哈尔滨市马家沟排污口有机污染物成分的GC／MS研究

哈尔滨市大量的工业废水和生活污水排入松花江,使江水受到严重污染。我们用诱变试验方法从哈尔滨市17个排污口中筛选出8个有致突变作用的排污口,再后GC/MS对各口有机污染物成份进行了定性分析。本文报告其中马家沟排污口的GC/MS研究结果,共鉴定出主要有机污染物23种。     

哈尔滨市何家沟主要污染源有机物成份的气象色谱与质谱联用方法的研究

长期以来,松花江哈尔滨江段接纳了大量工业废水和生活废水,污染严重,特别是有机污染更为突出。何家沟污水排入哈尔滨江段的上游,严重威胁着游泳区和市区人民的健康。为找出排放致突变物的主要污染源,我们利用生物学短期测试系统,从何家沟流域筛选出两个工厂的排污口,对其进行有机物提取及气象色谱与质谱联用(GC/MS)定性分析,现将结果报告如下:     

哈尔滨市排污口污水致突变性联合作用及其有机污染物成分分析

哈尔滨市大量的工业废水和生活污水通过17个排污沟口排入松花江,使江水受到严重污染并具有明显的致癌危险性。我们用诱变试验筛选出8个主要有致突变作用的排污口,在此基础上用正交试验进行致突变性的联合作用,并用GC/MS对各沟口有机污染物成分进行了定性分析。本文报告联合作用和GC/MS定性分析结果。共鉴定出主要有机污染物67种,3号与4号排污口有拮抗作用。     

哈尔滨市5号排污口有机污染物成分分析

长期以来,哈尔滨市大量的工业废水和生活污水主要通过17个排污口排入松花江,使江水受到严重污染。有人报告1.7升江水有明显的致突变作用,长期饮江水、食江鱼的居民癌症死亡率明显高于对照居民,哈尔滨市下游水源水比上游水源水的致突变性明显增强。这种情况对饮江水、食江鱼的哈尔滨市居民将构成潜在性威胁。这一问题已引起有关方面的重视。 为找出具有致突变作用的主要污染来源,我们用诱变试验对17个排污口进行了筛选,结果筛选出     

工业废水有机致癌物首治目标的确定

松花江是流经哈市的一条主要河流。已有研究成果证实松花江水中含有致癌致突变物质。通过卫生毒理学方法,从众多排入松花江废水的工厂中筛选出排放致癌物危险最大的、必须首先治理的对象,为环保部门提供理论依据,缩小治理目标,提高治理效果。1 材料与方法 1.1 到有关单位对排入松花江的污水排放口进行调查。用蚕豆根尖细胞微核(MCN)试验对排污口污水进行检测。 1.2对获阳性结果的排污口,以1号口为例,对所属排废水工厂进行普查,根据普查结果,对Y厂进行了重点调查。对获阴性结果的排污口,为防止排放致癌致突变物严重工厂的遗漏,抽查了32家工厂的档案,根据工厂性质、所用原料、生产工艺、产品产量和废水中含有致癌致突变物的可能性进行     

污水养殖鱼肉有机提取物致突变性研究

目的：评价污水养殖鱼的细胞遗传毒理学安全性，方法：用小鼠骨髓细胞的微核试验对采自天津市南、北排污河流域污水养鱼池的污养鱼肉有机提取物进行致突变性检测。结果：本次采集的3组污养鱼肉有机抽取物均呈致突变阳性结果，而清养鱼有机提取物呈致突变阴性结果，结论：污水养殖鱼体内含有有机致突变物质，这些物质会通过食物链进入人体，可能对人群健康产生潜在危害。     

医院污水中总有机物质致突变性的研究

本文应用SOS-显色法和Ames试验对医院污水中总有机提取物进行了致突变性研究。结果表明:(1)医院污水中存在着有机致突变物质,而且致突变作用因氯化消毒而加强。(2)SOS-显色法是一种快速、敏感的遗传毒理学检测方法,用于环境致癌物的筛选,值得推广、应用。     

南四湖水样有机提取物致癌危险性研究

应用小鼠骨髓微核试验染色体畸变分析、ＳＨＥ恶性转化试验及ＳＯＳ／Ｕｍｕ显色反应研究南四湖水样有机提取物的致突变性。结果表明。沙堤、薛排沟和下航道的水样有机提取物均有不同程度的致突变性，有致染色体断裂作用，高剂量组和阳性对照组均可见ＳＨＥ细胞的恶性转化，对ＤＮＡ具有直接损伤作用和细胞毒性。因此，可以认为南四湖已受到遗传毒性物质污染，具有致癌危险性。     

污水提取物致突变性研究(综述)

本文综述了近年来研究污水有机化合物的致突变性问题。着重介绍了污水致突物的各种浓缩方法,说明了用Ames试验检测污水提取物致突变性的可行性以及污水致突物在土壤中降解的可能性。     

武汉易家墩地区污水养鱼场鱼体底泥及水中有机致突变物的测定

本文研究武汉易家墩地区利用工业及生活污水养殖,非挥发性有机致突变物在塘水,鱼体组织及底泥中的存在状况及相互关系。结果显示鱼塘水受到污水的严重污染,水样(经换算后体积)100m1/皿即对TA98、TA100菌株具有致突变性,鱼样(经换算后重量)0.1g/皿时就表现为阳性,提示水中有机致突变物可通过食物链危害人体健康。鱼塘底泥在本实验中未显阳性结果。     

哈尔滨市饮用水中有机致突变组份的分离研究

本研究提出了一套以Ames试验为指标，与硅胶柱层和HPLC化学技术相结合，从饮用水中分离有机致突变活动活性组份的方法。利用该方法从哈尔滨市饮用水中分离出有机活性组份Y－E－2，其在水中含量为16μg/L,重量比活性为588rev/mg（TA98菌株）和1687rev./mg（TA100菌株）。     

Ecotoxicological and chemical characterization of selected treatment process effluents of municipal sewage treatment plant

The triolein-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed for 4 weeks in a sewage treatment plant in Beijing, China, to sample and concentrate priority hydrophobic organic pollutants in a sewage treatment process. The chemical analyses and ecotoxicities of the residuals of SPMDs dialysate were examined. The data from the chemical analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry selected ion monitoring mode indicated the lower removal for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) congeners and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) coincided with the persistence of them in the environment. The acute toxicity examined by bioluminescence test with Vibrio fischeri revealed approximately only 20% decrease in the overall toxicity of the influent after the activate sludge treatment process. The ethoxy resorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) induction with a micro-EROD assay in vitro using H4-IIE rat hepatoma cell cultures demonstrated the presence of persistent organics in influent and sequency effluents. Results obtained suggested that integration of the SPMD technique and chemical analyses and bioassay might be a valuable approach for the risk assessment of hydrophobic organic pollutants in water ecosystem. It revealed the necessity for organic pollutants monitoring and ecotoxicities examining of sewage treatment plants.     

官厅水库/永定河水中有机污染物致突变性的初步研究

1999年 7月在官厅水库和永定河下游三家店河段设 4个采样点 ,应用Ames实验对所采集水样中经XAD 2树脂富集后的有机污染物进行了致突变性检验。研究结果表明 ,对于TA98( S9)实验 ,八号桥和雁翅样品在 0 8L plate以下呈现阳性结果 ,表明样品中含有移码型直接致突变物 ,尤其是八号桥样品有很强致突变性。上述状况在加入体外代谢活化物S9后消失 ,说明样品中不含间接致突变性物质。在碱基置换型直接致突变性检验中 ,八号桥样品在 0 4L plate剂量条件下即呈直接致突变阳性 ,加入S9后在 0 8L plate剂量条件呈可疑阳性。上述结果表明在采样期间 ,该水体已受到致突变性物质的污染 ,从检验结果还可以看出 ,相对于静止水体 (水库大坝、三家店 )而言 ,流动水体 (八号桥、雁翅 )具有更强的致突变性 ,而以上游的八号桥点致突变性最高。说明致突变性物质可能来自洋河或桑干河     

Soil contamination detected using bacterial and plant mutagenicity tests and chemical analyses

Soil contaminants are common in industrialized countries, causing widespread contamination directly of soil and indirectly of ground water and food. Among these pollutants particular attention should be paid to soil mutagens and carcinogens due to their potentially hazardous effects on animal populations and human health. The aim of this research was to evaluate the genotoxicity of contaminated soils by means of an integrated chemical/biological approach, using a short-term bacterial mutagenicity test (Ames test), a plant genotoxicity test (Tradescantia/micronucleus test), and chemical analyses. Soil samples were collected in a highly industrialized area in the Lombardy region, in Northern Italy. Soil samples were extracted with water or with organic solvents. Water extracts of soil samples were tested using the Tradescantia genotoxicity test and organic solvent extracts were analyzed for their polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations and for their mutagenicity with the Ames test. Heavy metal concentrations were also studied. Some soil samples showed mutagenic activity with the Ames test and clastogenicity with the Tradescantia/micronucleus test. The same soils showed high concentrations of genotoxic PAH and heavy metals.     

Use of TIE techniques to characterize industrial effluents in the Pearl River Delta region

We investigated the acute toxicity of various industrial effluents in the Pearl River Delta region using lux bacteria, duckweed, green algae, crustaceans and zebrafish. The potential toxicants in the industrial effluents were identified and evaluated by lux bacteria bioassay and chemical analysis. The results show that green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) and crustacean (Ceriodaphnia dubia) were more sensitive to the effluents from electronic and electroplate factories than other test species, while lux bacteria were more sensitive to all the other effluents. The toxicities of effluents from electronic and electroplate factories to the six test organisms were significantly higher than those of the other industrial effluents, and mainly caused by metals. Noticeably, organic pollutants were the main contributing factor to the toxicity of effluents from textile and dyeing plants, pulp and paper mills, fine chemical factories and municipal wastewater treatment plants.     

城市污水处理厂再生水自然净化中诱变活性变化的观察

应用Ａｍｅｓ实验对污水处理厂再生水在自然净化中有机诱变物活性变化进行了检测。结果表明，在自然净化过程中，不同净化时间均有明显的诱变活性，无衰变迹象，饮用水系则无变诱活性，再生水多用于改善景观，园林灌溉和道路喷洒，不与人群直接接触，故认为再生水的诱变活性可不考虑用作卫生评价指标。     

自来水中有机污染物的检测及评价

目的通过对自来水中有机污染物的检测,了解和评价某市自来水中有机物污染状况.方法用顶空气相色谱法测定自来水中挥发性卤代烃,用气相色谱/质谱联用（GC/MS）法测定其他有机污染物.结果某市5个自来水厂出厂水检出有机污染物均在100种以上,累计308种,其中主要有机污染物81种,致癌、致畸、致突变物质20余种.结论某市自来水已受到不同程度的有机物污染,特别是以滇池为源水的自来水污染较为严重.