、经济都有很重要的意义。采用盐酸溶解的方法从粉煤灰中提取氧化铝和氧化铁,结果表明,不经活化的粉煤灰很难将其中的铝、铁溶解出来,仅凭借煅烧对铝、铁溶出的效果影响不大,在煅烧的同时添加碳酸钠和氢氧化钠助剂可以显著提高其中氧化铝和氧化铁的溶出率,同时添加碳酸钠和氢氧化钠助剂,在700℃即可达到95%的高溶出率。     

100m2真空转鼓过滤机跑碱事故原因分析和对策

剖析了100m^2真空转鼓过滤机跑碱事故产生的原因，并在原设计的基础上，提出了相应的改进措施。实践证明：该措施能有效地杜绝跑碱事故的发生。     

碱渣土的真空-电渗联合排水固结特性试验研究

文中给出了碱渣土的真空预压排水法和真空-电渗联合法排水固结的对比试验结果,分析了真空-电渗联合法的排水固结机理.室内模型试验结果表明,真空预压排水法和真空-电渗联合法对碱渣土均具有明显的排水效果,且真空-电渗联合法比真空预压法的排水效果更加显著.尤其是在真空预压排水结束后,真空-电渗联合法仍产生明显的排水效果,具有水头梯度下的排水固结和电场作用下的电渗排水固结两方面的排水固结机理,因而比单纯的真空预压的排水速率快,排水固结量大.文中结果可扩展用于对软土地基的加固.     

由芒硝制亚硫酸钠的研究

<正> 制备亚硫酸钠的传统工艺原料是纯碱和烧碱。本项研究试图以从天然碱中分离出来的芒硝并配以石灰来代替它。 1 反应原理在消石灰与芒硝共存的悬浮液中,通入二氧化硫气体,首先发生的化学反应是:Ca(OH)_2+SO_2+H_2O=CaSO_3·2H_2O↓所生成的含CaSO_2·2H_2O细小结晶悬浮液,继续吸收二氧化硫,在介质呈酸性时,即转变成可溶性的亚硫酸氢钙而溶解,离解出的Ca~(2+)与溶液中     

农田土壤温室气体释放通量的研究

采用碱石灰吸收法和Hohenheim Chamber法测定了德国南部农田CO2释放规律,并对两种方法进行了比较。供试作物为冬小麦。在实验期间内,各处理的CO2净释放量均为正值,表明在春季土壤－作物系统是碳的源。一天内作物－土壤系统在大部分内表现为CO2净释放,只在中午11：00至13：00且光照充分时才出现净同化。不同轮作方式下农田CO2累计释放量存在差异。不同处理CO2累计释放产为净释放,但处理间存在显著差别。CO2净释放量与气温、土壤温度极显著相关,与PAR相关性不明显。研究结果还表明,碱石灰吸收法吸收时间和吸收剂的数量对试验结果有影响,而吸收时间的影响更为明显。